Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-ulcer dyspepsia, also termed "nervous dyspepsia," is a heterogeneous syndrome: ulcerlike symptoms can occur with the irritable bowel syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux, and other disorders. In addition, there is a significant subgroup of non-ulcer dyspepsia sufferers who have no disorder associated with, and no known cause for, their dyspepsia, and the dyspepsia in this subgroup is given the provisional name of "essential dyspepsia." The aim of this study was to assess if psychological factors are associated with patients who present with essential dyspepsia. Psychometric testing was carried out on 76 essential dyspepsia patients (including 18 patients with gastroduodenitis), 76 randomly selected dyspepsia-free community controls (matched for age, sex, and social class), and 66 duodenal ulcer controls. Essential dyspepsia patients were retested a mean of 3.6 mo later. Using stepwise regression analysis, the initial scores of essential dyspepsia and duodenal ulcer subjects showed them to be more neurotic, anxious, and depressed than community controls; these abnormalities persisted in essential dyspepsia patients on retesting and were not affected by the symptom status. It is concluded that essential dyspepsia patients who present for investigation with symptoms are more likely to be persistently neurotic, anxious, and depressed than dyspepsia-free controls, and this is unrelated to the presence of symptoms, but the association may not be of major clinical significance, as the numerical differences observed between groups were small and the correlation coefficients were low.
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PMID:Association of anxiety, neuroticism, and depression with dyspepsia of unknown cause. A case-control study. 394 18

Verbal affective expression and psychometric variables were studied in a group of 5 duodenal ulcer and 6 irritable bowel patients. The aim was to assess the relevance of the alexithymia contruct to the distinction between both groups. Irritable bowel patients exhibited higher scores on Zung's depressiveness scale. Alexithymia scores were significantly higher for duodenal ulcer patients. Regarding verbal affective expression a discrimination was possible between both groups in the scale of hostility directed inward. Ulcer patients expressed less affect. These findings suggest that a distinction is possible at the behavioral level between patients with functional vs. patients with organic gastrointestinal illness, thus rendering the concept of alexithymia relevant to this nosological categorization.
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PMID:Affective expression in organic and functional gastrointestinal disease. 651 60

It is hypothesized that chronic gastritis and ulcerative colitis both are induced by viral infection, and that such chronic infection of the mucosa may lead to ulceration and occasionally cancer. Duodenal ulcer disease and Crohn's disease may on the other hand, be due to activation of latent viral infection of the corresponding neural ganglions, with subsequent migration of virus along the nerves to the gut wall. The gastric acid hypersecretion often occurring in patients with duodenal ulcer disease might be a consequence of viral interference with the efferent nerve function of vagal ganglions. Correspondingly, non-ulcer dyspepsia as well as irritable colon may reflect viral infection of afferent nerve function leading to pain and discomfort.
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PMID:Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and stomach and colon cancers- are they all caused by viral infections? 732 19

Excessive spontaneous swallowing has been associated with a variety of common gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, heartburn, and bloating and may contribute to disorders such as hiatus hernia, duodenal ulcer, and irritable bowel syndrome. The present study investigated the hypothesis that changes in emotional state alter spontaneous swallowing rate. Subjects were 38 generally healthy undergraduates assigned to either a pleasant low arousal, neutral, or aversive high arousal condition. Each experimental session was divided into 30-min baseline and arousal manipulation periods. Spontaneous swallowing rate increased significantly with emotional arousal: for low, neutral, and high arousal groups, means were 7.9 +/- 1.9 (SE), 15.8 +/- 2.4, and 23.7 +/- 3.6 swallows/30 min, respectively. Other physiological and self-report measures, used to check the effectiveness of the arousal manipulation, varied appropriately with experimental procedures. These results indicate that changes in emotional state alter spontaneous swallowing rate in generally healthy individuals. Further research with patients is needed to establish whether stress-induced increases in swallowing rate produce or exacerbate clinically significant gastrointestinal symptomatology.
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PMID:Spontaneous swallowing rate and emotional state. Possible mechanism for stress-related gastrointestinal disorders. 785 Nov 90

We investigated whether central pain mechanisms including the endogenous antinociceptive system are involved in functional abdominal pain--that is, abdominal pain without abnormal findings at routine examinations. beta-Endorphin, met-enkephalin immunoreactivity, and dynorphin immunoreactivity were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from nine patients with long-lasting functional abdominal pain and nine pain-free controls undergoing minor surgery while under spinal analgesia. Furthermore, pain sensitivity was evaluated with an ischaemic pain test comparing 21 functional abdominal pain patients with two control groups: 1) 24 patients with organic abdominal pain due to duodenal ulcer, gallstone, or urinary tract calculi, and 2) 13 healthy pain-free controls. The CSF beta-endorphin concentration was significantly decreased in the functional abdominal pain group as compared with nine matched controls (P = 0.01). Met-enkephalin and dynorphin immunoreactivities were normal. This part of the investigation was suspended after nine patients had been tested, because of post-lumbar-puncture headache. With regard to pain sensitivity, no significant difference between the three groups was shown, but subdivision of the functional abdominal pain group showed that individuals with pain and no symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were significantly more sensitive to pain than functional abdominal pain patients with IBS and healthy controls (P = 0.04).
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PMID:Decreased cerebrospinal fluid beta-endorphin and increased pain sensitivity in patients with functional abdominal pain. 790 92

