Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1 The anti-fertility effects of cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, vincristine and vinblastine were studied and compared in male rats. 2 The effects of the drugs on body weight and haematological values were used to monitor the pharmacological actions of the drugs. 3 All four drugs impaired fertility, the severity of the impairment depending on dose and duration of treatment. 4 Testicular size and histological appearances remained mostly normal, even in infertile animals, but seminiferous tubules were fewer in number and maturation arrest at the spermatid level was evident in some sections. 5 Recovery of drug-induced infertility occurred in 64% of treated animals, 9 to 40 weeks after cessation of treatment. 6 Morbidity and mortality were much higher with alkylating agents than with vinca alkaloids for approximately similar degrees of impairment in fertility.
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PMID:A comparison of the antifertility effects of alkylating agents and vinca alkaloids in male rats. 68 78

This preliminary study was designed to examine whether nitric oxide, a reactive nitrogen intermediate produced by leukocyte metabolism of L-arginine, could reduce sperm motility. Increasing doses (10(-6)-10(-4) M) of the nitric oxide-generating drug, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were added to motile sperm preparations and incubated over 20 hr. Quantitative sperm motility measurements were made using a computer-assisted motility analyzer in each treated sample and controls over this time period. The percentage of motile sperm, progressive motility, and concentration of motile cells were all significantly reduced with all doses of SNP. This effect was not observed in preparations treated with oxyhaemoglobin (HbO2). Mean path velocity was unaltered. Sperm viability in SNP treated sperm did not differ significantly from that of control sperm over the same time period. We conclude that further experiments are required to determine whether the production of nitric oxide/reactive nitrogen intermediates in vivo by activated leukocytes could be a contributory factor in the development of immunologic infertility.
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PMID:Preliminary communication: possible role of reactive nitrogen intermediates in leucocyte-mediated sperm dysfunction. 161 Apr 94

Acute renal failure (ARF) complicated the use of traditional herbal remedies in six adult patients seen at Kenyatta National Hospital in a 2-year period (August 1984 to August 1986). This comprised 10.9% of all the cases of ARF and 24% of the cases of ARF due to medical causes. All the patients were oliguric and the period of oliguria in the four patients who survived ranged between 19-57 days (mean 26.3 days). Five of the patients had evidence of fluid overload. The blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were elevated in all the patients. The serum sodium was normal in all, while the serum potassium was elevated in 2 cases. Identity of the herbal medication was unknown in all the cases. The indication was abdominal pain in 4 cases, infertility and abdominal pain in one and prophylaxis against witchcraft in the other. All the patients were started on haemodialysis, two of them having had periods of peritoneal dialysis for 12 and 16 days. Two patients died. Of the four surviving patients, follow up has been carried out for 8, 6, 5 and 4 months. At four months follow up the creatinine clearance in the 4 surviving patients have been 54, 63, 51 and 43 ml/min.
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PMID:Acute renal failure following the use of herbal remedies. 180 Jan

A case of a man with a malignant testicular tumor is reported; during the time between orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy his semen was preserved and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). Due to postoperative ejaculation disturbance resulting in infertility of the husband, artificial insemination with cryopreserved semen was performed over a period of 9 months without leading to conception. During a laparoscopy and perturbation, which were combined with an attempt for in vitro fertilization (IVF), three oocytes were collected and fertilized in vitro by cryopreserved spermatozoa of the husband. Two days later two embryos were transferred, unfortunately resulting in a bilateral tubal pregnancy. The case report demonstrates that less than 10,000 progressively motile spermatozoa are sufficient to perform successful IVF and embryo transfer.
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PMID:[Use of frozen sperm for in vitro fertilization. A case report]. 646 37

An ecopathological approach for examining nutrition-induced health disorders in dairy herds in France is described. Bovine dairy herds were surveyed for 4 yr to detect nutritional risk factors that discriminated between high and low disease incidence rates for retained placenta, milk fever, calf perimortality, metritis, liver disorders and infertility. In the cow, preventive feeding helps avoid nitrogen overnutrition, and reduces the requirements of Ca in the late gestation period, gives a satisfactory balance in polyunsaturated fatty acids before calving. The absence of feedstuffs including toxic components and a feeding system with few feedstuffs and few diet changes are also beneficial factors.
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PMID:[The ecopathologic approach to the study of the relationship between nutrition and health in the dairy cow]. 803 85

