Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0022104 (irritable bowel syndrome)
 8,033 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two fowlpox virus recombinants were constructed which expressed the host-protective antigen, VP2, of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Recombinant FPV-VP 2.4.3 contained the gene for the VP 2-VP4-VP3 polyprotein under the control of the vaccinia virus late promoter P.L 11 inserted within the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of FPV. In infected chicken embryo skin (CES) cells VP2 and VP3 proteins were correctly processed from the polyprotein precursor molecule. Recombinant FPV-VP2 contained only the VP2 encoding region under the control of the fowlpox early/late promoter P.E/L inserted immediately downstream of the TK gene. The expression level of VP2 from FPV-VP2 was approximately 5 times higher than from FPV-VP2.4.3. Wing web inoculation of birds resulted in the development of typical fowlpox lesions and the development of antibodies to FPV with either of the recombinants, but only birds vaccinated with FPV-VP2 developed antibodies to IBDV. When challenged with IBDV (strain 002-73), a significant level of protection was provided by FPV-VP2 vaccination, although the level was lower than the protection provided by an oil adjuvanted inactivated whole IBDV vaccine. Birds vaccinated with FPV-VP2.4.3 were not protected from infection as assessed by ELISA for the presence of IBD virus in bursae.
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PMID:Infectious bursal disease virus structural protein VP2 expressed by a fowlpox virus recombinant confers protection against disease in chickens. 839 69

The RT-PCR technique was adopted to amplify variable region of VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus using three different sets of primers. These primers could generate products of 643, 474 and 552 bp sizes. The authenticity of the amplicons was confirmed by their size in agarose gel, restriction enzyme digestion and by nested PCR. Out of total five clinical samples tested, IBD viral genomic RNA could be detected in four by RT-PCR. Restriction enzyme digestion of PCR products with StuI could differentiate clinical samples from an intermediate vaccine strain currently being used in India.
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PMID:Detection of infectious bursal disease virus of poultry in clinical samples by RT-PCR. 967 52

To develop a herpes virus vaccine that can induce immunity for an extended period, a recombinant Marek's disease (MD) virus (MDV) CVI-988 strain expressing infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) host-protective antigen VP2 at the US2 site (rMDV) was developed under the control of an SV40 early promoter. Chickens vaccinated with the rMDV showed no clinical signs and no mortality and 55% of the chickens were considered protected histopathologically after challenge with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV), whereas all of the chickens vaccinated with the conventional IBDV vaccine showed no clinical signs and were protected. Chickens vaccinated with the CVI-988 or chickens in the challenge control showed severe clinical signs and high mortality (70-75%) and none of them were protected. Also, the rMDV conferred full protection to chickens against vvMDV just as the CVI-988 strain did, whereas 90% of the challenge control chickens died of MD. Antibody levels against IBDV and MDV following the vaccination increased continuously for at least 10 weeks. No histopathological lesions in the rMDV-vaccinated chickens and no contact transmission of the rMDV to their penmates were confirmed. These results demonstrate that an effective and safe recombinant herpesvirus-based IBD vaccine could be constructed by expressing the VP2 antigen at the US2 site of the CVI-988 vaccine strain.
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PMID:Protection of chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) and Marek's disease virus (MDV) with a recombinant MDV expressing IBDV VP2. 1032 46

11 African and two German IBDV strains isolated in the mid '80s from field outbreaks in vaccinated and unvaccinated chicken flocks displayed features of very virulent (vv) IBDV strains. The sequence data of the VP2 variable region and phylogenetic analysis confirm that these strains can be grouped within vv IBDV strains which appeared at the same time on the three continents Africa, Asia, and Europe. Strain Cu-1wt, responsible for severe IBD outbreaks in Germany 13 years earlier, showed some relatedness to these strains, but also significant differences at the genomic level, even though this strain has also features of the vv IBDV strains.
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PMID:The VP2 variable region of African and German isolates of infectious bursal disease virus: comparison with very virulent, "classical" virulent, and attenuated tissue culture-adapted strains. 1066 10

