Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Colonic diverticulitis is frequently complicated by bowel obstruction, abscess, perforation and fistula formation. We report a unique case of colonic diverticulitis complicated by colovenous fistulization with Gastrografin enema examination demonstrating thrombus in the inferior mesenteric vein.
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PMID:Colovenous fistula complicating diverticulitis. Demonstration by contrast enema. 727 May 43

Meconium ileus was noted as an early manifestation of cystic fibrosis in 60 neonates between 1972 and 1991. There were 20 girls and 40 boys. A family history of cystic fibrosis was present in six children. Twenty-five neonates had uncomplicated meconium ileus due to inspissated meconium within the terminal ileum. Thirty-five neonates presented with 56 complications of meconium ileus, including volvulus (n = 22), atresia (n = 20), perforation (n = 6), and giant cystic meconium peritonitis (n = 8). Clinical presentation included abdominal distension, bilious vomiting, and failure to pass meconium. In two recent cases, prenatal ultrasonography detected a mass with proximal bowel distension indicative of cystic meconium peritonitis. Mechanical bowel obstruction in the other neonates was diagnosed from plain abdominal radiographs and barium enema. Ten patients with uncomplicated meconium ileus were successfully treated with a diatrizoate meglumine (Gastrografin) enema. The remaining 15 patients required a laparotomy, with 9 treated by bowel resection and enterostomy and 6 recent cases managed with enterotomy and irrigation. Complicated cases were managed by bowel resection and anastomosis (n = 15) or enterostomy (n = 20). Survival at 1 year was 92% in patients with uncomplicated meconium ileus and 89% for those with complicated meconium ileus. The therapy of choice for uncomplicated meconium ileus is nonoperative Gastrografin enema, with enterotomy and irrigation reserved for enema failures. Complicated cases require exploration and, in the absence of giant cystic meconium peritonitis, are usually amenable to bowel resection and primary anastomosis.
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PMID:Contemporary management of meconium ileus. 833 77

Intestinal obstruction due to milk curds syndrome may present with a clinical picture and radiological findings which suggest the correct diagnosis. This type of intestinal obstruction usually affects neonates, previously healthy, with concentrated formula feeding. Surgical treatment may be avoided in some cases by the administration of Gastrografin enemas. Two patients with milk curd obstruction treatment in our Hospital, are presented.
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PMID:[Intestinal obstruction caused by milk curds in newborns]. 835 32

In 115 patients with clinical and radiological signs of small and/or large bowel obstruction the contrast enema of the colon was evaluated prospectively to localize the site of occlusion in the colon. Contrast enema was performed in 76 patients with Gastrografin and in 39 with barium. In 22 of 24 patients with large bowel obstruction, in 7 of 11 with combined small and large bowel obstruction, in 4 of 14 with small bowel obstruction and in 19 of 66 with partial obstruction the site of obstruction was identified in the colon. In 107 of 115 patients the site of intestinal obstruction in the colon was either confirmed or excluded (sensitivity 89.2%, specificity 96.6%). In 6 patients the contrast enema failed due to incontinence, missing cooperation or insufficient preparation. In two cases with coprostasis the occlusion was missinterpreted as a carcinoma. Electrolytes and serum fluid concentration before and after the enema were not significantly influenced using the different contrast media. Contrast enema is indicated in patients with intestinal obstruction of unknown site, malignancies, after radiation therapy and recurrent partial obstruction.
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PMID:[The value of colon contrast enema in ileus diagnosis]. 837 21

The therapeutic effect of gastrografin is occasionally mentioned in the literature. However, this effect has not been objectively evaluated. We studied prospectively the effect of Gastrografin in cases of adhesive, simple, partial, small bowel obstruction (SBO) compared to conventional management. During 3 years, a total of 137 episodes of simple, partial SBO in 127 patients (10 recurrent episodes) were treated. The episodes were randomized into a control group (80 episodes), treated conventionally, and a trial group (77 episodes), which received in addition 100 ml of Gastrografin administered through the nasogastric tube. The two groups were well-matched with regard to age, gender, weight, medical and surgical background and duration of complaints before admission. Time to first stool and resolution of obstruction, complications, need for surgery, and hospital stay were noted. Mean time to first stool was significantly shorter in the trial group: 6.2 +/- 3.9 hours vs 23.5 +/- 12.7 (p < .0001). Mean hospital stay for unoperated patients was also shorter in the trial group: 2.7 +/- 2 days vs 5.5 +/- 2 days, (p < .0001). In addition, significantly fewer episodes in the trial group required operation, 10.4 vs 26.7% (p < 0.013). 1 patient in each group dies following operation. There were no Gastrografin-related complications and it was effective and safe for adhesive, partial, simple SBO. It significantly speeds resolution of obstruction, reduces the need for operation, and shortens convalescence.
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PMID:[Gastrografin for mechanical partial, small bowel obstruction due to adhesions]. 922 76