Manifestations of resistance to androgens vary within a wide range from an almost normal female phenotype to men whose only complaint is infertility. Insensitivity is caused by mutation of the gene for androgenic receptors, located on the X chromosome. Androgenic insensitivity is associated of all known hormonal resistances with the most varied mutational changes-some hundred of the latter were described. Mutations do not correlate with the clinical picture. Insensitivity to androgens is not necessarily associated with the inability of androgens to bind with the appropriate receptor, because mutations can affect any of the three receptor domains, i.e. not only the domain binding the ligand but also the domain by which the steroid receptor complex is linked to the DNA of the regulated gene or N-terminal, the so-called transactivation domain, responsible for the transfer of the hormone-borne signal to the initiation site of the controlled gene. Androgenic insensitivity can be associated with some tumourous diseases depending on steroid sex hormones such as prostate or breast cancer and also-as reported for the first time in this paper-e.g. with lymphogranuloma. Some neurodegerative diseases are also associated with a certain degree of androgenic insensitivity. For detection of androgenic resistance in addition to molecular genetic analysis dynamic tests were recommended which involve the follow-up of androgen-dependent indicators after androgen administration. These indicators are e.g. nitrogen retention or the SHBG level. The original modification of the SHBG test for androgen insensitivity is described.
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PMID:[Androgen insensitivity]. 806 28

Freezing of the human embryos has been routinely used in the world for over 10 years in the treatment of infertility by the ART. Excessive fertilized oocytes and embryos can be frozen and preserved in the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The risk of multiple pregnancies is reduced and enhancement of pregnancy rates can be obtained owing to cryopreservation. The author presents theoretical principles of embryo freezing by slow cooling with 1, 2 propanediol and saccharose as a cryoprotectant.
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PMID:[Cryopreservation of embryos--used for treatment of infertility by means of assisted reproductive techniques (ART)]. 892

Leukocytes and their products (free oxygen radicals, cytokines, nitrogen intermediates and prostanoids) are considered to be the major etiopathological factors of male and female infertility. Particular attention is paid to macrophages, which play a crucial role in pathogenesis of infertility. They may modulate immunological response which is often directed towards spermatozoa, decreasing their ability to move, and fertilize egg cells. Spermatozoa are often phagocytosed by the macrophages. The immune cells may also damage egg cells and embryos, or even impair implantation. The aim of the work was to verify the influence of potentially immunomodulating drugs: nifedipine, danazol and acetylsalicylic acid on the activity of peritoneal macrophages. Mouse peritoneal macrophages were cultured with the studied drugs and spermatozoa. It was assumed that the production and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitrates and prostaglandin F2 alpha were indicative of the increased activity of the macrophages. Biochemical studies were correlated with the morphological ones conducted under transmission and scanning electron microscopes. These studies covered the morphology of the cells as well as the sperm phagocytosis by the macrophages. Nifedipine was found to decrease the release of nitrites and TNF alpha by the peritoneal macrophages (Tab. 1, 4, 5). The inhibitory effect was dose and time dependent. Nifedipine caused morphological changes which correlated with the decreased activity of the cells (Fig. 3, 4). The macrophages were round with short protrusions surrounding the spermatozoa. There were numerous endocytic vesicles in the cytoplasm of the macrophages. Danazol did not exert any effect on the activity of the studied peritoneal macrophages (Tab. 2, 4, 5). At higher concentration, a decreased release of nitrites and TNF alpha was noted. This correlated with necrotic changes in the scanning and transmission electron microscopes (Fig. 5, 6). The changes were seen in the studied macrophages and spermatozoa. The sperm phagocytosis was completely abolished. The acetylsalicylic acid had an inhibitory effect on the release of nitrites, PGF2 alpha and TNF alpha (Tab. 3, 4, 5). The effect was dose, and time dependent. It was not noted in the concentration lower than therapeutical. Acetylsalicylic acid did not cause any morphological changes, but the phagocytosis was inhibited (Fig. 7, 8). The experiments were to verify new potential possibilities of infertility treatment, particularly those depending on the malfunction of the immunological system.
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PMID:[Modulation of peritoneal macrophage function: effect of selected drugs on their activity and sperm phagocytosis]. 947 25

