Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine whether circulating immune complexes are present in the sera of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a 125I-Clq binding assay was performed. Of the 55 IBD serum samples tested, the 24 ulcerative colitis samples demonstrated significant binding (33.1 +/- 8.3%, p = 0.02), whereas the 31 Crohn's samples bound essentially normal amounts (29.2 +/- 7.4%). A positive control group consisting of 27 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was also studied. Sera from 4 patients wiht IBD and colonic cancer when tested, bound 40.2 +/- 8.0% of the available 125I-Clq, while 10 patients with previous colectomies and ileostomies gave results similar to those of 15 healthy controls and 11 patients with irritable colon.
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PMID:Circulating Clq binding complexes in inflammatory bowel diseases. 45 71

AP isoenzymes were estimated in 292 patients with locomotor diseases and in 124 healthy controls. The diagnostic usefulness of AP determination is increased by estimation of isoenzymes. Investigations were made to study the biological profile of organ specific AP activities: 1. Rheumatoid arthritis and Reiter's syndrome - the total AP and L-AP activities were increased. 2. Ankylosing spondylitis treated by physiotherapy - the total AP, B-AP and I-AP activities were increased. After drug therapy an increase occurred also in L-AP activity while I-AP activity showed no significant change. 3. Progressive OA of hip and knee showed increased levels of total AP and B-AP activities. 4. Degenerative diseases of the spine, chiefly cases of discopathy, showed significantly reduced levels of AP and B-AP activities. 5. In osteoporosis there was an increase in total AP, L-AP, B-AP and I-AP activities. 6. In the active generalised form of Paget's disease, increased levels were found of total AP, B-AP, I-AP and L-AP activities. 7. In neoplastic diseases the isoenzymes can help to reveal metastatic dissemination and thus aid preoperative evaluation. 8. In gout and hyperuricemic syndromes there was a relative increase of B-AP activity and non-significant fall of L-AP activity. Increased levels of L-AP occured in patients with gallbladder disease, after immunosuppressive therapy or after infectious hepatitis. A fall of L-AP levels was found after Corticotrophin and after intraarticular administration of Kenalog. Increased B-AP activities occurred after total hip replacement, in acute or chronic pyelonephritis and in active osteonecrosis and osteoporosis. Anabolic therapy caused a significant fale of B-AP activity to fall significantly. Reduced B-AP levels were also found after antibiotic therapy. Increased I-AP activity was found in cases of osteoporosis, and in secondary amyloidosis; reduced I-AP activity was seen in mucous colitis. The activity of I-AP is assumed to increase as a result of the changed intestinal calcium and phosphorus regulation occurring in association with the enhanced bone tissue metabolism. From this point of view an order of significance is given for the activity of bone pathology in the separate diagnostic groups of locomotor diseases.
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PMID:The clinical significance of serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in locomotor diseases. 105 9

This study reports lifetime prevalence of certain "psychosomatic disorders" in psychiatric patients in India. The "psychosomatic disorders" studied were peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, ischemic heart disease and irritable bowel syndrome. One percent of psychiatric patients had these psychosomatic illnesses. Ten of the fifteen cases had two psychosomatic illnesses. Patients with psychosomatic disorders were significantly more often older in age (p = 0.003) and from an urban background (p = 0.05) as compared to other psychiatric patients. Depression was the commonest diagnosis, and was significantly (p = 0.01) more often diagnosed in the psychosomatic patients. Psychosis was not diagnosed in patients with psychosomatic disorders. This article emphasizes the need for identifying concomitant psychosomatic problems in psychiatric patients for their appropriate management.
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PMID:Psychosomatic patients in a psychiatric clinic. 326 96

This paper reports studies of patients with the following disorders: peptic ulcer, hypertension, bronchial asthma, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), ulcerative colitis (UC), urticaria, psoriasis and alopecia. The investigations focused on dysthymic states, measured by Foulds' Scale of Anxiety and Depression (SAD) and--except for the first three disorders--the Present State Examination (PSE). On the SAD, all the above groups scored significantly higher than somatically ill controls in anxiety, and all except ulcer patients scored significantly higher in depression. The PSE designated more than half of these patients as cases, except in the psoriasis group. Most patients were assigned to the PSE syndromes of anxiety states or neurotic depression, with the former being more common in UC and urticaria, and the latter more common in IBS, alopecia and rheumatoid arthritis. The variation within skin diseases and within gastrointestinal diseases suggests that neurotic symptoms are typical of each disease rather than of the system involved in the disturbance.
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PMID:Dysthymic states and depressive syndromes in physical conditions of presumably psychogenic origin. 343 24