Paraduodenal hernia is a rare condition in which the small bowel loops are herniated into an unusual fossa in the periduodenal area. We treated a patient with paraduodenal hernia diagnosed preoperatively. A 28-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a large tumor adjacent to the pancreas. Provisional diagnosis made according to computed tomography (CT) findings was tumor of the pancreas tail. However, on a CT scan performed after the administration of diatrizoate meglumine/diatrizoate sodium (Gastrografin, Schering, Berlin, Germany) the mass was shown as a jejunum loop located between the stomach and the pancreas body. Subsequent laparotomy revealed that the jejunum loop was herniated into an unusually large mesocolic fossa and that the hernial orifice was covered by the adhesion between the transverse and descending colons. It seemed that the small intestine within the mesocolic fossa was strangulated by this adhesion. The patient's abdominal pain resolved postoperatively. These observations suggest that paraduodenal hernia should be suspected in patients with chronic, atypical abdominal pain, regardless of the findings for small bowel obstruction.
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PMID:Unusual variant of left paraduodenal hernia herniated into the mesocolic fossa leading to jejunal strangulation. 977 41

This study seeks to determine whether a 6-hour abdominal radiograph after oral Gastrografin is a reliable indicator for nonoperative treatment in patients with a clinically equivocal small bowel obstruction. We collected retrospective data from medical records. Patients who received a Gastrografin transit time (GGTT) study between January 1995 and September 1998 were included in the study. Patients who did not appear to be obvious operative candidates, but had signs of intestinal obstruction, underwent a GGTT study. Serial plain abdominal radiographs were taken. If the contrast was in the colon within 6 hours, then the result was negative. A total of 418 GGTT studies were reviewed. Contrast reached the colon within 6 hours in 283 (68%) patients, and 247 (88%) of these patients were managed nonoperatively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of Gastrografin reaching the colon within 6 hours were 48, 87, 64, and 78, respectively. False negatives included high-grade partial obstructions that ultimately required surgery. Recent operation preceded the GGTT in 128 (31%) cases. Of these 128 patients, only 17 (14%) received an operation. Although the decision to operate or not should never be based on a GGTT study alone, GGTT studies are of significant help in the clinical management of patients suspected to have a small bowel obstruction. GGTT allows for the judicious selection of the appropriate patient for nonoperative management. GGTT studies are cost effective, safe, and clinically useful when attempting to treat patients conservatively.
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PMID:The use of water-soluble contrast in evaluating clinically equivocal small bowel obstruction. 1075 92

Meconium ileus equivalent is one of the lesser-known manifestations of cystic fibrosis. It manifests as distant small bowel obstruction caused by meconium-like stool plugs and occurs mostly in adult patients. With the improved overall survival of patients with cystic fibrosis, general surgeons may encounter this condition more often in the future. We treated a 19-year-old woman with cystic fibrosis who presented with complete distal small bowel obstruction. Medical therapy with Gastrografin and N-acetylcysteine failed to resolve the obstruction. At surgery, a meconium-like plug in the distal ileum was manually pushed into the colon with subsequent relief of symptoms. Meconium ileus equivalent should be considered and treated in cystic fibrosis patients presenting with small bowel obstruction.
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PMID:Failure of medical treatment in an adult cystic fibrosis patient with meconium ileus equivalent. 1586 98

Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) commonly develop intestinal obstruction. The gastrointestinal transit time in turtles tends to be longer than in other animals, making a rapid diagnosis of obstruction difficult. Fifteen red-eared sliders were given either Gastrografin or 30% w/v barium sulfate orally to compare ease of administration, transit time, and image quality. Each contrast medium was easy to administer but barium sulfate had to be administered more slowly (mean = 40s) than Gastrografin (mean = 20s) to prevent regurgitation. The mean transit and emptying time of Gastrografin was at least 9 h faster than barium sulfate at all time points except gastric transit. Both contrast media had a smooth, uniform appearance that outlined the mucosa with well-defined margins within the stomach and proximal small intestine. Dilution of Gastrografin occurred as it progressed through the intestines, resulting in decreased opacity in the distal small intestine and colon. Pre-administration packed cell volume and total serum protein levels of four turtles receiving Gastrografin were compared with levels at 24-, 96-, and 168-hours postadministration as well as to four control turtles not receiving contrast medium. Packed cell volume and total serum protein levels did not significantly differ among the Gastrografin and control group. From a clinical perspective, administration of Gastrografin allows for quicker results with only minor hematologic changes in red-eared sliders, but visualization of this contrast medium in the lower gastrointestinal tract may be insufficient for an accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Comparison of Gastrografin to barium sulfate as a gastrointestinal contrast agent in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). 2016 92

A 46-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital for chronic abdominal pain, persistent diarrhea and discharge of proglottids for 7 years. He had been living in Lao People's Democratic Republic. Ileography using meglumine/diatrizoate sodium (Gastrografin) revealed a long tapeworm. A Taenia saginata including the scolex was excreted through the intestinal tract by the administration of total 780 ml of Gastrografin. Taeniasis is an important disease in the differential diagnosis of imported diseases in Japan. Parasite infection should be suspected in patients with chronic abdominal pain or persistent diarrhea regardless of the findings for small bowel obstruction when there is a history of overseas travel.
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PMID:Long-term Taenia saginata infection successfully treated with meglumine/diatrizoate sodium. 2224 86


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