Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021933 (intussusception)
 3,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A beta-glucosidase of Coccidioides immitis was identified in electrophoresis gel separations of the concanavalin A-bound mycelial culture-filtrate-plus-lysate preparation. p-Nitrophenol-beta-D-glucopyranoside was used as the substrate to visualize the enzymatically active fraction in nonreducing gels. The gel-isolated, chromatographically purified enzyme has an optimal pH of 8.0 and cleaves beta-1,3-glycosyl linkages. The alkaline beta-glucosidase was further characterized by a pI of 3.8 to 4.0, optimal activity at 37 to 40 degrees C, and molecular size of 120 kDa as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified beta-glucosidase is identical to a previously reported 120-kDa antigen (Ag) which reacts with immunoglobulin M (IgM) tube precipitin (TP) antibody in sera from patients with coccidioidomycosis. The TP-Ag was described as a valuable serodiagnostic reagent for detection of specific IgM in patients with early coccidioidal infections. The beta-glucosidase, like the TP-Ag, was localized in the cell wall and cytoplasmic vesicles of parasitic cells (spherules) by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy with specific antiserum raised against the purified enzyme. The boiled cell wall fraction isolated from these same young (presegmented) spherules was partially digested by the beta-glucosidase. Addition of a potent beta-glucosidase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin, to the parasitic-phase culture medium at a concentration of 200 microM blocked or retarded conversion of arthroconidia to spherules. Antibody was raised in guinea pigs against chromatographically purified 1-deoxynojirimycin which was conjugated with bovine serum albumin. The inhibitor was localized by immunofluorescence in the wall of the 1-deoxynojirimycin-treated cells. We suggest that the spherule wall-associated, alkaline hydrolase functions as a beta-1,3-glucanase to provide for wall plasticity as well as intussusception of newly synthesized wall polymers during the period of rapid diametric growth of parasitic cells of C. immitis.
 ...
PMID:A seroreactive 120-kilodalton beta-1,3-glucanase of Coccidioides immitis which may participate in spherule morphogenesis. 139 46

Hydrostatic reduction of intussusception has, until recently, been accomplished using barium sulfate or meglumine sodium diatrizoate, and has resulted in successful reduction in up to 80% of cases. Pneumatic reduction is an old technique but is new to North America. In a short time, air reduction has been widely accepted. It is easy to perform and success is achieved in over 80% of cases. The advantages of pneumatic reduction include a lower cost, shorter procedure time, and if perforation occurs, there is a lower likelihood of fecal contamination of the peritoneum. The vein of Galen malformation was initially described in 1895. The age at which symptoms occur and the severity of the clinical syndrome depend on the magnitude of arteriovenous shunting. Cross-sectional imaging techniques are helpful for diagnosis and management planning. In infants with high-output congestive heart failure, neurointervention is now the treatment of choice.
 ...
PMID:Pediatric interventional radiology. 175 3

The hydrodynamic influence of different rectal tube sizes, contrast media, and heights of the fluid column on hydrostatic reduction of intussusception was analyzed in vitro. Enemas were performed in dead rabbits to compare the filling speed of bowel with a liquid and a gaseous contrast medium. For hydrostatic reduction, tubing and rectal tube with a large caliber and a low viscosity contrast medium achieved a higher filling speed of colon and are expected to provide a higher force of reduction on the intussusceptum. A rectal tube with a large caliber can be more useful than an increase of the column height. Filling bowel with carbon dioxide was approximately 7 times faster than with meglumine sodium diatrizoate. Theoretical considerations allow the hypothesis that a gaseous medium provides a faster and steadier reduction than a liquid.
 ...
PMID:Comparative examination of various rectal tubes and contrast media for the reduction of intussusceptions. 190 75

The pressures generated by a barium suspension and various solutions of meglumine sodium diatrizoate in water were measured with a manometer. A pressure of 120 mm Hg was produced by a 3.5-foot (105-cm) column of 60% wt/vol barium and a 5-foot (150-cm) column of either a 1:3 or 1:4 solution of meglumine sodium diatrizoate and water. This is the pressure used to reduce an intussusception with air.
 ...
PMID:Intussusception: hydrostatic pressure equivalents for barium and meglumine sodium diatrizoate. 231 70

