Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021831 (enteropathy)
 4,403 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Jejunal biopsies were obtained from 37 children with cystic fibrosis, 16 with gluten-induced enteropathy, and 18 control subjects for the following studies: (1) disaccharidase activity, (2) L-ALA-L-Phe hydrolase activity, and (3) intestinal uptake of three 14C-labeled amino acids. Values were significantly reduced in the three determinations in patients with gluten-induced enteropathy as compared to control subjects. Lactase and L-ALA-L-Phe hydrolase activities were significantly reduced (p less than 0.01) in CF patients as compared to control subjects. Definite hypolactasia was also observed in 23% of the children with CF. Uptake of lysine was normal in CF patients whereas that of phenylalanine and cycloleucine was reduced as compared to control subjects. This study suggests an intestinal component to the malabsorption of patients with CF.
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PMID:Small bowel mucosal dysfunction in patients with cystic fibrosis. 124 82

A male infant, born uneventfully from a consanguinous marriage, presented with intractable watery diarrhea from his third day of life, with subsequent malnutrition and failure to thrive. He received central parenteral nutrition beginning at three months of age after a poor response to a semielemental diet and peripheral parenteral nutrition. He was totally dependent on central parenteral nutrition thereafter. Although diarrhea disappeared with strict bowel rest, intolerance to minimal enteral feedings persisted throughout his 2 years 4 months of life. Investigations including stool examinations and repeated cultures, immune function studies, radiologic studies of the small bowel and screening for galactosemia and cystic fibrosis could not demonstrate a specific cause for the diarrhea. Repeated small intestinal biopsies at 1 month, 4 months and 1 year 5 months of age showed persistent villous atrophy with crypt hypoplasia and a low crypt mitotic index. Electron microscopic examination revealed normal-appearing microvilli. This child may have had a congenital enteropathy due to an inborn crypt regeneration defect causing lifelong intolerance to enteral feedings.
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PMID:Congenital intractable diarrhea with possible defective crypt regeneration: report of a case. 168 88

Oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract in humans. However, while the progestogens are almost completely bioavailable, ethinylestradiol (EE2) is subject to extensive first pass metabolism consisting chiefly of conjugation with sulfate in the gut wall. Both EE2 and progestogens are well absorbed in patients with an ileostomy or with diseases such as cystic fibrosis or Crohn's disease. However in patients with celiac disease (gluten-sensitive enteropathy) the gut wall is less able to conjugate EE2 and thus its bioavailability is increased. The bioavailability returns to control values as the disease is improved following gluten withdrawal. Other drugs that are conjugated with sulfate, such as vitamin C and paracetamol, compete for available sulfate when coadministered with OCS leading to high plasma levels of EE2. Enzyme-inducing agents such as rifampicin, phenobarbitone, phenytoin and carbamazepine reduce blood levels of the OCS leading to contraceptive failure. In the case of anticonvulsants (but not rifampicin) this can be easily overcome by increasing the dose of OCS used. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are reported to cause failure of contraception by interfering with the enterohepatic circulation of EE2 but limited systematic studies show no evidence of such an interaction. Nevertheless practitioners are advised to recommend the use of alternative contraceptive precautions for women receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics concurrently with their OCS preparation.
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PMID:Oral contraceptive steroids--pharmacological issues of interest to the prescribing physician. 177 56

Data are presented on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on small intestinal biopsies of children with chronic diarrhea. In particular, there were 230 patients aged 3 months to 13 years with the following diagnoses: chronic nonspecific diarrhea, cow's milk protein intolerance, soy protein intolerance, giardiasis, cystic fibrosis, gluten-sensitive enteropathy, isolated lactase deficiency, isolated sucrase-isomaltase lactase deficiency, microvillus inclusion disease, rotavirus enteritis, protracted diarrhea of infancy, chylomicron retention disease, visceral myopathy and villous asthenia. Examination of biopsied intestinal mucosa by SEM has yielded important new information and insights on structural pathology and ultrastructural topography. Many of the observed changes helped to better understand the pathophysiology of some of the diarrheal disorders. SEM was also able to detect new features such as mycoplasma-like microorganisms and the absence of the glycocalyx. To adequately assess small bowel mucosal pathology at the ultrastructural level, scanning electron microscopy is an indispensable tool.
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PMID:The scanning electron microscope: how valuable in the evaluation of small bowel mucosal pathology in chronic childhood diarrhea? 182 28

