Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be fatal to patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), it usually causes few, if any, symptoms. The virus has an affinity for the alimentary tract, especially the ileum and right colon. CMV infections of the gut are often erosive, resulting in enterocolitis, hemorrhage, or intestinal perforation. Inflammatory mass formation is rare. Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma are established causes of bowel obstruction in patients with AIDS. This report describes a case of ileocecal obstruction due to a discrete CMV-induced pseudotumor in a patient with AIDS.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus pseudotumor presenting as bowel obstruction in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 131 95

Retroperitoneal soft-tissue tumors are rare in infancy. In this report, we describe a distinctive hemangioendothelioma occurring in the retroperitoneum of a 10-month-old baby girl. This lesion was complicated by obstructive jaundice, intestinal obstruction, and thrombocytopenia (Kasabach-Merritt syndrome) leading to intracranial hemorrhage. The microscopic features of this tumor, characterized by infiltrative lobules of spindle cells and capillaries, are distinct from those of other well-recognized vasoformative tumors. In some areas, the tumor shows a striking resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma; criss-crossing fascicles of spindle cells are interspersed with narrow vascular spaces, but PAS-positive hyaline globules are absent. The tumor can also be distinguished from the cellular hemangioma of childhood by its well-formed spindle cell fascicles. Several histologically similar cases have been reported. All of them occurred in the retroperitoneum of infants and were frequently complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. We therefore propose the designation "Kaposi-like infantile hemangioendothelioma" for this unusual neoplasm.
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PMID:Kaposi-like infantile hemangioendothelioma. A distinctive vascular neoplasm of the retroperitoneum. 843 12

Thirty-six major abdominal operations were performed on 35 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) patients (33 men, two women). Twenty-two elective operations were indicated for diagnosis of abdominal or retroperitoneal mass (6), incomplete bowel obstruction (5), intra-abdominal infection (4), biliary symptoms (3), thrombocytopenia (3), and toxic megacolon (1). Fourteen emergency operations were for perforated viscus or peritonitis (11), massive gastrointestinal bleeding (2), and cecal volvulus (1). In 5 of 22 (23%) elective operations AIDS was unknown to the treating physicians until diagnosed by the surgical pathology; in contrast, all 14 emergency operations were in patients who had a known diagnosis of AIDS. The operative findings were related to AIDS in 34 of 36 (94%) operations. Cytomegalovirus was the most common pathogen, isolated or identified microscopically in 11 patients (eight emergency and three elective operations). Mycobacterial infections presented as retroperitoneal adenopathy or splenic abscess in six patients. Non-Hodgkins lymphoma was the most common malignancy found, presenting as an abdominal mass (4), bowel obstruction (3), or with gastrointestinal bleeding (2). Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed at laparotomy in four patients. The 1-month operative mortality rate for elective operation was 9% (2 of 22) and 46% (6 of 13) in emergencies. Postoperative complications included 1 reoperation for sepsis caused by inadequately resected CMV colitis; 1 pancreatic fistula; 1 wound dehiscence, and 2 minor wound infections.
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PMID:Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Indications for abdominal surgery, pathology, and outcome. 255 44

Visceral Kaposi's sarcoma is a common manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Most lesions are clinically silent, detected only by radiographic or endoscopic studies. We report the first instance of AIDS-related jejunal Kaposi's sarcoma presenting with small intestinal obstruction due to intussusception. Gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma is a clinical problem that may occur more frequently in the future.
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PMID:Adult intussusception in association with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and intestinal Kaposi's sarcoma. 318 68

Persistent diarrhoea with mucus-production developed in a 37 year homosexual man, and an initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was made after barium enema examination and rectal biopsy. The patient later developed cutaneous lesions which proved to be Kaposi's sarcoma, and the bowel lesion was also subsequently shown to be Kaposi's sarcoma. This tumour occurred as a manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The patient was treated with alpha interferon, with partial regression of the skin lesions, but progression of the bowel tumour. Because of severe bowel symptoms, including episodes of subacute intestinal obstruction, the localised bowel disease was treated with radiotherapy. In view of the increasing incidence of AIDS, a diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma must be considered in homosexual men presenting with persistent diarrhoea, for which no infectious cause can be demonstrated.
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PMID:Kaposi's sarcoma of the bowel--presenting as apparent ulcerative colitis. 397 77