A cross-sectional home survey on drug use, mental health, somatic illnesses and psychosocial issues was carried out with a nation-wide multi-stage probability sample of 4,292 persons aged 12-17, 18-24 and 25-64. This article aims at investigating the relationship of specific categories of somatic illnesses with a psychological component to the use of licit and illicit drugs. For the purpose of analysis the total sample was divided into three mutually exclusive groups: group A included respondents who have reported illicit drug use 1-3 or more times in their lives; group B comprised respondents who have reported the use of licit psychotropic drugs 3 or more times in their lives; group C included non-user respondents. A higher proportion of respondents of groups A and B of both sexes in all three age strata reported the presence of a specific somatic illness such as bronchial asthma, essential hypertension, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis or eczema, in comparison to group C (non-user) respondents. This difference was greater in the adolescent group 12-17 years of age. Possible explanations of the association between somatic illness with a psychological component and drug use are discussed.
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PMID:Drug use and somatic illnesses with psychological component: a nation-wide survey among adolescents and adults in Greece. 827 76

Platelet degranulation occurs when platelets are activated. Alpha degranulation releases P-selectin whereas lysosomal degranulation releases GP53. A correlation between these two markers might therefore be expected. We studied the correlation between P-selectin and GP53 in 50 patients with myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), 35 normal controls and 105 disease controls (patients with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD, n = 52], rheumatoid arthritis [RA, n = 26] and coronary artery disease [CAD, n = 27]) by flow cytometry before and after stimulation with thrombin ex vivo. There was no significant correlation between percentage expression of P-selectin and GP53 in unstimulated samples in normal individuals; r = 0.13, P = 0.3, n = 34. Mild thrombin stimulation (10 mU/ml) led to both alpha and lysosomal degranulation with a strong correlation (r = 0.62, P < 0.001, n = 35). Disease controls (IBD, RA and CAD) showed similar trends. In patients with MPD, in contrast, a strong correlation between the expression of these platelet activation markers was demonstrable in unstimulated samples (r = 0.37, P = 0.007, n = 50). P-selection and GP53 expression in stimulated samples also correlated well. The data support the existence of different control pathways for the steady state expression of P-selection and GP53. Heterogeneous steady state responses of P-selectin and GP53 may be physiological and loss of this heterogeneity may be a hitherto unreported and pathologically important feature of MPD. This lack of correlation appears to be specific to MPD and is not simply a function of increased in vivo platelet activation.
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PMID:Correlation of GP53 and P-selectin expression in myeloproliferative disorders and normal controls. 873 10

The concept of spondylarthropathy (SpA) gathers together a group of chronic diseases with common clinical, biological, genetic and therapeutic characteristics. The concept forms a distinct entity, different from other rheumatic diseases. The target organs are not only the joint, but also the axial skeleton, the enthesis, the eye, the gut, the urogenital tract, the skin and sometimes the heart. The prevalence of this entity in the general population is estimated 1%, equal to the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. Genetical predisposition (HLA-B27) is one of the clues to the pathogenesis of the disease. Since reactive arthritis is induced by specific urogenital or enterogenic bacteria, and since the gut is implied in different forms of spondylarthropathies, especially in IBD, it was clear that the gut could play an important role by permitting exogenous factors to enter the body. This hypothesis was the rationale for investigating the gut in the spondylarthropathies by performing ileo-colonoscopies. In the first ileo-colonoscopic studies of SpA patients, histological signs of gut inflammation were found in a relatively great number of patients, mostly not presenting any clinical intestinal manifestations. These lesions were not seen in other inflammatory joint diseases. Further ileo-colonoscopic studies confirmed the strong relationship between gut and joint inflammation. In patients in whom a second ileo-colonoscopy was performed, remission of the joint inflammation was always connected with a disappearance of the gut inflammation, whereas persistence of locomotor inflammation was mostly associated to the persistence of gut inflammation. The hypothesis was proposed that some patients with a spondylarthropathy had a form of subclinical Crohn's disease in which the locomotor inflammation was the only clinical expression. This hypothesis was confirmed in prospective long-term studies in which the ileo-colonoscopied patients were reviewed 2 to 9 years later:about 6% of SpA patients not presenting any sign of Crohn's disease at first investigation but demonstrating gut inflammation on biopsy, developed full-blown Crohn's disease. By performing electronmicroscopy it was described that in patients with SpA the number of membranous (M) cells, which are scarce in normal ileum, is increased in number in inflamed mucosa. They showed a thin rim of cytoplasm covering groups of lymphocytes. In chronic inflammatory lesions necrotic M-cells, rupture of M-cells and lymphocytes entering the gut lumen was observed. The bursting of M-cells at the top of the lymphoid follicles leads to interruption of the gut epithelial lining and gives the luminal content access to the lymphoid tissue. This can be responsible for an exponential increase of local antigen stimulation. Accelerated luminal antigen presentation through a break in the epithelial layer, together with cytokines released from activated monocytes, might induce a second line of defense aiming at elimination of the massive antigen penetration into the mucosa. The postulated switch from secretory local immunity to a systemic type of local immune reaction could have different consequences:the local down-regulation of J chain in the IgA immunocytes could shift the production of polymeric IgA to monomers, jeopardizing secretory immunity; the disproportionate increase of IgG-producing cells could favor further inflammation and tissue damage through complement activation and arming of the killer cells, and cause autoimmune responses locally and in target organs at a distance (e.g. joint organs). The discovery of subclinical gut inflammation in the SpA had therapeutic consequences. Sulphasalazine (SASP) has been proven to be an active drug in the treatment of IBD. Since the gut could play a crucial role in SpA, it was logic to use this drug in the treatment of this disease. Multiple open and double-blind studies have proven the effectiveness of this drug in SpA.
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PMID:[Significance of intestinal inflammation in the pathogenesis of spondylarthropathies]. 876 79

