Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mouse models of cystic fibrosis that are generated by targeted disruption (knockout) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene, cftr(-/-), typically die shortly after weaning, from intestinal obstruction/rupture caused by an inability to secrete fluid into the bowel lumen. We investigated the use of a commercial osmotic laxative, Colyte, provided continuously in the drinking water, to increase the survival of cftr(-/-) mice. Genotype analysis of 623 offspring surviving at 10 days of age yielded 28.1% cftr(+/+), 59.6% cftr(+/-), and 12.4% cftr(-/-) mice (25% predicted), suggesting that cftr(-/-) mice have a significant perinatal mortality rate. However, of the 77 cftr(-/-) mice alive at 10 days of age, >98% survived weaning and were maintained in apparent health to a minimum of 56 days of age (arbitrary age for experimentation). In intestinal bioelectric studies Colyte-treated drinking water, compared with tap water, had no significant effect on basal short-circuit current, cyclic AMP-stimulated Cl- secretion, Na+-coupled glucose absorption, or electrogenic Na+ absorption across intestinal sections from cftr(+/+ or +/-) mice. Other than a mild dilatation of the distal portion of the colon in the Colyte-treated animals, examination of jejunal and colonic sections revealed no histologic differences between the two treatments. These findings indicate that the chronic use of Colyte osmotic laxative in drinking water is an economical means of greatly increasing the survival of CFTR knockout mice without altering the major electrolyte transport processes or histomorphologic integrity of the intestine.
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PMID:Increased survival of CFTR knockout mice with an oral osmotic laxative. 900 Nov 72

Fleet enema (sodium phosphate, C.B. Fleet Co., Inc., Lynchburg, Virginia) is widely used for bowel preparation or constipation relief in the hospital and over the counter. The potential risks, including hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic coma should be kept in mind of primary care physician. The patients with older age, bowel obstruction, small intestinal disorders, poor gut motility, and renal disease are contraindicated or should be administered with caution. We present a patient with old age and chronic renal failure who developed severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic tetany with coma after sodium phosphate enema. We recommend the use of alternative enema preparations, such as simple tap water or saline solution enemas, which can prevent fatal complications in high risk patients.
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PMID:Extreme hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemic coma associated with phosphate enema. 1837 52

Intussusceptions is the telescoping or invagination of a portion of intestine (intussusceptum) into an adjacent segment (intussuscipiens). It is one of the common causes of bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers.Sonography has now been accepted as a method for guiding hydrostatic reduction of intussusception with tap water, normal saline or Ringer's lactate solution. This method is currently being used at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. It is a very simple, efficient, economical and quick method of managing intussusception. The duration of the procedure ranges between two minutes and thirty minutes, with the majority being under ten minutes. A total of twenty intussusceptions were managed in eighteen patients over a nine month period. In fifteen patients (75%) the intussusception was reduced successfully. In five patients (25%), the procedure failed to reduce the intussusceptions.
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PMID:Ultrasound guided hydrostatic reduction of intussusception in children at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital: an initial experience. 2228 81

An elderly man presented to the emergency department following a motorbike accident. He had sustained chest injuries and a grade 1 splenic laceration. He had a moderate amount of free fluid and some omental standing on trauma CT, which was concerning for occult malignancy. A follow-up CT 4 weeks later showed a marked progression of the ascites and omental stranding. Ascitic tap was negative for malignancy. Tumour markers were normal. The patient developed a proximal small bowel obstruction which appeared to be related to this omental caking in the left upper quadrant on CT. Gastroduodenoscopy did not display any mass lesion. There was an external compression of the duodenum which could not be traversed with the scope. Laparoscopy showed a widespread peritoneal carcinomatosis. Biopsies of the omentum and peritoneum confirmed metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma (cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 20 positive). The patient was palliated but died 2 weeks after his diagnosis.
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PMID:Metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma of unknown primary source. 2453 55

Small-bowel ischemia and necrosis due to knotting of the peritoneal catheter is an extremely rare complication related to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). A 3-month-old girl, with a history of Chiari II malformation and myelomeningocele (MM) after undergoing right occipital VPS insertion and MM repair at birth, presented to the emergency department with a high-grade fever. Examination of a CSF sample obtained via shunt tap raised suspicion for the presence of infection. Antibiotic therapy was initiated, and subsequently the VPS was removed and an external ventricular drain was placed. Intraoperatively, as attempts at pulling the distal catheter from the scalp incision were met with resistance, the distal catheter was cut and left in the abdomen while the remainder of the shunt system was successfully removed. While the patient was awaiting definitive shunt revision surgery to replace the VPS, she developed abdominal distension due to small-bowel obstruction. An emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed a knot in the distal catheter looping around and strangulating the distal ileum, causing small-bowel ischemia and necrosis in addition to the obstruction. A small-bowel resection with ileostomy was performed, with subsequent placement of ventriculoatrial shunt for treatment of hydrocephalus. The authors report this exceedingly rare clinical scenario to highlight the fact that any retained distal catheter must be carefully managed with immediate abdominal exploration to remove the distal catheter to avoid bowel necrosis as pulling of a knotted peritoneal catheter may strangulate the bowel and cause ischemia, with significant clinical morbidity and possible mortality.
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PMID:Ventriculoperitoneal shunt with a rare twist: small-bowel ischemia and necrosis secondary to knotting of peritoneal catheter. 2499 17