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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Meconium ileus equivalent is a late intestinal occlusion occurring in patients suffering from mucoviscidosis. Three cases are reported in children aged, respectively, 3 years, 6 years and 10 years. In one of the observations (three year old girl), the intestinal obstruction with feces was first manifestation of a mucoviscidosis that was previously undetected. The radiological signs are identical to those found in cases of neonatal meconium ileus: intestinal obstruction and accumulation of closely spaced matter in a distended ileum (terminal part). As in cases of meconium ileus without complications, treatment consisted of enemas with water-soluble products. The high osmotic pressure of these products made it possible to remove the obstruction.
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PMID:[Intestinal obstruction with feces (meconium ileus equivalent) in the course of mucoviscidosis. Radiographic diagnosis (author's transl]. 43 Apr 55

Bile acid deconjugation was assessed by measuring specific activity of expired 14CO2 after the oral administration of cholyl-glycine-1-14C in 17 cases of intestinal obstruction, i.e. 15 mechanical and two paralytic. In the former, nine cases were operated and the remaining six cases were managed by the conservative treatment. Cumulative output of 14CO2 in breath for six hours before the treatment was 40.20=11.30 (mean+/-SEM) (control 2.96+/-1.16) but decreased to 6.86+/-3.64 after the treatment. Enteric bacteria capable of splitting amino moiety of the conjugated bile acid were found to be present more than 10(5)/ml. in the obstructed bowel content. Cumulative output of 14CO2 in breath for six hours in two paralytic ileus was lower than in controls. Deconjugated bile acid reported to inhibited water and electrolytes absorption in the small intestine may play an important role in fluid retention in intestinal obstruction.
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PMID:Bile acid deconjugation in intestinal obstruction studied by breath test. 57 83

The effect on ileostomy function of codeine phosphate, Lomotil, or Isogel was tested in 20 subjects at home living a normal life, studied over two three-day periods on and off treatment. Codeine phosphate 60 mg three times daily was associated with a reduction in the mean total weight of ileostomy output and the ileostomy outputs of water, sodium, and potassium (p < 0.05). The proportion of faecal solids increased on codeine and the effluent appeared thicker but the output of faecal solids remained unchanged. Mean faecal fat increased on codeine. The transit rate from mouth to stoma was slower in four of the five subjects on codeine and a further two subjects withdrew from the trial with temporary intestinal obstruction while on the drug. Lomotil two tablets three times daily was associated with a small and statistically not quite significant fall in the mean total weight of ileostomy output and the ileostomy output of water. Sodium and potassium outputs in the effluent fell on Lomotil (p < 0.05) but the other parameters remained unchanged. Isogel 15 ml three times daily was associated with an increase in the mean total weight of ileostomy output and the ileostomy outputs of water, sodium, potassium, and faecal solids (p < 0.01). Although the effluent looked more viscid on Isogel, the proportion of faecal solids was unchanged. These results suggest that codeine phosphate has a beneficial effect on ileostomy function, reducing the loss of water and electrolytes, while Lomotil has a similar but less effective action in the dosage tested. By contrast, Isogel increases the ileostomy loss of water and electrolytes and will aggravate their depletion in patients with excessive fluid effluents. The increase in faecal fat associated with taking codeine phosphate suggests that it should be stopped before collecting specimens for faecal fat estimations.
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PMID:Effect of codeine phosphate, Lomotil, and Isogel on iileostomy function. 65 67

Out of series of 237 colonic aganglionisms (1965--1977) 32 cases (13%) showed a clincial, radiological and manometric syndrome of "incompetent ileocaecal valve". Symptoms were vomiting, constipation with bouts of diarrhea, incomplete intestinal obstruction and failure to thrive. Sixteen cases were under P-3 weight percentiles. Initial diagnosis were aganglionism (10 cases), hiatal hernia (4 cases) and N.E.C. (1 case). Seventeen patients were explored through an iliac incision in the first three months of life. Ileocaecal continence was minimal (less than 25 cm. of water pressure). Ilocaecoplication was performed and completed with internal sphincterectomy (10 cases), colostomy (1 case) and caecostomy (3 cases). This new syndrome has been experimentally studied, but its etiology remains obscure. It introduces a bad prognostic component in aganglionism. Ileocaecoplication, a very simple operation, can be a lifesaving procedure.
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PMID:[Ileocaecal valve incompetence. A new syndrome (author's transl)]. 74 65