Virus-like particles (VLPs) are empty particles consisting of virus capsid proteins that closely resemble native virus but are devoid of the native viral nucleic acids and therefore have attracted significant attention as noninfectious vaccines. A recombinant baculovirus, vIBD-7, which encodes the structural proteins (VP2, VP3, and VP4) of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), produces native IBD VLPs in infected Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. Another baculovirus, vEDLH-22, encodes VP2 that is fused with a histidine affinity-tag (VP2H) at the C-terminus. By co-infection with these two baculoviruses, hybrid VLPs with histidine tags were formed and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (Hu et al., 1999). Also, we demonstrated that varying the MOI ratio of these infecting viruses altered the extent of VP2H incorporated into the particles. A dynamic mathematical model that described baculovirus infection and VLP synthesis (Hu and Bentley, 2000) was adapted here for co-infection and validated by immunofluorescence labeling. It was shown to predict the VLP composition as a dynamic function of MOI. A constraint in the VP2H content incorporated into the particles was predicted and shown by experiments. Also, the MOI ratio of both infecting viruses was shown to be the major factor influencing the composition of the hybrid particles and an important factor in determining the overall yield. ELISA results confirmed that VP2H was exhibited to a varied extent on the outer surface of the particles. This model provides insight on the use of virus co-infection in virus-mediated recombinant protein expression systems and aids in the optimization of chimeric VLP synthesis.
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PMID:Effect of MOI ratio on the composition and yield of chimeric infectious bursal disease virus-like particles by baculovirus co-infection: deterministic predictions and experimental results. 1153 33

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is the causative agent of infectious bursal disease, which is one of the most important and widespread infectious diseases in commercial chickens. Conformational epitopes have been reported in the highly variable region of the VP2 protein of IBDV. In the present study, a random heptapeptide library was screened by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), YNW17 and YNW29, directed to the VP2 of IBDV and two peptide motifs, D-X-P-R and A-R-G, were identified. The motifs are present on the N and C terminal sequences of the highly variable region of VP2. Synthetic overlapping peptides covering the motifs on VP2 were analyzed by Dot- ELISA with the mAbs and two epitopes 197CDSSDRPRVYTIT209 and 329ARGSLAVTI337 identified. The above epitopes were also recognized by chicken anti-IBDV sera and shown to inhibit the binding of their mAbs to recombinant VP2. Both mAbs and sera from mice immunized with the conjugated epitope-peptides were able to neutralize serotype I IBDV. These results indicated that the epitopes are two neutralizing linear B-cell epitopes and would be useful for the development of peptide-based IBD vaccines.
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PMID:Identification of neutralizing epitopes on the VP2 protein of infectious bursal disease virus by phage-displayed heptapeptide library screening and synthetic peptide mapping. 1621 34

In the present study the efficacy of recombinant plasmids DNA vaccine encoding VP2 gene of very virulent strain of infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) isolated from Pakistan was investigated with or without coadministration of cytocine-phosphate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) to protect the chickens against the disease. VP2 gene of vvIBDV was successfully amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and was cloned into eukaryotic expression plasmid vector, which consisted of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early enhancer and promoter, adenopartite leader sequences and SV-40 polyadenylation signal, and this was designated as pRc-VP2. Seven-day-old maternal antibodies free chickens were intramuscularly injected with 500 microg of pRc-VP2 with or without CpG ODN twice at 1-week interval. At the age of 21 days the broiler chickens were challenged with 10(5) EID(50) of homologous strain of IBDV and observed for 14 days post-challenge. Immunization with pRc-VP2 plus CpG ODN conferred protection in 93% of the chickens as evidenced by the absence of clinical signs, atrophy of bursa of Fabricius (BF) and mortality followed by the group vaccinated with attenuated IBD vaccine and boosted with killed oil based IBDV vaccine, which conferred 90% protection. The protection of chickens injected with pRc-VP2 alone was 67% where as only 20% of the chickens in the negative control group were protected. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titre in the group vaccinated with pRc-VP2 plus CpG ODN were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the group vaccinated with pRc-VP2 alone as well as the group vaccinated with commercial attenuated IBDV vaccine boosted with commercial oil adjuvanted killed IBDV vaccine. Responsiveness to a mitogenic lectin, phytoheamagglutinin-P was significantly reduced in group immunized with conventional vaccines (live boosted with killed) as compared to all the other groups (P<0.05). The results revealed that co-administration of recombinant plasmids with CpG ODN could protect chickens efficiently from IBDV challenge.
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PMID:Protection capability of recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine containing VP2 gene of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus in chickens adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. 1660 Apr 40

