Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author questions "the bran hypothesis" that a deficiency of natural fiber--wheat bran in particular--is responsible for a number of prevalent diseases in Western societies, namely diverticular disease, cancer of the colon, gallstones, and myocardial disease. In re-examining the hypothesis, he cites reports which fail to support the theory. For instance, the incidence of diverticular disease in women has increased since 1925, yet there is no evidence that their diets have changed or are different from those of men. Also, it is a mistake to equate wheat bran with fiber in general, and it cannot be shown that dietary fiber in general has declined. In addition, clinical studies have failed to show beneficial results in treating diverticular disease and irritable colon by adding bran to the diet. Similar problems arise in testing the hypothesis that natural fiber can prevent cancer of the colon and lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides. Recent interest in dietary fiber is welcome, for it has been grossly neglected, but much research is still needed to place it in proper perspective.
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PMID:Wheat bran as an etiologic factor in certain diseases. Some second thoughts. 32 53

We reviewed the clinical records of 33 patients with Immunoblastic Sarcoma in order to further describe this disease clinically. Several common features were found. Thirty percent of the patients had a history of a prior immune disease or lymphoproliferative malignancy. Forty-four percent of the patients tested had a diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia. Lymphopenia (less than 1,000/mm3) was found in 45%, and anemia occurred in 73%. At initial presentation, 30% of the cases were clinically staged as either stage I or II, whereas 70% were found to be stage III or IV. Forty-nine percent of the patients had systemic symptoms at presentation. The median survival was 14 months. Advanced stage of disease, lymphopenia, and presence of systemic symptomatology were associated with significantly decreased survival times (p less than .05). We conclude that IBS is a clinical entity often associated with prior immune disease and/or diffuse hypergammaglobulinemia.
Cancer 1979 Jan
PMID:Immunoblastic sarcoma: a clinical description. 36 72

To determine whether circulating immune complexes are present in the sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a 125I-Clq binding assay was performed. Of the 55 IBD serum samples tested, the 24 ulcerative colitis samples demonstrated significant binding (33.1 +/- 8.3%, p = 0.02), whereas the 31 Crohn's samples bound essentially normal amounts (29.2 +/- 7.4%). A positive control group consisting of 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was also studied. Sera from 4 patients wiht IBD and colonic cancer when tested, bound 40.2 +/- 8.0% of the available 125I-Clq, while 10 patients with previous colectomies and ileostomies gave results similar to those of 15 healthy controls and 11 patients with irritable colon.
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PMID:Circulating Clq binding complexes in inflammatory bowel diseases. 45 71

Previously, we describe a unique binding site for the Fc region of IgG in human intestinal goblet cells, but regulation of the intestinal IgG Fc binding site (Fc gamma IBS) has not been clarified. In this work, we examined the effects of tumour necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on expression of the Fc gamma IBS in HT29-N2 colonic cancer cells, which differentiate readily into goblet cells containing the binding site when grown in galactose-containing medium. Expression of the site was monitored immunocytochemically and by ELISA on homogenates of the cells. TNF-alpha in doses of 0.1-100 ng/ml caused a reduction in expression of the Fc gamma IBS and the proportion of cells positive for mucin (as demonstrated by Alcian blue stain), without affecting the viability of the cells. The effects of TNF-alpha on the FC gamma IBS and mucin production could not be attributed to a decreased proliferative rate of the cells, as the cells' incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was unaffected. By contrast with TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma (i) did not affect the proportion of cells expressing the Fc gamma IBS, (ii) decreased the viability of the cells, and (iii) increased cell proliferation. Additional evidence of specificity of the TNF-alpha effect on the Fc gamma IBS was that TNF-alpha did not affect expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (secretory component), whereas IFN-gamma increased it. We conclude that TNF-alpha may suppress expression of the Fc gamma IBS by colonocytes and oppose differentiation of the cells towards mucin-producing cells.
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PMID:Tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreases expression of the intestinal IgG Fc binding site by HT29-N2 cells. 174 77

Ondansetron (GR 38032F), a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, is a highly effective and safe drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of emesis induced by various chemotherapy regimens in cancer patients. Recent studies have shown that ondansetron is also effective in post-anaesthesia and radiation-induced nausea and vomiting. When compared with high-dose metoclopramide, ondansetron appeared to be superior. Furthermore, ondansetron has been shown to improve stool consistency and to reduce stool frequency in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome.
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PMID:Closing remarks. Ondansetron: effects on gastrointestinal motility. 183 38

Although a great deal has been learned about the medical aspects of intraoperative blood salvage, several fundamental medical issues remain controversial. As pressure increases to maximize the use of IBS, more research will be needed on the application of salvage techniques in cancer surgery and in the presence of bacterial contamination. The reintroduction of the use of devices that do not wash salvaged blood have reopened investigations into the effects of reinfusion of partially hemolyzed and partially clotted salvaged blood on coagulation, renal function, and cardiopulmonary performance. More studies are also needed so that empirically based standards of practice for the collection and storage of salvaged blood can be established. No longer confined to a few pioneering surgical departments, IBS is now widely practiced and likely to continue to grow rapidly. Knowledge and research of the medical issues surrounding its use will become increasingly valuable in transfusion medicine.
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PMID:Intraoperative blood salvage: medical controversies. 213 31

