Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021390 (inflammatory bowel disease)
 23,302 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

215 colonsocopic examinations were performed on patients with rectal bleeding whose cause had not been determined by barium enema. The probable or definite source of the bleeding was diagnosed in 41% of cases. 13% had a carcinoma, 14% had one or more colonic polyps, 7% had previously unrecognised inflammatory bowel disease. The remainder had various other colonic conditions. The source of bleeding was twice as likely to be found by colonoscopy in patients presenting with frank rectal blood-loss as in those with occult blood. A carcinoma was found twice as often in those patients with diverticular disease as in those without this condition. A lesion was discovered in the majority of patients who had had two or more negative barium enemas. These results emphasise the importance of rectal bleeding as a symptom of colonic abnormality and the value of colonscopy in its investigation in patients where the results of radiology are negative.
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PMID:Colonscopy for investigation of unexplained rectal bleeding. 7 9

Double contrast barium enema examinations in 24 patients with Crohn's disease of the colon and 29 patients with ulcerative colitis were reviewed without knowledge of the clinical diagnosis. The radiologic diagnosis of Crohn's disease agreed with the clinical diagnosis in 98% of patients. In this condition the most common radiologic findings were discontinuous or asymmetric disease (88%) and discrete ulcers (67%) often on a normal mucosa. The latter are characteristic of early Crohn's disease and may enable the radiologist to be the first to suggest the diagnosis, particularly when both sigmoidoscopy and small bowel examination are normal. Of the patients with ulcerative colitis, a positive radiologic diagnosis was made in 83% on the basis of a granular mucosal pattern (79%) and continuous distal involvement (86%). The high accuracy of the double contrast technique, especially in Crohn's disease, and the relative specificity of the signs that it can demonstrate suggest that this is the preferred examination in the radiologic evaluation of inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Double contrast barium enema in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 9 95

Since May 1976, the Olympus pansigmoidoscope has been available for routine use at the University of Oregon Health Sciences center. Two hundred sixty-five examinations were performed over the next year. The average distance examined was 49 cm. Time per examination ranged from 3 to 15 minutes, with an average of 8 minutes. Preparation consisted of one or two tap water enemas, except in known inflammatory bowel disease where no preparation was given. No patient received sedation and there were no complications. Small biopsy (2.8 mm), large biopsy (4.0 mm), "hot biopsy" and polypectomy were performed when indicated. The procedure was most helpful for the following indications: 1) differential diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease, 2) hematochezia, 3) evaluation of abnormal barium enema, 4) left-sided polypectomy, 5) diarrhea with normal barium enema, and 6) guaiac-positive stools. It was of no value in patients with abdominal pain with normal barium enema. Comparing the frequency of examinations this year with last year we found a 50% decrease in use of the rigid (25 cm) sigmoidoscope (538 to 270 exams) and a 98% decrease in use of the MB2 (100 cm) colonoscope (80 to 2 exams).
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PMID:The pansigmoidoscope: one year's experience in a gastrointestinal diagnostic unit. 26 29

The width of the presacral space was measured prospectively at various levels in 100 persons without organic colonic or rectal disease who had barium enema X-ray examinations. A standard technique was employed. The most consistent measurement was obtained at the level opposite the S3-S4 disc space; readings varied between 2 mm and 16 mm. Using 16 mm as the upper limit of normal, and a similar technique of barium enema examination, the width of the presacral space at the S3-S4 disc level was measured in 66 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis--49; Crohn's colitis--17). The width did not correlate with the severity of the disease process as indicated by sigmoidoscopic examination in proximity in time to the radiological examination. There was a relationship between increased width of the presacral space and the duration of the disease process.
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PMID:The significance of widening of the presacral space at contrast radiography in inflammatory bowel disease. 28 Mar 21