Proximal small intestinal mucosal biopsies were carried out in children with cystic fibrosis who had diarrhoea and failed to thrive in spite of adequate treatment, including pancreatic supplements. Histological examination of eight of the 17 biopsies taken over a period of 12 years showed evidence of enteropathy, and accounted for one in 13 (8%) children with cystic fibrosis under 3 years of age attending our clinic. Seven responded to a cows' milk free diet; the diarrhoea stopped and weight gain increased. One of these responded only when gluten was also excluded from his diet. The eighth child remained on a normal diet and his symptoms did not improve. The enteropathy had resolved in all five patients who had further biopsies taken while receiving treatment, and from 15 months to 3 years of age all the children tolerated a normal diet and continued to thrive. Cows' milk sensitive enteropathy is an important cause of failure to thrive in children with cystic fibrosis. Small intestinal biopsy is an important investigation in younger children who fail to thrive and have diarrhoea despite adequate treatment.
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PMID:Cows' milk sensitive enteropathy in cystic fibrosis. 281 44

Thirteen cases classified in our files as ceroid pigmentation of the intestinal wall ("brown bowel syndrome") are described. Clinically, all patients in this series had some symptoms of chronic bowel disease. The gut in this condition grossly demonstrates a variable orange-brown coloration. The ceroid pigment is difficult to identify in routine hematoxylin-eosin sections but may be demonstrated by a variety of special stains. In addition, ceroid may be identified by its golden-yellow autofluorescence under ultraviolet light. By electron microscopy, the deposited granules resemble ceroid deposits described in experimental animals. In addition to its occurrence in cases of chronic bowel disease, ceroid pigment was also found in 36 of 90 cases of cystic fibrosis (40%) and in 7 of 13 cases of congenital biliary atresia (54%). On the basis of pigment distribution and staining characteristics, brown bowel syndrome may be differentiated from melanosis coli and rectal ceroid histiocytosis.
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PMID:Intestinal ceroid deposition - "brown bowel syndrome". A light and electron microscopic study. 616 74

In this study of the literature, the authors review the possible association between atopy and other conditions. The mostly reported observations are related to atopic dermatitis, but there is also some real relationship with respiratory allergy: this is true for mucoviscidosis. Some association are significant and interesting from the pathogenetic point of view: they may be classified under three headings (digestive and renal diseases, immunologic disturbances). Therefore, this study refers to intestinal absorption disturbance, gluten sensitive enteropathy, dermatitis herpetiformis, colic diseases, and also to glomerulopathies, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity deficiency and polymorphonuclear functional deficiency. Other associations do exist, but the low number of cases and the absence of a common pathogenesis allow no conclusion to be drawn (ectodermal anidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, Dubowitz syndrome). Some of them are certainly only fortuitous: this should be more definitely established by later studies. Some diseases may be accompanied by an eczematiform dermatitis (phenylketonuria, anomalies of histidin metabolism). Frequency of associations with alopecia areata and dominant ichthyosis vulgaris is also discussed. This review gives the possibility of emphasizing the absence of statistically significant hematopathic evolution of atopic dermatitis and calls attention on the Wiskott-Aldrich-syndrome as a model for the studies on atopy.
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PMID:[Atopy and associated diseases]. 712 87