The authors present the results of a study of the amount of water and potassium in small samples of skeletal muscle and of the intestinal wall of albino rats. Five groups of 10 animals were separated according to the following conditions: peritonitis, pyloric obstruction, intestinal obstruction, mesenteric ischemia and a control group. The results suggest that skeletal muscle is capable of buffering the increased amount of potassium liberated by the tissues which undergo acute trauma, until a critical concentration is reached. Further studies are needed to clarify some of the conflicting results obtained.
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PMID:[Metabolic response and aggression: potassium and water content of skeletal muscles]. 82 84

Disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance may occur in the horse as a consequence of many disease processes. Disorders may be classified into 3 main categories, primary water loss, mixed water and electrolyte depletion and acid base disturbances. This paper reviews the changes which occur with each type of disorder and discusses methods of diagnosis and assessment of such imbalances. The principles of treatment are described and the management of fluid replacement therapy in 3 of the disorders, mainly acute intestinal obstruction, inability to drink and diarrohea is discussed.
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PMID:A review of the diagnosis and treatment of fluid and electrolyte disorders in the horse. 83 3

The use of barium sulfate as the contrast agent of choice in the radiographic evaluation of distal neonatal intestinal obstruction is advocated. The advantages of Gastrografin or other water-soluble contrast materials are far outweighed by their disadvantages, which include the hazards of hypertonic dehydration and the danger of missing the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Five patients are presented, all of whom had the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease missed in the neonatal period with one use of Gastrografin enemas. All five were subsequently admitted to the Surgical Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, critically ill with enterocolitis of Hirschsprung's disease.
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PMID:Distal neonatal intestinal obstruction: the choice of contrast material. 100 93

High fecal impaction resulted in complete bowel obstruction in 2 children following renal transplantation and in one adult on chemotherapy and narcotics. The usual methods of relief failed, and water-soluble contrast enemas with a high osmolality were employed. Fluoroscopic control assured placement of the enema fluid at the site of obstruction, where it was very effective in relieving the impaction. It is suggested that such high-osmolality enemas be considered in patients with severe high fecal impactions before surgery is contemplated.
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PMID:Releif of severe fecal impactions with water-soluble contrast enemas. 109 Sep 80

Ileostomy function was studied in 12 patients with an established ileostomy following proctocolectomy, in 6 of whom minimal amounts (less than 9 cm) and in 6 significant amounts (30-120 cm, mean 60 cm) of terminal ileum had been removed. Patients who had undergone significant ileal resection had daily faecal volumes considerably greater than those with minimal ileal resection (1202 +/- 284 ml versus 401 +/- 92 ml, P less than 0.001), and also greater daily outputs of sodium (146 +/- 53 mEq versus 43 +/- 12 mEq) and potassium (12.7 +/- 9.0 mEq versus 4.0 +/- 0.99 mEq). The percentage water content of the ileostomy fluid was greater in patients who had had the ileum resected (93.1 +/- 1.8% versus 89.8 +/- 2.5%). In addition, the sodium/potassium ratio in the urine in patients with a properly acting ileostomy after ileal resection was low. It is concluded that when recurrent inflammatory bowel disease, partial small bowel obstruction and intraperitoneal sepsis have been excluded there remains a number of patients whose high ileostomy output is due entirely to the amount of ileum resected. The management of patients with a high output ileostomy with codeine phosphate, Lomotil and oral administration of sodium chloride tablets is discussed.
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PMID:Cause and management of high volume output salt-depleting ileostomy. 117 16

A series of 127 consecutive patients with symptoms and signs and radiological features suggestive of acute small bowel obstruction underwent water-soluble contrast small bowel follow-through examination. A dose of 100 ml of Gastrograffin in adults, or 20-50 ml in children, was injected via a nasogastric tube and supine plain abdominal radiographs were taken at 30 min and 4 h after administration. If contrast passed to the colon a non-operative course was followed. If there was a clear cut-off in contrast level in the small bowel or if contrast failed to pass into the large bowel by 4 h, patients underwent laparotomy. Based on these radiological findings 15 patients (11.8%) underwent surgery and all had established small bowel obstruction at laparotomy. The remaining 112 patients were successfully managed conservatively. Water-soluble contrast radiology is safe, easy to use and to interpret, and is a major benefit in differentiating mechanical from other causes of small bowel obstruction. Our experience indicates that this underused technique is of significant value in identifying those patients who require urgent surgery.
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PMID:The value of water-soluble contrast radiology in the management of acute small bowel obstruction. 847 88


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