Tachykinins belong to an evolutionarily conserved family of peptide neurotransmitters. The mammalian tachykinins include substance P, neurokinin A and neurokinin B, which exert their effects by binding to specific receptors. These tachykinin receptors are divided into three types, designated NK1, NK2 and NK3, respectively. Tachykinin receptors have been cloned and contain seven segments spanning the cell membrane, indicating their inclusion in the G-protein-linked receptor family. The continued development of selective agonists and antagonists for each receptor has helped elucidate roles for these mediators, ranging from effects in the central nervous system to the perpetuation of the inflammatory response in the periphery. Various selective ligands have shown both inter- and intraspecies differences in binding potencies, indicating distinct binding sites in the tachykinin receptor. The interaction of tachykinin with its receptor activates Gq, which in turn activates phospholipase C to break down phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 acts on specific receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release intracellular stores of Ca2+, while DAG acts via protein kinase C to open L-type calcium channels in the plasma membrane. The rise in intracellular [Ca2+] induces the tissue response. With an array of actions as diverse as that seen with tachykinins, there is scope for numerous therapeutic possibilities. With the development of potent, selective non-peptide antagonists, there could be potential benefits in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions, including chronic pain, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, rheumatoid arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome and asthma.
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PMID:Tachykinins: receptor to effector. 892 4

The concept of spondyloarthropathy (SpA) gathers together a group of chronic diseases with common clinical, biological, genetic and therapeutic characteristics. The concept forms a distinct entity, different from other rheumatic diseases. The target organs are not only the joint, but also the axial skeleton, the enthesis, the eye, the gut, urogenital tract, the skin and sometimes the heart. The prevalence of this entity in the general population is estimated 1%, equal to the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. Genetical predisposition (HLA-B27) is one of the clues to the pathogenesis of the disease. Since reactive arthritis is induced by specific urogenital or enterogenic bacteriae, and since the gut is implicated in different forms of spondyloarthropathies, especially in IBD, it was clear that the gut could play an important role by permitting exogenous factors to enter the body. This hypothesis was the rationale for investigating the gut in the spondyloarthropathies by performing ileocolonoscopies. In the first ileocolonoscopic studies of SpA patients, histological signs of gut inflammation were found in a relatively great number of patients, mostly without any clinical intestinal manifestations. These lesions were not seen in other inflammatory joint diseases. Further ileocolonoscopic studies confirmed the strong relationship between gut and joint inflammation. In patients in whom a second ileocolonoscopy was performed, remission of the joint inflammation was always connected with a disappearance of the gut inflammation, whereas persistence of locomotor inflammation was mostly associated to the persistence of gut inflammation. The hypothesis was proposed that some patients with a spondyloarthropathy had a form of subclinical Crohn's disease in which the locomotor inflammation was the only clinical expression. This hypothesis was confirmed in prospective long-term studies in which the ileocolonoscoped patients were reviewed 2 to 9 years later: about 6% of SpA patients not presenting any sign of Crohn's disease at first investigation but demonstrating gut inflammation on biopsy, developed full-blown Crohn's disease. The discovery of subclinical gut inflammation in the SpA had therapeutic consequences. Sulphasalazine (SASP) has been proven to be an active drug in the treatment of IBD. Since the gut could play a crucial role in SpA, it was logic to use this drug in the treatment of this disease. Multiple open and double-blind studies have proven the effectiveness of this drug in SpA; recent studies concluded that the beneficial effect of the drug in this disease entity is more prominent on the peripheral arthritis than on the axial disease.
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PMID:The role of gut inflammation in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthropathies. 895 Aug 41

Plasma cortisol, blood glucose, serum lipids and lipoproteins were estimated in diseased human subjects and normal control volunteers. Serum triglyceride (Tg) total cholesterol (Tc) and cholesterol content of very low density lipoprotein (VLDLc), low density lipoprotein (LDLc) and high density lipoprotein (HDLc) were assayed under lipid profile. Clinical investigations were carried out on 115 subjects which involved 30 control, 25 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 30 bronchial asthma and 30 rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results of this preliminary study showed a significant change in the levels of all the biochemical parameters in diseased subjects in comparison with controls. Increased levels of atherogenic lipids, Tg, VLDLc and LDLc were found in rheumatoid arthritis subjects. This suggests that arthritis subjects are relatively at higher risk of developing coronary heart disease. Furthermore hypercholesterolemia may aggravate the risk condition in arthritis patients by artereosclerosis. The significant elevation in the levels of plasma cortisol reveals the fact that rheumatoid arthritis is a stabilized and chronic psychosomatic disorder, since, homeostatic competence is disrupted following decline in the tendency of stress-response to return to normalcy.
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PMID:A study on physiological changes in certain psychosomatic disorders with reference to cortisol, blood glucose and lipid profile. 906 10


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