Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021933 (intussusception)
 3,822 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 48-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, constipation and irritability one month after starting phenytoin treatment for a generalized seizure. He was hypertensive, tachycardic (BP 174/98, heart rate (HR) 100 bpm supine) and hypovolaemic. Abdominal CT demonstrated transient jejunal intussusception and infarction of the left kidney. Urinary porphobilinogen levels were increased and genetic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of variegate porphyria. Because of ongoing postural hypotension, the patient underwent further autonomic investigations. Levels of blood pressure (MBP), HR and muscle sympathetic activity (MSNA) were increased during the acute attack compared to recovery (131 versus 105 mmHg, 100 versus 60 bpm, 88 versus 26 bursts min(-1)). HR and MSNA did not increase during phase II Valsalva, whereas stroke volume (SV) decays were exaggerated (deltaMBP-56 versus 0-31 mmHg and SV 25% versus 40% baseline). Baroreflex failure causing increased sympathetic activity, decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic rapid responses, loss of splanchnic capacitance and renal salt wasting were the likely mechanisms for postural hypotension. Increased sympathetic activity may also have caused intussusception and focal renal vasoconstriction, both of which may be underdiagnosed causes of abdominal pain in acute porphyria.
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PMID:Variegate porphyria presenting with acute autonomic dysfunction, intussusception and renal infarction. 1518 Jan 90

Acute abdomen can be defined as a medical emergency in which there is sudden and severe pain in abdomen with accompanying signs and symptoms that focus on an abdominal involvement. It accounts for about 8 % of all children attending the emergency department. The goal of emergency management is to identify and treat any life-threatening medical or surgical disease condition and relief from pain. In mild cases often the cause is gastritis or gastroenteritis, colic, constipation, pharyngo-tonsilitis, viral syndromes or acute febrile illnesses. The common surgical causes are malrotation and Volvulus (in early infancy), intussusception, acute appendicitis, and typhoid and ischemic enteritis with perforation. Lower lobe pneumonia, diabetic ketoacidosis and acute porphyria should be considered in patients with moderate-severe pain with little localizing findings in abdomen. The approach to management in ED should include, in order of priority, a rapid cardiopulmonary assessment to ensure hemodynamic stability, focused history and examination, surgical consult and radiologic examination to exclude life threatening surgical conditions, pain relief and specific diagnosis. In a sick patient the initial steps include rapid IV access and normal saline 20 ml/kg (in the presence of shock/hypovolemia), adequate analgesia, nothing per oral/IV fluids, Ryle's tube aspiration and surgical consultation. An ultrasound abdomen is the first investigation in almost all cases with moderate and severe pain with localizing abdominal findings. In patients with significant abdominal trauma or features of pancreatitis, a Contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) abdomen will be a better initial modality. Continuous monitoring and repeated physical examinations should be done in all cases. Specific management varies according to the specific etiology.
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PMID:Emergency management of acute abdomen in children. 2345 44