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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The treatment for acute mechanical intestinal obstruction is a timely operation. A select group of patients may, however, be nutritionally supported with continual administration of elemental diet proximal to long tube decompression under two sets of circumstances: 1. while awaiting spontaneous or treatment-induced resolution of the underlying process, and 2. while reversing catabolism during evaluation prior to operation. Eleven patients with chronic intermittent bowel obstruction were studied: six with obstruction involving radiated small bowel, three with an acute exacerbation of chronic inflammatory bowel disease, one with obstruction secondary to an intra-abdominal phlegmon and one with a segmental motility problem. They received nutritional support with continual gastrointestinal administration of elemental diet proximal to long tube decompression after initial observation for signs or symptoms of altered intestinal viability and stabilization of fluid and electrolyte status. Six of the 11 patients eventually required operation. All patients maintained body weight and three gained weight. Mean nutritional input was 1,873 calories and 12.6 gm nitrogen/day. There were no complications related to the technique of proximal feeding and distal decompression because of careful patient selection and appropriate administration of elemental diet under carefully controlled guidelines.
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PMID:Distal decompression and proximal feeding for nutritional support during bowel obstruction. 10 31

Complications of diverticula of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, exclusive of Meckel's diverticula are extremely rare but can produce major diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Major reported complications include hemorrhage, perforation, biliary and pancreatic obstruction, and inflammation with intestinal obstruction. The mortality of complicated duodenal diverticula is reported from 33 to 48%. Our experience with some of these complications is reported. This experience and a review of other reported cases have led to the following recommendations for surgical treatment. 1) Massively bleeding duodenal diverticulum. Precise localization of the bleeding point by endoscopy and/or arteriography is highly desirable. Excision or partial excision of the diverticulum with suture ligation of the bleeding point is necessary. 2) Perforated duodenal diverticulum. Excision or partial excision, secure closure and drainage are necessary. If peri-Vaterian, a probe should be passed through the ampulla of Vater via the common duct. Unless an entirely satisfactory closure is achieved, complete diversion of the enteric stream from the duodenum by vagotomy, antrectomy with closure of duodenal stump, and Billroth II anastomosis is recommended. 3) Choledochal obstruction due to duodenal diverticulum. Choledocho-duodenostomy. 4) Perforation, bleeding, or obstruction due to jejunal or ileal diverticulum. In rare cases, local excision of the diverticulum is feasible. Usually, resection of the involved segment with primary anastomosis is indicated.
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PMID:Major complications of small bowel diverticula. 11 37

The hallmark of intestinal obstruction, whether due to a mechanical cause or to absence of peristalsis, is the intraluminal accumulation of fluid. The presence of air simply makes it easier to visualize dilated fluid-filled loops of plain radiographs. When gas is absent, secondary to vomiting or to cessation of air swallowing, the fluid-filled loops may be difficult to identify. In closed loop obstruction, air cannot enter the involved bowel, and in this situation sonography may provide important information concerning the status of the intestinal tract. In nonstrangulating obstruction, sonography offers confirmatory evidence of dilated fluid-filled loops of bowel. In some instances, ultrasonography may correctly identify the gastrointestinal tract origin of a problem thus enabling appropriate management of the patient. We describe three patients in whom ultrasound enabled prompt diagnosis of fluid-filled loops.
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PMID:Diagnosis of small bowel obstruction: the contribution of diagnostic ultrasound. 11 13

Skin tests (ST) in 1332 patients are associated with increased morbidity from sepsis. Patients with normal skin tests had a 7% major sepsis rate and 2% mortality rate. Thirty-six per cent of anergic (A) patients and 21% of relatively anergic (RA) patients died; 52% of A patients and 34% of RA patients had sepsis. These data include all patients studied and represent their worst skin test. Two studies were done. The first was a retrospective evaluation of effect of surgery upon 49 anergic patients with biliary tract disease, colon cancer, bowel obstruction, hypovolemia and visceral abscesses. The patients did not receive total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The data show that surgery without TPN can reverse the anergic state and did so in 84% of patients reported. The second study was a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial of the effect of levamisole on skin tests, neutrophil chemotaxis (CTX), sepsis and mortality iin 39 preoperative anergic patients. Major sepsis was significantly increased in placebo group (p less than 0.05). Mortality, minor sepsis, restoration of skin tests and chemotaxis were somewhat better in levamisole patients but not statistically so. These studies show that in addition to TPN, surgery and immunorestorative drugs are viable approaches to the management of selected anergic patients.
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PMID:Therapeutic approaches to anergy in surgical patients. Surgery and levamisole. 11 27