The fiberoptic colonscope represents a significant diagnostic and therapeutic acheivement in the management of colonic disease. Despite some claims to the contrary, it is not universally simple, rapid, thorough, reliable, and inexpensive or without morbidity and mortality. Until these goals are achieved through future refinements, modifications, and new instrumentation, it is strongly recommended that the indications for colonscopy be sharply defined to include the following: (1) Investigation of colonic lesions seen on two successive or one air-contrast barium enema examination. Pedunculated polyps less than 1 cm in diameter can be observed. (2) Preoperative investigation of patients with demonstrable colorectal cancer (to rule out synchronous lesions). (3) Postoperative evaluation after colectomy for carcinoma where the anastomosis is above the reach of a sigmoidoscope. (4) Evaluation of patients with inflammatory bowel disease of the colon. (5) Investigation of persistent occult or gross rectal bleeding when anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and barium studies are negative. Patients who represent prohibitive surgical risks because of age or systemic disease should not be considered as candidates for colonoscopy without compelling indications. The decision to biopsy rather than remove or fulgerate a detected lesion must be left to the judgment and experience of the endoscopist. The morbidity that follows polypectomy or fulgeration of sessile lesions less than 0.5 cm in diameter probably exceeds the incidence of carcinoma.
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PMID:A hard look at colonoscopy. 29 91

Colonoscopy has added a new dimension to the diagnosis of colonic diseases. In the field of inflammatory bowel disease, colonscopy is indicated only when certain specific problems arise. Patients with acute colitis and those who are too sick to withstand cleansing enemas should not undergo colonoscopy. A major use of the colonoscope is in the detection of carcinoma in the colitic colon either in the form of colonic strictures or filling defects discovered by barium enema x-ray, or in the long-term surveillance of patients with universal ulcerative colitis. Criteria are listed to assist in the colonoscopic differential diagnosis between ulcerative and granulomatous colitis. By using different criteria than the radiographer, and with the help of biopsy specimens, a high degree of accuracy in proper diagnosis can be achieved.
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PMID:Colitis, cancer, and colonoscopy. 30 11

Two hundred and thirty-nine patients underwent colonoscopy for unexplained rectal bleeding. Local anorectal conditions were excluded by digital and proctosigmoidoscopic examinations and results of barium studies were negative for all patients. A cause for bleeding was found in 95 patients. Thirty-nine had adenomatous polyps, 24 had unrecognised inflammatory bowel disease, and most importantly 23 (10% of series) had carcinomas. Forty patients had diverticular disease, but nine of them were found to have an adenomatous polyp and four a carcinoma. Colonoscopy can contribute positively to the investigation and treatment of unexplained rectal bleeding and may prevent unnecessary laparotomy.
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PMID:Colonoscopy for unexplained rectal bleeding. 31 Jul 2

To investigate the possible association of bacteremia with barium enema examinations, blood samples were obtained from 42 patients before and at 5, 10, and 20 min after administration of the enema. Patients with fever or symptoms suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease were not included in the study; neither were patients who had received antimicrobiotic medication during the preceding 3 months. Pour-plate blood cultures showed no bacteremia due to enteric organism in the 42 patients-a result at variance with previously published reports.
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PMID:Bacteremia and the barium enema. 40 2

Two patients with colonic adenocarcinoma and Streptococcus bovis endocarditis suggested a possible association between the two. Non-enterococcal Group D streptococci were isolated from fecal cultures of 11 of 105 controls, 35 of 63 patients with carcinoma of the colon, seven of 25 with inflammatory bowel disease, four of 21 with non-colonic neoplasms and five of 37 with other gastrointestinal disorders. All such streptococci examined for lactose fermentation were S. bovis. The prevalence of S. bovis in fecal cultures from patients with carcinoma of the colon was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) as compared to that in controls, and also to all other groups (P less than 0.001). No other group had results significantly different from those of controls (P less than 0.05) although patients with inflammatory bowel disease were more frequently carriers. The carrier state was unrelated to age, hospitalization status, colonic stasis, gastrointestinal bleeding or recent barium-enema examination. The implications of this association are unknown.
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PMID:Association of Streptococcus bovis with carcinoma of the colon. 40 87

Barium studies of a gastrointestinal tract and chest radiographs of 109 patients with gastrointestinal tuberculosis were investigated. The type and site of the tuberculous lesions in the bowel, as well as its association with pulmonary tuberculosis and surgical complications, were reviewed. The ileocecal region is the portion of the gastrointestinal tract most frequently involved. The ulcerohypertrophic type of tuberculous lesion was the most common. Thirty-two percent of the patients had a normal chest radiograph. Nineteen patients had a significant surgical complication. Fistulous tracts and intestinal perforation are rare. The radiographic differential diagnosis with regional enteritis and other forms of inflammatory bowel disease is discussed.
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PMID:Radiographic manifestations of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. 54 70


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