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Query: UMLS:C0021843 (bowel obstruction)
 9,927 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a retrospective study the case sheets of 42 neonates are examined. They were infants with oesophageal atresias, small and large intestinal atresias, exomphalos and gastroschisis, diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal obstruction as well as two children with a ruptured spleen secondary to birth trauma. Various laboratory investigations such as the pH, pCO2, standard bicarbonate and serum electrolytes as well as the child's weight on admission and, if possible, the birth weight were evaluated. There was no definite relationship between the preoperative laboratory values and the chances of survival of surgical neonates except if the values were extreme. Infections and septicaemia were the most important causes of postoperative complications.
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PMID:Preoperative condition of neonates who have ultimately died. 52 38

Bacterial translocation (Bt) from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to systemic organs creates the possibility of Infection and sepsis in a great number of pathologic entities. In a mouse model of Intestinal Obstruction (IO), we evaluated the type of micro-organisms and the organs that bacteria frequent translocated. At 24 hours post-10, positive cultures where obtained at the MLN, portal, systemic circulation and peritoneal cavity, establishing that the translocation is bi-directional. The more frequent bacteria isolated were the Streptococcus group D, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., an clostridium. BT occurs at 24 hour post-OI and was due to increased intestinal permeability, at 48 hrs BT increased and related to the physical disruption of the mucosal barrier in the intestinal mucosa. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) response in this model was not altered, although a progressive decrease was observed at 48 hrs it was not significant, suggesting that the CMI play no role in the pathogenesis of BT. In the Control-Laparotomy group, CMI response was increased significantly at 48 hours, suggesting that a simple laparotomy boost the immune defense response.
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PMID:[Bacterial translocation in a model of intestinal obstruction. II. Bacteriological study and role of cellular immunity]. 184 60

Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common helminth to infect humans. Infection occurs when contaminated soil containing mature eggs is swallowed. Clinically, infection ranges from the asymptomatic carrier state to life-threatening pulmonary disease or intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis is most frequently established by identification of the eggs in stool specimens. Treatment with antiparasitic drugs is effective in preventing serious complications and eradicating the parasite from all members of the household.
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PMID:Ascariasis. 222 May 26

A retrospective survey was undertaken of 228 resected Meckel's diverticula to determine if there was any evidence of Campylobacter pylori infection in diverticula containing gastric mucosa. Among the 65 diverticula with gastric mucosa one was heavily infected with organisms having the morphological appearances of C pylori. The specimen had been removed from a six year old Samoan boy who had been admitted with small bowel obstruction. Infection and associated mucosal inflammatory infiltrate were limited to areas of gastric mucosa only. The detection of the organism at this site remote from the gastroduodenal environment suggests the organism may be transmitted by the orofaecal route.
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PMID:Campylobacter pylori infection in Meckel's diverticula containing gastric mucosa. 231 89

Two hundred and ten previously untreated patients with hodgkin's disease underwent staging laparotomy at one institution. Medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. The incidence of small bowel obstruction (SBO); whether or not the patient received abdominal radiotherapy and the portals used; whether or not the patient had undergone a previous operation for unrelated disease; and the outcome of operative treatment for the SBO were noted. Mean follow-up for all patients was 62.6 months (1 to 125 months). Ninety-two patients (Group I) were treated without radiotherapy; two developed SBO (2.2%). Patients treated with abdominal radiotherapy numbered 118 (Group II); seven developed SBO (5.9%). The difference between Groups I and II is not significant. Eighty-two received only paraaortic radiotherapy; two (2.4%) developed SBO. Thirty-six patients underwent combined paraaortic and bilateral iliac radiotherapy (Group IV); five developed SBO (13.9%). Data for Groups III and IV approach statistical significance (p = 0.053; Fisher Exact Test [two-Tail]). All obstructions were secondary to adhesions. Four patients in Group IV had significant morbidity associated with operative treatment of SBO. This was an infection in each case. Infections developed in these patients even when the bowel was not entered. Pneumonia and wound infections were most common. Careful evaluation postoperatively for signs of infection and aggressive pulmonary toilet are recommended.
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PMID:Effect of postoperative radiotherapy on the development of small bowel obstruction in patients undergoing staging laparotomy for Hodgkin's disease. 408 64

Infection with Ascaris lumbricoides, a roundworm that invades the human digestive tract, affects about 25% of the world's population. Manifestations of ascariasis vary and include constitutional symptoms, particularly pulmonary and gastrointestinal complaints. Complications include pneumonitis, intestinal obstruction, and damage to vital organs. Diagnosis is made in most cases by sampling stool for ova and parasites. Treatment with an anthelmintic agent is usually effective in mild cases, and prognosis is excellent. More severe infection may cause significant morbidity and require surgical intervention.
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PMID:Ascariasis. An infection to watch for in immigrants. 850 83