Intraperitoneal breakage of a transabdominal tuboplastic prosthesis was reported. Incomplete small bowel obstruction may be predisposed by the open loop formed by transperitoneal placement. Avoidance of re-exploration, an intent of the technique, is obviated by stent breakage.
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PMID:Case report: mechanical failure of a spinal transabdominal teflon stent in tuboplasty. 12 64

The primary use of laparoscopy is as a surgical tool, with sterilizations being the overwhelming indication. The laparoscope is used less frequently as a non-surgical tool, with the major indication being for diagnosing infertility and/or amenorrhea, and for evaluation of obscure pelvic pain. There would seem to be several indications for laparoscopy that have been neglected, these being in confirming the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease; in the evaluation of malignancies and abdominal-pelvic trauma; and the surgical treatment of pelvic pain. Lapar-The majority of these contraindications are relative, and depend soley on the laparoscopist's ability and his clinical judgment. The problems of hernias seem to have been over-emphasized. The laparoscopist should be aware of potential problems with umbilical hernia, and he probably can ignore hiatal hernias except when they are large and quite symptomatic. However, generalized abdominal peritonitis, significant hemoperitoneum with intestinal obstruction are felt by most authors to be absolute contraindications. The most frequent complications of laparoscopy involve the physoperitoneum. Except for cardiac arrest the most serious complications involve electrical burns to small bowel.
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PMID:Indications, contraindications and complications of laparoscopy. 12 9

Peritoneal adhesions were created in rats by brisk scrubbing of the terminal part of the ileum. Adhesions were graded by total number and the presence of small bowel obstruction. Adhesion prophylaxis was evaluated using dexamethasone, methylprednisolone sodium succinate, promethazine hydrochloride, and human fibrinolysin (Thrombolysin) in various combinations, doses, and routes of administration. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone, depending on the route of administration, modified the total number of adhesions but did not modify their severity when compared to control animals. Promethazine by itself modified peritoneal adhesions in the rat. Used together, methylprednisolone and promethazine also modified adhesions, but were not substantially better than the combination of dexamethasone and promethazine. Methylprednisolone, promethazine, and human fibrinolyzin, when used in combination intraperitoneally, virtually eliminated adhesion formation.
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PMID:Prevention of peritoneal adhesions in the rat. The effects of dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, promethazine, and human fibrinolysin. 12 75

A new technic for the application of retention sutures is described. Intestinal obstruction caused by the entrapped intestine between the retention suture and the abdominal wall is practically eradicated with this technic.
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PMID:Extraperitoneal retention sutures. 13 Aug 8

Thirteen cases of diaphragmatic rupture following blunt trauma or gunshot wounds are presented. In 10 cases the diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture was made immediately following the injury, and the defect was closed by primary diaphragmatic suture. In three cases, the diagnosis was delayed for 3 to 16 years after the initial trauma. In all of them, abdominal organs such as the colon or liver had migrated into the thoracic cavity. One of them had acute intestinal obstruction and died following several unsuccessful operations. The remaining two patients required plastic repair of the diaphragmatic hernia by a Dacron patch, and both recovered. The clinical and pathological aspects of diaphragmatic rupture, the importance of early diagnosis and surgical correction, and the surgical approach to this entity are considered. The use of Dacron fabric in delayed closure of diaphragmatic defects is described.
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PMID:Traumatic rupture of diaphragm: surgical reconstruction with special reference to delayed closure. 14 85

Perforations of the uterus are of 2 types: 1) the IUD is completely in the peritoneal cavity; or 2) the IUD is partly in the peritoneal cavity, partly embedded in the uterine wall. The incidence of uterine perforation is 0.6, 0.6, 1.6 and 5.0/1000 for the loop, spiral, steel ring, and bows respectively; the type of applicator used may influence the rate. Devices similar to the Grafenberg ring and the Birnberg bow are associated with intestinal obstruction and predispose to bowel herniation. There is a virtual absence of endometrial reactions in the polythelene spirals and loops, which are pliable and unlikely to penetrate the intact uterine wall due to muscle contraction alone. Most perforations occur at the time of insertion; insertion during the early postpartum period or during the period of lactational amenorrhoea, or in the case of an undiagnosed pregnant uterus or an acutely anteflexed or retroflexed uterus can be the cause. Other factors are 1) the manner of insertion; 2) the consistency of the uterine wall and its position; and 3) the type of device and introducer used. Thorough knowledge of gynecological anatomy is required to avoid defective placements. The hypothesis of erosion of the uterine wall was based on misdiagnosis due to the use of plain films in cases of incomplete perforation; perforation is best diagnosed by hysterography. Although polyethylene devices are said to be free of irritation or adhesions inside the peritoneal cavity, laparotomy is probably the best treatment for all cases and particularly where the IUD is in an anterior position.
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PMID:Translocation of intrauterine contraceptive device. 14 10


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