Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021831 (enteropathy)
 4,403 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Up to 5% of the patients of a general practitioner have terminal bowel disease, most frequently hemorrhoids. Any patient who presents with ano-rectal discomfort or anal blood losses should undergo thorough proctologic examination including rectoscopy. Digital palpation is insufficient as only 10% of rectal carcinomas can be reached. The treatment of hemorrhoids should be started by instructing the patient on anal hygiene, to be followed only then by symptomatic application of creams or suppositories. If these symptomatic measures fail, treatment by injections is indicated. This method may be complicated by localized or extensive necrosis of the rectal mucosa, the cause of which is assumed to be an immunologic event resembling the Arthus phenomenon in which bacterial or possibly pharmacologic substances may act as antigens. Therefore, a method of provoking coagulation without using foreign substances was sought. Thermocoagulation by the infrared coagulator appears to be a suitable method: first experience tends show equal efficacy with coagulation by injection treatment. Prolapsing hemorrhoids are still treated by barron ligation. The precise management of each therapeutic approach is described.
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PMID:[Hemorrhoids: recognition and current therapeutic possibilities]. 34 37

Recent investigations indicate an abnormal binding of gluten or gliadin to lymphocytes or intestinal mucosa cells in gluten sensitive enteropathy. Since dermatitis herpetiformis is closely associated to gluten sensitive enteropathy, similar receptors could also exist in the skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. To prove this hypothesis, skin of normal volunteers and uninvolved skin of 3 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis was investigated for the presence of gliadin and gliadin binding sites. In vivo bound gliadin was not found by direct immunofluorescence using 3 different rabbit antigliadin antisera. In order to test skin for gliadin binding sites, normal sera and autologous dermatitis herpetiformis sera containing 25 mg% gliadin and tritium labeled gliadin, respectively, were used for incubation of normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin cryocut sections and of normal and dermatitis herpetiformis skin specimens, grown under organ culture conditions. As checked by direct immunofluorescence and autoradiography, there was no specific in vitro binding of gliadin, indicating that gliadin does not fix to normal human or dermatitis herpetiformis skin. Thus, the role of gliadin in the fixation in vivo, of antibodies or immune complexes to skin in dermatitis herpetiformis, remains obscure.
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PMID:Failure to detect gliadin or gliadin binding sites in the skin of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis: immunofluorescence, organ culture and autoradiographic studies. 37 43

Malabsorption (M) is characterized by absorption defect of one or several nutriments in small bowel. Its clinical expression is rarely obvious and biological signs are: anaemia, low serum protein, albumin and lipid rates, low serum calcium, phosphorus and potassium level, and hypoprothrombinaemia. But only 4 simple and reliable tests are needed for diagnosis: i. e.: daily faecal fat amount measurement, daily faecal nitrogen excretion, the xylose test and the Schilling's test. This syndrome is related to many conditions which can be divided into 2 groups with and without intestinal abnormalities. The relationships between M and skin diseases belong to 4 types (J. Marks and S. Shuster): 1) M is responsible for the cutaneous signs, 2) M is caused by a skin disease, 3) both M and skin disease are the result of a same cause, 4) M and skin disease are associated in an indirect way. Only the two first types are dealt with in this report. Skin manifestations occur as a complication in 10 p. 100 to 20 p. 100 of cases of M. They are mostly polymorphous or non-specific, as they are related to multiple vitamin or essential amino acid deficiencies and heal with the treatment of M. The main conditions encountered are diffuse pigmentation, acquired ichthyosis, follicular keratosis, nail brittleness and hair loss. Mucous membrane lesions, purpura and eczematoid or psoriasis-like dermatitis have also been described. More uncommon are clubbing of fingers, finger print abnormalities, kwashiorkor or acrodermatitis enteropathica-like eruptions. The dermatogenic enteropathy, i. e. a M syndrome due to a skin disease, occurs as a result of widespread involvement of the body for instance in psoriasis or eczema; its clinical expression is rarely obvious, the histological record of gut biopsy usually normal and the results of biological tests often dissociated, but steatorrhoea is frequently found. The pathogenesis of the condition is still unknown but its importance is related to the extent of the skin disease and it only improves with the treatment of the latter. All these features and others are discussed in the report with a comprehensive review of the literature.
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PMID:[Cutaneous manifestations of malabsorption diseases (author's transl)]. 38 Apr 45

Difficulties arise in the interpretation of liver tests in the pregnant subject, since some values increase (alkaline phosphatase) whilst others remain unchanged (transaminases) or fall during pregnancy. The diagnosis and management of some causes of jaundice in pregnancy, such as viral hepatitis, gall stones, benign intrahepatic cholestasis and acute fatty liver of pregnancy are discussed. Little is known about the commonest symptoms of pregnancy (nausea, vomiting and constipation) other than that they might be due to hormonally induced alteration of sphincter tone. However, pre-existing bowel disease has a greater effect on pregnancy. Fertility is reduced in poor nutritional states (e.g. coeliac and Crohn's diseases) and an increased occurrence of spontaneous abortion has been noted. For inflammatory bowel diseases, the time of onset is important in determining the outcome of pregnancy. Relapse in the disease is commonest in the first trimester and in the puerperium. Treatment of these conditions is essentially as in the non-pregnant subject. The controversial subject of sulphasalazine and steroid usage in pregnancy is discussed.
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PMID:Liver and gastrointestinal function in pregnancy. 38 67