Despite the increasing number of patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, surgical experience with these patients remains limited. A retrospective review over a 9 year period (January 1985 to December 1993) was undertaken to determine the indications, operative management, pathologic findings and outcome of major abdominal surgery in these patients. A total of 51 procedures were performed in 45 patients; 30 patients had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 15 patients had asymptomatic HIV infection. Indications included gastrointestinal bleeding, complicated pancreatic pseudocysts, cholelithiasis, bowel obstruction, immune disorders, acute abdomens, elective laparotomy, colostomy formation, menorrhagia and Caesarean section. Pathologic findings directly related to the HIV infection were found in 81% of the AIDS patients and 35% of the asymptomatic HIV infected patients (P < 0.05). These included opportunistic infections, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, immune disorders, lymphadenopathy and pancreatic pseudocysts. It was noted that AIDS patients had more complications than asymptomatic HIV infected patients with most complications related to chest problems and sepsis (61 vs 7%; P < 0.01). Emergency operations carried a higher complication rate than elective operations though this was not significant. The hospital mortality was 12%. On follow up, 13 of the 25 AIDS patients had died with the median survival of 7 months, while three of the 14 asymptomatic HIV infected patients had died with the median survival of 40 months. Of the remaining patients, the 12 AIDS patients had a median postoperative follow up of 7 months and the 11 asymptomatic HIV infected patients had a median postoperative follow up of 29.5 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Abdominal surgery in HIV/AIDS patients: indications, operative management, pathology and outcome. 774 74

We report the case history of a 28-year-old homosexual man of Caucasian origin whose diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established one year before admission on the basis of a positive human immunodeficiency virus serology and cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma. Severe postprandial vomiting pointed to bowel obstruction in an emaciated, poor risk patient. Endoscopy revealed multifocal, violaceous tumours throughout the upper gastrointestinal tract which, eventually, obstructed the duodenum. Histology confirmed the putative diagnosis of gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma, which responded well to monochemotherapy with vincristine. Significant clinical improvement and repeat endoscopy indicated tumour regression and resolution of bowel obstruction.
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PMID:Successful monochemotherapy of extensive gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma with bowel obstruction in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 787 60

Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) can present with acute abdominal surgical problems, either with intra-abdominal opportunistic infection as a result of their immunosuppression, or with associated malignancies. We report a 39-year-old man who developed intermittent nausea and vomiting, which was originally thought to be a side-effect of the chemotherapy he was receiving for facial Kaposi's sarcoma. However, he was found to have intraperitoneal Kaposi's sarcoma causing small bowel obstruction, which was successfully excised at laparotomy. There were no perioperative complications despite AIDS-related respiratory disease. The patient remained free of abdominal symptoms until his death. HIV infections or AIDS alone should not be contraindications to surgery for such problems, as careful patient selection can yield good results and significantly improve quality of life.
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PMID:Palliative surgery for acute bowel obstruction caused by Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS. 1280 Apr 71

Classic Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) may affect mucosa, especially oral cavity and any part of the gastrointestinal tract. It has been reported in 10% of patients with classic KS. We report a 35-year old male patient with primary classic KS in jejunum that presented with bowel obstruction. Primary presentation of classic KS in the gastrointestinal tract is very infrequent. There have only been 9 cases of primary KS in colon reported in literature, and none in jejunum. This is the first primary classic KS in jejunum described in our country. Likewise, we recommend that certain patients with classic KS should have an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to determine compromise. The few gastrointestinal KS reported cases may be due to subdiagnosis.
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PMID:[Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in jejunum: case report]. 1623 74

Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma remains the most common cancer in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in AIDS patients. Primary visceral Kaposi's sarcoma (Kaposi's sarcoma without cutaneous lesions) presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) has rarely been reported. Though Kaposi's sarcoma can occur anywhere in gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal symptoms are often non-specific such as chronic blood loss anaemia, vomiting, diarrhoea, intestinal obstruction. In these patients, severe gastrointestinal bleeding requiring repeated blood transfusions is extremely rare. Clinicians should be aware of gastrointestinal tract Kaposi's sarcoma since visceral Kaposi's sarcoma can present in the absence of cutaneous involvement. Endoscopy with biopsy is useful in the diagnosis for severe LGIB in patients with AIDS. Furthermore, gastrointestinal Kaposi's sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of GI bleeding. We report a case of primary colonic KS who presented with recurrent GI bleeding which was eventually diagnosed by sigmoidoscopy and confirmed pathologically.
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PMID:Recurrent lower gastrointestinal bleeding due to primary colonic Kaposi's sarcoma in a patient with AIDS. 2397 Jun 16


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