The present study was undertaken to characterize recent field isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and partial sequencing of VP2 gene. The virus could be detected in 17 of 20 field samples from broiler chickens in Haryana state, India as well as in all the four vaccine strains. Nucleotide sequences of four field isolates and one vaccine strain were compared with 10 reported IBDV strains from different parts of the world. Nucleotide substitutions at 795G, 827T, 833C, 857C, 897A, 905T, 908T, 1011A and 1094G specific for very virulent (vv) strains, were maintained in all the four field isolates. However, unique nucleotide substitutions at 806A-G, 851 C-T, 1010 T-C, 1019T-C and 1082T-C showed further divergence of these isolates from already reported vvIBDVs. Deduced amino acid substitutions at 222P-A, 256V-I, 279N-D, 294L-I and 299N-S specific for vvIBDV strains were also present in all the four isolates. The vaccine strain showed amino acid change 279D-N, a characteristic of attenuated vaccine strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the field isolates in the present study were closely related to reported UK (UK661) and Japan (OKYM) field isolates. All the four field IBDV strains of the present study were closely related to each other but distinct from already reported vvIBDVs of India. On the basis of nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, it is very likely that IBD causing strains in this part of India are of very virulent character and are still undergoing changes at genetic level.
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PMID:Molecular characterization of Indian isolates of infectious bursal disease virus from broiler chickens. 1738 Oct 44

Four isolates of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), isolated from chicken, duck, goose and sparrow in Jiangsu province of China in 2002, were compared. The viruses were stable to the treatments of 60 degrees C for 1 h, pH 2.0 and lipid solvents. Their antigenic relatedness values (R) were from 0.76 to 0.78. Chickens infected with the chicken isolate showed severe clinical symptoms of IBD and the mortality rate was 33.3% (2/6). Chickens infected with the other three viruses survived but their bursas were damaged and the bursa/body-weight ratios were lower than those of the uninfected control (p< 0.01). The titers of anti-IBDV antibody in infected chicken sera reached up to 1600 by virus neutralization and 6400 by ELISA at 10 days post infection. The sequences of the variable region of VP2 were aligned and compared, showing nucleotide variations ranging from 1.5 to 6.7% and deduced aminoacid variations from 0.8 to 2.2%. All had the same heptapeptide, S-W-S-A-S-G-S, Asp279, and Ala284. The four viruses clustered on a phylogenetic tree and were distant from the STC strain. These findings suggested that different bird species naturally infected with IBDV could serve as carriers or reservoirs in IBDV transmission and might play a role in the emergence of variant IBDV.
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PMID:Comparison of four infectious bursal disease viruses isolated from different bird species. 1761 14

The prevalence of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) was studied in chickens, which had not been vaccinated against IBD. Fifty sera and forty-six bursae of Fabricius from chickens showing impaired growth, collected from 7 IBD vaccination-free farms in Japan were used for virus neutralization (VN) tests and RT-PCR for detection of IBDV genome corresponding to the VP2 hypervariable region. Of the fifty sera, 39 sera (78%) from 6 farms were VN antibodies positive. Of the forty-six bursae, 37 bursae (80.4%) from 6 farms were positive in the RT-PCR assay. The sequences of all the RT-PCR products detected in this study were closely related or identical to those of the vaccine strains. These results show that vaccine-like IBDV is prevalent even in IBD vaccine-free chicken farms in Japan.
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PMID:Detection of vaccine-like infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus in IBD vaccine-free chickens in Japan. 1877 60


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