Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
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Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (
bowel obstruction
)
9,927
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Obstructive bowel disorders (OBD) are characterized by lumen distention due to mechanical or functional obstruction in the gut. Abdominal pain is one of the main symptoms in OBD. In this article, we aim to critically review the potential mechanisms for acute and chronic pain in
bowel obstruction
(BO). While clustered contractions and associated increase of intraluminal pressure may account for colicky pain in simple obstruction, ischemia may be involved in acute pain in severe conditions such as closed loop obstruction. Recent preclinical studies discovered that visceral sensitivity is increased in BO, and visceral hypersensitivity may underlie the mechanisms of chronic abdominal pain in BO. Mounting evidence suggests that lumen distension, as a circumferential mechanical stretch, alters gene expression (mechano-transcription) in the distended bowel, and mechano-transcription of nociceptive and inflammatory mediators plays a critical role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity in BO. Mechano-transcription of nerve growth factor (NGF) in gut smooth muscle cells is found to increase voltage-gated Na
+
channel (Na
v
) activity of the primary sensory neurons by up-regulating expression of TTX-resistant Na
v
1.8, whereas mechanical stretch-induced
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
(
BDNF
) reduces K
v
currents especially A-type (IA) currents by down-regulating expression of specific IA subtypes such as K
v
1.4. The NGF and
BDNF
mediated changes in gene expression and channel functions in the primary sensory neurons may constitute the main mechanisms of visceral hypersensitivity in OBD. In addition, mechanical stretch-induced COX-2 and other inflammatory mediators in the gut may also contribute to abdominal pain by activating and sensitizing nociceptors.
...
PMID:Novel Insights Into the Mechanisms of Abdominal Pain in Obstructive Bowel Disorders. 2993 20
Neurotrophic factors are traditionally recognized for their roles in differentiation, growth, and survival of specific neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Some neurotrophic factors are essential for the development and migration of the enteric nervous system along the fetal and post-natal gut. Over the last two decades, several non-developmental functions of neurotrophic factors have been characterized. In the adult gastrointestinal tract, neurotrophic factors regulate gut sensation, motility, epithelial barrier function, and protect enteric neurons and glial cells from damaging insults in the microenvironment of the gut. In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Fu et al demonstrate that
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
plays a role in the pathogenesis of distention-induced abdominal pain in
bowel obstruction
. In light of this interesting finding, this mini-review highlights some of the recent advances in understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of neurotrophic factors in the adult gut.
...
PMID:Neurotrophic factors in enteric physiology and pathophysiology. 3025 10