Operations for intestinal ischemia are frequently done by veterinarians. In equine surgery those conditions commonly producing ischemia are intussusception, volvulus, bowel obstructions, and incarcerated hernias. In an attempt to predict intraoperative bowel viability after the restoration of circulation, a variety of adjuvant methods have been investigated. There is little question that of the techniques currently available, sodium fluorescein injected intravenously approaches the ideal in predicting nonviability in humans and in most animal models. Furthermore, it is safe, takes little operating time, is inexpensive, and is ubiquitously available; in addition, the only special equipment needed is a long-wave ultraviolet lamp. Reliance on this method would seldom result in nonviable bowel being left in situ. Furthermore, the use of fluorescein would minimize the unnecessary resection of viable intestine and, thereby, minimize the postoperative nutritional problems that may occur, especially in equines. The report of Sullins et al questions the accuracy of the fluorescein technique in predicting viability and nonviability in horses and also raises the question as to whether the prediction of viability, after the restoration of intestinal blood flow, also predicts normal intestinal function. Further investigations will be needed to confirm or refute these observations.
 ...
PMID:Determination of intestinal viability. 267 Jan 9

A 2-yr-old female red wolf (Canis rufus gregoryi) presented with weight loss and diarrhea. Abnormal clinical pathology included low serum calcium, sodium, chloride, globulin, and albumin levels. Differential diagnosis included infectious enteritis, intestinal parasitism, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatic or renal disease, and malnutrition. The wolf was treated empirically, but did not improve. A second examination revealed persistent poor musculature and stool quality. Abdominal palpation revealed a firm mass; contrast radiography confirmed an intussusception. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a colocolic intussusception involving the cecum. Following reduction of the colocolic intussusception, cecal inversion (cecocolic intussusception) was identified. Because the cecal inversion could not be reduced, typhlectomy was performed through a colotomy incision. Bacterial culture of peritoneal fluid yielded two strains of Escherichia coli. Postoperatively, the wolf was placed on antibiotics and a soft diet. The diet was gradually returned to its normal formulation and the wolf progressively gained weight. Physical examination 7.5 mo following initial presentation revealed normal body weight and condition. To our knowledge, this is the first recorded incidence of cecal inversion with concurrent colocolic intussusception.
 ...
PMID:Cecal inversion and subsequent colocolic intussusception in a red wolf (Canis rufus gregoryi). 1036 53

The initial treatment for patients with colitis cystica profunda is aimed at re-education of bowel habits to avoid straining. Patients are instructed to spend the minimum time on the commode. A high-fiber diet with bulk laxatives is recommended. If fiber does not work, polyethylene glycol solutions and surface-active stool softeners such as docusate sodium are tried. Conservative therapy resolves most symptoms. Biofeedback is offered to patients who fail dietary therapy. For patients with associated rectal prolapse, an operation designed to correct the intussusception is considered. For full-thickness prolapse (procidentia) a mucosal resection (Delorme) or perineal proctectomy (Altemeier) is recommended. Surgical treatment of internal (occult) prolapse is problematic. If attempted, a resection and suture rectopexy has the most support. In the absence of procidentia, transanal excision may be used in selected patients. If other measures fail, a mucosal sleeve resection with coloanal pull-through or a diverting colostomy may be considered.
 ...
PMID:Surgical Therapy for Colitis Cystica Profunda and Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome. 1200 18

The case records of 119 young horses (all less than age one year) that underwent an exploratory celiotomy during a 17 year period were examined to determine the surgical findings, short- and long-term outcome, and prevalence of small intestinal disease compared to previous reports in the mature horse. Physical and laboratory values were compared for long-term survivors vs. nonsurvivors and the frequency of post operative intra-abdominal adhesions was determined. The most common cause for exploratory celiotomy was small intestinal strangulation, followed by enteritis and uroperitoneum. Six horses died during surgery, 23 were subjected to euthanasia at the time of surgery due to a grave prognosis, and 17 horses died or were destroyed after surgery, prior to discharge from the hospital; the short-term survival was 61%. Nine horses were lost to follow-up. Forty-one horses survived long-term (at least 6 months after surgery), 15 died or were subjected to euthanasia after discharge for reasons related to the prior abdominal surgery, and 8 died or were destroyed after discharge due to unrelated reasons, making the long-term survival 45%. Fifty-three (45%) of the horses presented as neonates, and 66 (55%) presented age 3-12 months. Uroperitoneum and meconium impaction were the most common disease in the neonate. Intussusception and enteritis were the most common diseases in older foals. The overall prevalence of small intestinal disease was 44%. Significant elevations in packed cell volume, heart rate, nucleated cell counts and total protein in abdominal fluid and rectal temperature were observed in nonsurvivors compared to survivors. Nonsurvivors had significantly decreased serum bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, and venous pH values. There was no evidence that location of the lesion affected long-term survival. Horses with a simple obstruction had a higher survival percentage than those with a strangulating obstruction, and horses that underwent an intestinal resection had a lower long-term survival than those horses undergoing only intestinal manipulation. Nineteen (33%) of the foals examined after the original surgery had evidence of intra-abdominal adhesions. Nine of these (16%) had adhesions that caused a clinical problem.
 ...
PMID:Abdominal surgery in foals: a review of 119 cases (1977-1994). 1533 2