In the small bowel of patients with cystic fibrosis, primary defects involving both chloride transport and mucus secretion have been demonstrated, but there is no general consensus about the morphologic counterpart of functional and biochemical abnormalities. We have studied the intestinal mucosa in a group of patients with cystic fibrosis and gastrointestinal symptoms with the aim of evaluating whether the intestinal mucosa is normal as previously described. The results showed that the small bowel involvement is characterized by a typical pattern of lesions with preservation of the mucosal architecture and abundant mucus at the surface. In the villi, the absorbing cells were generally well preserved, but unusual features were found in the apical portion of the goblet cells, which formed sacks containing mucus droplets. Similar sacks were also found detached from the goblet cells. Aspects of degeneration were present in the upper portion of the crypts where elements with an extensive vacuolization of the cytoplasm and swelling were detectable. This study demonstrates that in patients with cystic fibrosis the ultrastructure of the small bowel mucosa is not normal as previously described, but that an ultrastructurally detectable enteropathy exists. This enteropathy seems to be localized mainly in sites where molecular biology studies described the highest expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
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PMID:Ultrastructural lesions in the small bowel of patients with cystic fibrosis. 947 90

With worldwide use of oral rehydration solutions, the treatment of acute diarrhea does not pose much of a problem. However, chronic diarrhea is still harmful, especially for the growth and development status of the children. Between January 1993 to December 1996, patients who suffered from chronic diarrhea for more than one month duration and admitted to Dr. Sami Ulus Children's Hospital were evaluated for epidemiological and etiologic factors. Seventy consecutive patients were evaluated. The mean age was 40.8 months and 52% were males. Malnutrition was detected in 80% of cases. Etiologic factors included celiac disease 30%, cow milk allergy 17%, bacterial and parasitic factors 26%, cystic fibrosis 10% and postinfectious gastroenteritis 10%. Eosinophilic gastroenteritis, chronic nonspecific diarrhea, pseudo-obstruction, neurofibromatosis and inflammatory bowel disease were rarely detected. Celiac disease and cow milk allergy were implicated as the most common causes of chronic diarrhea. The vicious cycle of faulty nutrition, malnutrition and infection and postinfectious enteropathy were also significant factors in the etiology of chronic diarrhea. It may be considered that cow milk protein prick test, sweat test, immunologic tests and mucosal biopsies should be performed for the definite diagnosis of chronic diarrhea.
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PMID:Etiology of chronic diarrhea. 1079 25

Misoprostol, a prostaglandin E1 analog, is a racemate of four stereoisomers. On administration it rapidly de-esterifies to its active form, misoprostolic acid. Misoprostolic acid is 85% albumin bound and has a half-life of approximately 30 minutes. It is excreted in urine as inactive metabolites. No significant drug interactions have been reported. Besides its gastrointestinal protective and uterotonic activities, misoprostol regulates various immunologic cascades. It inhibits platelet-activating factor and leukocyte adherence, and modulates adhesion molecule expression. It protects against gut irradiation injury, experimental gastric cancer, enteropathy, and constipation. It improves nutrient absorption in cystic fibrosis. Misoprostol has utility in acetaminophen and ethanol hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, and fibrosis. It is effective in asthmatics and aspirin-sensitive asthmatic and allergic patients. It lowers cholesterol and severity of peripheral vascular diseases, prolongs survival of cardiac and kidney transplantation, synergizes cyclosporine, and protects against cyclosporine-induced renal damage. It works against drug-induced renal damage, interstitial cystitis, lupus nephritis, and hepatorenal syndrome. It is useful in periodontal disease and dental repair. Misoprostol enhances glycosoaminoglycan synthesis in cartilage after injury. It prevents ultraviolet-induced cataracts and reduces intraocular pressure in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. It synergizes antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of diclofenac or colchicine and has been administered to treat trigeminal neuralgic pain. It reduces chemotherapy-induced hair loss and recovery time from burn injury, and is effective in treating sepsis, multiple sclerosis, and pancreatitis.
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PMID:Misoprostol therapeutics revisited. 1119 38


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