Radiation disease of the intestine is usually iatrogenic and frequently unavoidable. The disease, its treatment, and the disability produced are formidable. There is hope that means may be found to increase the resistance of the intestine to radiation damage. Radiation enteropathy is an insidious, progressive disease that is seen with increasing frequency. Serious disabilities may develop after years of gestation. Those patients who require surgery are treated by control of sepsis, correction of metabolic abnormalities, and reversal of protein/calorie malnutrition prior to definitive surgery. The treatment of choice is resection with anastomosis, but recurrences may occur many years later in intestine grossly normal at the time of surgery.
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PMID:The radiation-injured bowel. 38 87

Three children with persistent maculopapular and urticarial lesions and vesicles at the predilection sites of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) were shown to exhibit typical granular, papillary IgA and C3 deposits in the tips of the dermal papillae, as demonstrated by direct immunofluorescence. By immunoelectron microscopy, the IgA deposits were associated with the microfibrils of the elastic fibres as has been described in DH of the adult. C3 deposits were scattered throughout the papillary dermis. Despite the similarity of the clinical appearance, history with regard to gluten sensitive enteropathy (GSE) varied in these three cases. In one child, the skin lesions appeared following faults in the gluten free diet on which he was kept for coeliac disease. Another child developed the skin lesions during a gluten free diet which was not strictly followed; no recurrences of gastrointestinal symptoms accompanied the eruption of DH. In the third case, no evidence for GSE in patient's history or in jejunal biopsies was present at the time of onset of DH.
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PMID:Juvenile dermatitis herpetiformis: an immunoelectron microscopic study. 38 68

Besides the typical forms of dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) of adults and children, there are cases combining clinical, histological and electronmicroscopic features of both. Linear continuous IgA deposits along basement membrane zone (BMZ) are a most characteristic finding. They differ from the granular IgA deposits in DH, even if these are also distributed along the BMZ (however, preserving as a rule their granular pattern). IgG circulating anti-BMZ antibodies are absent, whereas in some cases IgA anti-BMZ antibodies may be found. In contrast to DH, there is no gluten-sensitive enteropathy, and the gluten-free diet is ineffective. The recognition of this bullous disease as a distinct entity is of practical significance because these cases respond well to combined treatment with sulfones and corticosteroids, all in small doses. Because of diagnostic importance of linear IgA deposits at BMZ we have proposed the name IgA linear dermatosis. In children a counterpart of IgA linear dermatosis of adults is chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC), which we propose to call IgA linear dermatosis of childhood.
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PMID:[IgA linear dermatosis (author's transl)]. 39 73

An account is given of an acute outbreak of hemorrhagic enteric disease in 34 young adult boars of primarily Yorkshire breeding at a performance testing station in Western Canada. Two of the boars died. A diagnosis of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy was made on the basis of clinical signs, gross necropsy and histopathological lesions. Campylobacter-like bacteria were seen in the apical cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the ileal mucosa by Warthin-Faulkner stain on histological sections, but were not isolated on culture. Treatment with several drugs simultaneously was associated with termination of the outbreak, but the therapeutic effect was not controlled by leaving some animals untreated. Reported sequelae, such as porcine intestinal adenomatosis, were not present at necropsy or slaughter of pigs surviving the outbreak, but all were killed no longer than two months after the first case was observed. This outbreak is discussed in the context of previously reported hemorrhagic enteric conditions of pigs.
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PMID:Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy in swine: an outbreak and review of the literature. 39 78

A simple method of detecting gluten antibodies in serum is described. Cryostat sections of wheat grains proved to be an excellent substrate in the immunofluorescence technique. Rabbit antisera to gliadin and alpha-gliadin, and high percentage of sera from patients with gluten-induced enteropathy had antibodies that reacted with an internal structure of wheat grains. These antibodies could be absorbed with gliadin and with alpha-gliadin.
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PMID:Wheat grains: a substrate for the determination of gluten antibodies in serum of gluten-sensitive patients. 40 49

170 children with severe undernutrition of whom 153 were babies, received continuous gastrointestinal infusion from a minimum of 3 weeks to a maximum of 18 months. Eighteen died as a result of the primary disease: results were considered very satisfactory in 148 children whilst 4 were still dependent on the technique 24 months later. In 65% of cases it was necessary to precede this intestinal infusion by intravenous feeding through a caval catheter. The authors discuss the choice of site of the infusion and the composition of the infusate according to the nature of the underlying intestinal disorder. The general and gastrointestinal indications both medical and surgical, are discussed in detail.
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PMID:[Continuous enteral feeding in children. Technic and indications in 170 cases from 1969 to 1975]. 40 55


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