A prospective study of dyspepsia was carried out in a primary referral hospital between 1974-1987 including 1540 patients of whom 1433 were seen as outpatients. The study protocol was agreed in advance and a structured questionnaire was used to elicit relevant clinical information: up to three diagnoses were permitted for each patient. The commonest principal diagnoses were duodenal ulcer (26%), functional dyspepsia (22%), and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (15%); alcohol related dyspepsia (4%) was as common as gastric carcinoma or symptomatic gall stones. Multiple diagnoses were common (31% given two diagnoses, and 6% given three) so that in all 2111 diagnoses were given to 1540 patients; the functional disorders (IBS and functional dyspepsia) considered together accounted for 39% of all diagnoses made. Whereas organic conditions were diagnosed by clinicians with confidence (63-98% considered 'certain'), even when given as the principal or first diagnosis IBS was considered 'certain' in only 61% and functional dyspepsia 48%. The demographic symptom data, together with information on tobacco and alcohol use, and work lost are described in detail.
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PMID:A database on dyspepsia. 830 69

The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of pain localization and frequency of nocturnal pain in duodenal ulcer and other causes of chronic upper abdominal pain. These parameters were prospectively recorded in a consecutive series of 1615 patients with chronic upper abdominal pain presenting to one gastroenterologist. The proportion of patients who were able to localize the site of their pain using a single finger was 13% for duodenal ulcer, 5% for gastric ulcer, 17% for biliary disease, 7% for functional dyspepsia and 8% for irritable bowel syndrome. The numbers of subjects with the above diagnoses who experienced nocturnal pain were 63, 63, 51, 41 and 58%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for duodenal ulcer were 13, 92, 14 and 91%, respectively, for localized pain; 63, 50, 11 and 93%, respectively, for nocturnal pain occurrence; and 9, 96, 20 and 90%, respectively, if the pain was both localized and nocturnal. If the pain was neither localized nor nocturnal, the corresponding values for the absence of duodenal ulcer disease were 49, 68, 93 and 13%, respectively. The pain of duodenal ulcer was therefore more likely to be nocturnal and well localized compared with pain from other causes. However, while the absence of these features made duodenal ulcer unlikely, their presence was less helpful in the diagnostic process.
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PMID:Chronic upper abdominal pain due to duodenal ulcer and other structural and functional causes: its localization and nocturnal occurrence. 879 2

Medical history is full of anecdotal reports on the use of hypnosis in the treatment of gastrointestinal and other disorders. Unfortunately, much of the work published to date consists mainly of short case reports or involves small numbers of patients. They have, however, all broadly given the same message: that patients symptoms improve and they cope better with their condition after hypnotherapy. More recently, controlled trials have shown that patients with severe refractory irritable bowel syndrome or relapsing duodenal ulcer disease respond well to hypnotherapy. This article aims to give an overview of the areas in gastroenterology where hypnotherapy has been applied, discussing in particular what progress has been made in the area of irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Use of hypnotherapy in gastrointestinal disorders. 882 62

Characteristics of personality and emotional condition were studied in 160 patients from Moscow (Russia) and Chardzhou (Turkmenistan) with various gastroenterological diseases: duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, chronic cholecystitis, irritable colon syndrome. Actual psychogenia occurred frequently in all the patients, children's psychogenia was more frequent in Moscow patients with duodenal ulcer. In patients with duodenal ulcer and chronic gastritis both from Moscow and Chardzhou the incidence of stress in everyday life was rather high. All the examinees suffered from mild or moderate depression found more frequently in Moscow patients with chronic gastritis.
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PMID:[Emotional-personality condition of patients with some gastroenterological diseases]. 908 53

The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy of sucralfate in promoting duodenal ulcer healing and to assess the value of some variables in predicting outcome of such therapy. Following variables were tested for predicting the outcome: age at onset, age at presentation, duration of symptoms, sex, periodicity, smoking, nocturnal pain, relief by food, relief by antacid, gastric stasis like symptoms, associated irritable bowel syndrome, site, size and number of ulcers and degree of deformity of bulb. Sixty patients with uncomplicated DU confirmed at endoscopy were treated with sucralfate one gram before three major meals and 1 g at bedtime for two months. Endoscopy was repeated at the end of the trial. There were four drop-outs. Complete, partial and no healing occurred in 45 (80.36)%, 3 (5.36%) and 8 (14.28%) subjects. Ulcer healing rate was higher in those without gross bulbar deformity (41/46) than in those with gross deformity (4/10), (Odd's ratio 12.3, 95% ci 1.98 to 78.44). Other variables were not found to be associated with ulcer healing.
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PMID:Predictors of duodenal ulcer healing in sucralfate treated patients. 910 58


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