Experiments to determine the effect of furnishing an ample supply of sodium chloride on the toxemia of pyloric and intestinal obstruction are reported. A fall in chlorides is the first and seemingly most significant change to take place in the blood after pyloric and intestinal obstruction. The chloride is apparently utilized by the body as a protective measure against the primary toxic substance. Two dogs with pyloric obstruction were given 50 cc. of 10 per cent NaCl subcutaneously daily. One lived 3 days, the other 4. The blood showed little change, except a marked terminal rise in chlorides. Animals given a like amount of distilled water or 25 per cent glucose showed the changes typical of untreated animals. The obstruction of the pylorus was released in six dogs 48 to 72 hours after the initial operation. Two died within 24 hours after the second operation with a high non-protein nitrogen in the blood. Two survived but showed a high level of non-protein nitrogen in the blood and a high nitrogen excretion in the urine, low blood chlorides, and a marked alkalosis. One dog in such a state died on the 13th day from peritonitis, arising in a wound infection. The other showed a marked fall in non-protein nitrogen in the blood following the administration of 10 gm. of sodium chloride by mouth, but died following the intravenous injection of 25 per cent sodium chloride. Two animals were given 50 cc. of 10 per cent NaCl subcutaneously, at the time of the second operation. The blood rapidly returned to normal and complete recovery followed. Two dogs with the duodenum obstructed by section and inversion of the cut ends were treated with 10 per cent sodium chloride after the obstruction had existed for 48 hours and the characteristic blood changes had developed. The non-protein nitrogen returned to normal within 48 hours after treatment was begun. One dog died following a lateral anastomosis for relief of the obstruction. A second operation was not attempted in the other animal. Two dogs in which the duodenum was obstructed by section and inversion of the cut ends were given 500 cc. of 0.85 per cent NaCl subcutaneously on the day of operation and each day thereafter until death. One dog lived 21 days, the other 28. Both dogs showed a marked alkalosis, but never any rise in the non-protein nitrogen of the blood. The animals at autopsy showed intussusception of the ileum with extensive ulceration. In one there was a perforation and terminal peritonitis. The operation wounds healed normally. Three dogs with section of the duodenum were given 500 cc. of distilled water every day. One died in 24 hours, one in 48 hours, and the third in 72 hours. Autopsy showed no cause for death other than toxemia. One dog with section of the duodenum was given 500 cc. of 2 per cent glucose every day. The blood showed a rapid rise in non-protein nitrogen and carbon dioxide-combining power, and a fall in chlorides. The animal died 72 hours after operation. Three dogs with section of the duodenum were given 500 cc. of 1 per cent sodium bicarbonate every day. One dog died in 72 hours, one lived 7 days, and the third lived 9 days. All developed a high non-protein nitrogen in the blood and two showed marked clinical symptoms of an alkalosis. These results demonstrate that solutions of sodium chloride have a marked effect in preventing and controlling the toxemia of pyloric and intestinal obstruction as shown in clinical symptoms and in chemical changes in the blood. Dogs given an abundant supply of distilled water died more quickly than untreated control animals. Solutions of glucose have no specific value, and sodium bicarbonate solutions prolong life only a short while. Good therapeutic results have been obtained with very concentrated sodium chloride solutions, and with dry sodium chloride given by mouth. It seems evident that sodium chloride has a specific action in preventing and possibly in controlling the changes produced by the toxic body. Sodium chloride is a valuable therapeutic agent in pyloric and high intestinal obstruction.
 ...
PMID:THE EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON THE CHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE BLOOD OF THE DOG AFTER PYLORIC AND INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. 1986 71

Erythermalgia is a peripheral vascular disease triggered by exposure to heat. The primary infantile form is rare. No cases have been described in infants. We report a case in a 6-month-old child revealed by crying bouts associated with erythema of the lower limbs. A 6-month-old child was brought in for consultation for daily crying bouts, occurring six times a day, associated with erythema of the lower limbs. Blood count, abdominal ultrasound and endoscopy were normal, excluding gastroesophageal reflux and intussusception. Attacks disappeared during winter but recurred at high temperatures. The diagnosis was primary infant erythemalgia. Treatment with analgesics and ice packs was established. Erythermalgia is a rare peripheral vascular disease characterized by paroxysmal pain triggered by heat and relieved by cold. The primary form occurs in childhood but has never been reported in infants. The pathophysiology is based on an alteration of sodium channels inducing neuropathy in small-caliber fibers. Genetic mutations have been found in the SNC9 gene on chromosome 2q, with autosomal dominant transmission. Support of this condition is difficult due to resistance to conventional analgesics. The prognosis is sometimes poor with a significant death rate in the pediatric population.
...
PMID:[Inconsolable crying revealing primary erythermalgia in a 6-month-old infant]. 2446 61


1 2 Next >>