The influence of recently published guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society (SIS) on current surgical practice are not well documented. The appropriateness of antibiotic administration in a cohort of surgical patients undergoing elective and emergency surgery in a department of surgery in an urban, community-based, private, 560-bed teaching hospital was retrospectively reviewed. The following were the criteria defining administration as appropriate as modified from SIS guidelines: Prophylactic use: (1) started prior to operation; (2) spectrum appropriate to the specific operation; (3) duration </= 24 hours. Therapeutic use: (1) started prior to operation; (2) spectrum appropriate to pathology; (3) Duration </= 24 hours for contamination or "resectable" infection and </= 5 days for established infection in the absence of clinical evidence of persisting infection. Any switchover from an appropriate agent to another appropriate or inappropriate agent in the same patient in the absence of microbiologic or clinical indication was considered inappropriate administration. We reviewed the charts of 211 randomly selected patients who underwent elective (n = 132) or emergency (n = 79) procedures during 1996. The operations included gastrectomy (n = 22), appendectomy (n = 27), open (n = 5) or laparoscopic (n = 27) cholecystectomy, colectomy (n = 28), hysterectomy (n = 8), laparotomy for intestinal obstruction (n = 11), mastectomy (n = 26), and ventral hernia repair (n = 37). A total of 17 antibiotics were used for prophylaxis and 21 for therapy. In 156 patients (74%) the administration was considered inappropriate. Eight patients in the inappropriate group developed diarrhea (two cases of Clostridium difficile-induced colitis) compared to two cases of diarrhea in the appropriate group (nonsignificant). The average duration of administration after elective and emergency operations was 3.3 and 5. 7 days, respectively. The total expense for excessive duration of administration was $18,533. Many surgeons are not familiar with the spectrum of antimicrobials and often do not distinguish between prophylactic and therapeutic administration. Antibiotic usage in current surgical practice is often inappropriate, excessive, and chaotic.
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PMID:Antibiotic administration in patients undergoing common surgical procedures in a community teaching hospital: the chaos continues. 1008 88

The authors describe a case of abdominal angiostrongyliasis in an adult patient presenting acute abdominal pain caused by jejunal perforation. The case was unusual, as this affliction habitually involves the terminal ileum, appendix, cecum or ascending colon. The disease is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus costaricensis, whose definitive hosts are forest rodents while snails and slugs are its intermediate hosts. Infection in humans is accidental and occurs via the ingestion of snail or slug mucoid secretions found on vegetables, or by direct contact with the mucus. Abdominal angiostrongyliasis is clinically characterized by prolonged fever, anorexia, abdominal pain in the right-lower quadrant, and peripheral blood eosinophilia. Although usually of a benign nature, its course may evolve to more complicated forms such as intestinal obstruction or perforation likely to require a surgical approach. Currently, no efficient medication for the treatment of abdominal angiostrongyliasis is known to be available. In this study, the authors provide a review on the subject, considering its etiopathogeny, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Jejunal perforation caused by abdominal angiostrongyliasis. 1060 48

Infections, sepsis and multiple organ failure syndrome are associated with high morbidity and mortality in human and experimental small bowel transplantation (SBTx). These complications are attributed to bacterial translocation demonstrated in animal and human studies. Bacterial translocation (BT) is defined as the passage of viable bacteria from the intestinal lumen to other tissues or organs. BT has been associated with different clinical and experimental situations, hemorrhagic shock, trauma, bowel obstruction, immunodepression, total parenteral nutrition, antibiotics. Although BT has been investigated in several small and large animal models of SBTx, precise information on the mechanisms involved are not available. It is possible that the operative procedure by itself may promote BT for the interaction of a number of factors such as preservation, ischemia/reperfusion, abnormal motility, lymphatic disruption and aberrant systemic venous drainage, acute or chronic rejection and antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, the potent immunosuppressive therapy used in these patients may augment the deleterious effects caused by BT. In this review we examined the existing literature concerning BT with particular regard to intestinal transplantation, to better understand the alterations in the symbiotic relationship between immunocompromised host and his gut microflora after SBTx.
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PMID:[Transplantation of the intestines and bacterial translocation]. 1081 77

Abdominal pain is a common occurrence in older persons and a frequent catalyst for office and emergency room visits. Complaints must be investigated thoroughly because they often indicate serious underlying pathology such as Infection, mechanical obstruction, malignancy, biliary disease, cardiac problems, and GI ischemia. One means of overcoming a sprawling differential diagnosis is to determine whether the problem falls into one of four general categories: peritonitis, bowel obstruction, vascular catastrophe, or nonspecific abdominal pain. A comprehensive history, careful physical examination, and use of abdominal imaging studies facilitate effective assessment. As atypical presentations are frequently encountered in older persons, liberal use of ultrasound and contrast CT and early surgical consultation are recommended.
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PMID:Acute abdominal pain. Four classifications can guide assessment and management. 1189 47


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