It was investigated whether Hemoccult-II test (H-II) could reduce the number of colonic examinations in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome, with normal rigid proctoscopic findings. A negative H-II was obtained in 299 patients from general practice and a positive test in nine. Colonoscopy was done in 157 and double contrast barium enema in 142 after random allocation. The nine patients with positive H-II all had colonoscopy. Among the 299 with negative H-II, colonic adenomas were detected in ten and an early cancer in an adenoma in the sigmoid colon; overlooked rectal adenomas were found in three, rectal cancer in one, rectal carcinoid in another and a coecal cancer, which could be palpated, in a third patient. Two patients with colonic cancer and one with adenoma were detected among those with positive H-II. All patients were followed by clinical examination after one year. In conclusion, colonic examination should carry a low priority in patients with symptoms of irritable bowel, negative Hemoccult-II and normal rigid proctoscopic findings performed by an experienced examiner. The investigation confirmed the recommendation of total colonoscopy in patients with a positive H-II and added support for increasing number of endoscopy services in contrast to those of diagnostic radiology, which should be reduced.
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PMID:[Rectoscopy and Hemoccult II in irritable colon. A prospective study]. 194 12

Interest in and use of IBS have increased recently. This form of haemotherapy involves the retrieval of blood shed perioperatively. IBS, together with other forms of ABT, has gained a prominent role in transfusion medicine, largely due to an increased awareness of the risks associated with transfusion of homologous blood. In addition to conserving erythrocytes, IBS prevents disease transmission, other adverse transfusion reactions, and alloimmunization to antigens in blood cells and plasma which may result from homologous blood use. An array of IBS devices is presently available, ranging from disposable canisters to complete processing systems. The devices are capable of recovering, filtering, washing and reinfusing shed erythrocytes. They can be divided into slow-flow and rapid-flow systems based on the rapidity of blood processing. Most systems use a dual channel aspiration cannula through which shed blood is aspirated and mixed with anticoagulant solution. The salvage procedure requires operator control at every step, even for the highly automated instruments. Various health care personnel have been trained to operate IBS equipment; a transfusion service nurse with blood bank expertise has proved to be a highly reliable operator in our practice. Extensive clinical observation has shown that salvaged erythrocytes function and survive normally. IBS has been applied in many surgical fields; it has two relative contraindications: its use in areas affected by infection or malignancy. Operative procedures characterized by large blood losses provide a cost-efficient application of IBS, including cardiac surgery, orthopaedic procedures, trauma, vascular surgery, and liver transplantation. New, highly efficient technology is emerging that is capable of recovering other blood components. Consequently, what presently amounts to erythrocyte recovery will be expanded shortly to include platelets and plasma, with its many constituents.
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PMID:Intraoperative blood salvage. 222 54

Diarrhea is one manifestation of GI disturbance. Symptoms may be acute if caused by such things as infections, drug reactions, alterations in diet, heavy metal poisoning, or fecal impaction. Chronic diarrhea is a symptom of GI diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, lactase deficiency, cancer of the colon, inflammatory bowel disease, and malabsorption diseases. Chronic diarrhea may also be associated with GI surgery, radiation therapy, laxative abuse, alcohol abuse, and chemotherapeutic agents. When interventions are required to deal with diarrhea, they may include such things as alteration in tube feeding products and methods of administration, fluid replacement by oral rehydration procedures, a rapid return to feeding, and education aimed at the health information clients need to prevent or control the symptom of diarrhea.
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PMID:Diarrhea. 223 42

Insulin-like growth factor II is secreted primarily by the liver and is reported to be transcribed in many primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) cell lines. We have studied diagnostic significance of serum IGF-II in chronic liver diseases using specific enzyme immunoassay. Serum IGF-II levels (mean +/- SE) were decreased in chronic hepatitis (538 +/- 51 ng/ml; N = 29), liver cirrhosis (427 +/- 45; 50) and PHC (260 +/- 41; 17) compared to controls (830 +/- 49; 57). Serum IGF-II was not different from controls in any of nonhepatic diseases such as diabetes (1032 +/- 97; 19) pancreatic cancer (1413 +/- 282; 8), chronic pancreatitis (999 +/- 126; 17), peptic ulcer (1186 +/- 43; 11), irritable bowel syndrome (1002 +/- 109; 12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (1250 +/- 216; 21) and chronic renal failure (733 +/- 135; 14). In liver diseases serum IGF-II showed a significant correlation with liver function test (negative with retention of indocyanine green and total bile acids; positive with albumin, thrombo-test, and cholinesterase). These results suggest that serum IGF-II reflects a reduced production of IGF-II in the liver and that it can be an index for the residual capacity of liver function.
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PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor II in chronic liver disease. 253 15


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