In the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (HD) remission rates of 80% have been achieved with combination regimens such as COPP/ABVD; 30%-50% of these patients relapse, however, and less than 25% of those in first relapse can be cured. Although 90% of adults with advanced Hodgkin's disease (HD) achieve a complete remission with new polychemotherapy regimens such as BEACOPP, it is too early to assess how many patients ultimately can be cured. In addition, these regimens are associated with severe side effects including infertility, cardiomyopathy or second malignancies. Thus, alternative strategies for improving the outcome of patients with HD have been developed. These approaches include new cytostatic drugs and biological agents. Here, we review the most recent developments including the new vinca alkaloid vinorelbine, the anthracycline idarubicin, the nitrogen mustard bendamustine, the recently developed nucleoside analogue gemcitabine, and immunotoxins against Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells. We conclude that current polychemotherapy regimens could possibly be improved by introducing new agents with a different mechanism of action such as gemcitabine. In addition, some of these new drugs including gemcitabine or vinorelbine could contribute to the reduction of toxic side effects, thus resulting in an improved quality of life for patients with HD.
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PMID:New drugs in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. 992 47

Objectives: The following will be tested: 1) Freezing in nitrogen vapor prior to submerging will have a higher motile sperm recovery rate compared to directly submerging in liquid nitrogen, 2) The length of time a sample spends in nitrogen vapor will not affect the motile sperm recovery, and 3) The volume of sample to be frozen will not affect the recovery of motile sperm.Design: This is a prospective study performed through a university infertility clinic. The semen samples were obtained from 20 male partners of couples being screened for in vitro fertilization.Materials and Methods: Semen was collected and washed with 5 volumes of modified Ham's F10 medium and centrifuged at 120xg for 10 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in 5 mL of medium and centrifuged in a similar manner. The swim-up sperm was prepared with the second pellet overlaid with 1 mL of medium, containing 1% human serum albumin, and incubated for 1 hour at 37 C. Equal volumes of sperm suspension and cryoprotectant were mixed by gentle stirring. Sperm density and motility were recorded before freezing. Each vial contained 1 mL of the sperm/cryoprotectant mixture. All vials were eventually submerged in liquid nitrogen for 40 minutes and thawed at room temperature for 1 hour. The percent of motile sperm recovered was assessed. Hypothesis 1: Comparing freezing in nitrogen vapor versus direct plunge, one vial was frozen for 6 minutes in the nitrogen vapor 2 cm above the liquid surface prior to submerging. The paired vial was kept at room temperature for 6 minutes before submerging. Hypothesis 2: Two vials were frozen in vapor for 6 and 12 minutes prior to submerging them. Hypothesis 3: To assess the effect of sample volume on motile sperm recovery, three separate vials were prepared, each containing either 1.0, 0.5, or 0.25 mL of the sperm/cryoprotectant mixture. Each vial was suspended in vapor for 6 minutes prior to submerging into the liquid. Paired t test analysis was used for objectives 1 and 2, with repeated measures analysis of variance used to determine the significance of objective 3.Results: Pure motile sperm density and motility were assessed for 20 samples after the addition of cryoprotectant. The sperm density and motility ranged from 0.9 to 120 million sperm/mL (33.2, SD +/- 35.0) and 78-100% (86.5, SD +/- 12.4), respectively. The mean motile sperm recovered for vapor freezing prior to plunge was 54.9% (SD +/- 15.4), compared to submerging directly, which was 21.5% (SD +/- 10.0); this was significant with a P <.05. The initial sperm density, <20 or >/=20 million/mL, did not influence the percent of motile sperm recovered (P >.05). Motile sperm recovered from samples in vapor for 6 and 12 minutes was 49.7% (SD +/- 8.71) and 51.8% (SD +/- 10.4), respectively; this was not significant. The volume of purified motile sperm frozen did not significantly alter the percent of motile sperm recovered.Conclusion: Directly submerging a sample from room temperature into liquid nitrogen has shown a reduction of motile sperm recovery by 65.0%, compared to exposing the sample to liquid nitrogen vapor prior to submerging, which only showed a reduction of 31.7%. Motility appears to be influenced by the rate at which the sample is frozen. There was no significant impact on motile sperm recovery compared to the amount of sperm preserved, length of time the sample was in liquid nitrogen vapor, or the initial sperm density. This is the first study to isolate the motile faction from semen and examine the recovery rate between the two cryopreservation techniques. The clinical application implies that increasing the recovery of motile sperm could improve pregnancy rates and this simplified technique is possible without obtaining special equipment that could impose a significant financial burden with similar results.
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PMID:Human motile sperm recovery after cryopreservation: freezing in nitrogen vapor vs the direct plunge technique. 1083 17


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