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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distribution of phosphorus capital and net annual transfers of phosphorus between the major components of two unfertilized phosphorus-deficient UK ecosystems, an oak--ash woodland in the Lake District and an Agrostis-Festuca grassland in Snowdonia (both on acid brown-earth soils), have been estimted in terms of kg P ha--1. In both ecosystems less than 3% of the phosphorus, totalling 1890 kg P ha--1 and 3040 kg P ha--1 for the woodland and grassland, respectively, is contained in the living biomass and half that is below ground level. Nearly all the phosphorus is in the soil matrix. Although the biomass phosphorus is mostly in the vegetation, the soil fauna and vegetation is slower (25%) than in the grassland vegetatation (208%). More than 85% of the net annual vegetation uptake of phosphorus from the soil is returned to the soil, mainly in organic debris, which in the grassland ecosystem is more than twice as rich in phosphorus (0.125% P) as in the woodland ecosystem (0.053% P). These concentrations are related to the rates of turnover (input/P content) of phosphorus in the litter layer on the soil surface; it is faster in the grassland (460%) than in the woodland (144%). In both cycles plant uptake of phosphorus largely depends on the release of phosphorus through decomposition of the organic matter returned to soil. In both the woodland and the grassland, the amount of cycling phosphorus is potentially reduced by its immobilization in tree and sheep production and in undecomposed organic matter accumulating in soil. It is assumed that the reductions are counterbalanced by the replenishment of cycling phosphorus by (i) some mineralization of organically bound phosphorus in the mineral soil, (ii) the income in rainfall and aerosols not being effectively lost in soil drainage waters and (iii) rock weathering. The effects of the growth of conifers and sheep grazing on the balance between decomposition and accumulation of organic matter returned to soil are considered in relation to the rate of phosphorus cycling and the pedogenetic changes in soil phosphorus condition leading to reduced fertility. Although controlled sheep grazing speeds up phosphorus cycling and may reverse the pedogenetic trend in favour of soil improvement, conifers may slow down phosphorus cycling and promote the pedogenetic trend towards infertility.
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PMID:Phosphorus cycles of forest and upland grassland ecosystems and some effects of land management practices. 35 19

Mean serum inorganic phosphorus concentrations of cows in an infertile dairy herd of 170 cows in the Hunter Valley increased from less than 4.5 mg/100 ml to greater than 5.8 mg/100 ml after defluorinated superphosphate was added to their drinking water at the rate of 2.5 kg/450 1 once weekly from September, 1976. The first service pregnancy rate increased from 36.5% to 63.2%, the mean calving to conception interval decreased from 109 days to 85 days and the number of cows culled each year for infertility fell from 15 to 5. The pasture fed to the milking cows contained on average greater than 17% crude protein, greater than or equal to 0.39% phosphorus, greater than or equal to 9 ppm copper and 38--46 ppm manganese according to the dominant species. The Ca/P ratio ranged from 2 to 5.5:1. Of these, only the Ca/P ratio and the manganese concentrations appeared to be abnormal.
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PMID:Effect of adding superphosphate to the drinking water on the fertility of dairy cows. 47 81

The current clinical use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is explored with attention to testicular function and pathology. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides insights into metabolic processes that are occurring in vivo. Information on these processes were, until now, only obtained through the use of invasive procedures such as biopsy, with the attendant undesired side effects. Phosphorus-31 (31P) MRS of the testes can provide unique metabolic information noninvasively and may provide clinicians with an alternative to the invasive procedures. The practical applicability of 31P MRS to the study of human infertility and testicular pathologies is described in some very preliminary studies.
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PMID:Phosphorus-31 MRS of human testicular function and viability. 260 37

Milk recording was initiated in 1980 in the Sahiwal district of the Punjab province in Pakistan with the aim of identifying superior cattle and buffalo cows. The paper describes how the recording scheme with some modification was utilised to obtain accurate information about production parameters, reproductive traits, blood mineral contents and the prevalence of certain diseases. The main findings indicate that the calving interval in cattle is even higher than previously estimated (22.3 months), that phosphorus and copper deficiency is widespread in the area and that reproductive diseases are not a major factor in infertility. It is concluded that the low reproductive efficiency among cattle and buffaloes in the Sahiwal district is due mainly to phosphorus and copper deficiency accompanied by a low level of feeding and management.
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PMID:Infertility and disease surveillance using a milk recording scheme in the Sahiwal district of Pakistan. 261 83

To evaluate the usefulness of phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) in assessing male infertility, we compared it with conventional semen analysis. Specimens were obtained from otherwise healthy patient groups as follows: group A, 7 fertile control subjects; group B, 12 azoospermic men after vasectomy; and group C, 11 patients presenting for infertility evaluation. Correlations between established semen analysis parameters and the 31P-MRS-derived ratio of glycerylphosphorylcholine to total phosphate (GPC/TP) were investigated. Group A controls had a mean GPC/TC ratio of 0.10 +/- 0.05, which was the same as that of group C. With the exception of significantly lowered motility and normal morphology in group C (p less than 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) semen analysis parameters in these two groups were similar. In contrast, the GPC/TP ratio in group B (0.05 +/- 0.04) was significantly different from the control (p less than 0.05), which appropriately reflected complete vasal occlusion. The results suggest that a significant portion of seminal GPC is derived from epididymal secretion and that 31P-MRS is useful for monitoring the GPC/TP levels when assessing epididymal function and male infertility.
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PMID:Assessment of male infertility: correlation between results of semen analysis and phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 291 84

The morpho-functional indexes of ejaculates from 35 healthy and 145 infertile men were studied. The depression of functional sperm activity was found in the majority of infertile men. Phospholipid analysis of whole ejaculates from 12 healthy and 35 infertile subjects was performed. It was shown that inorganic phosphorus of total phospholipids decreased in ejaculates of men with secretory infertility. Lyso-phosphatidyl choline (LPC) was not detected in ejaculates of men with relative infertility. The amount of lyso-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (lyso-PE) and sphingomyelin in whole ejaculates of those patients decreased. The levels of LPC and lyso-PE decreased in ejaculates of persons with associated infertility. The level of phosphatidyl inositol, LPC and PE decreased in ejaculates of men with secretory infertility. The gas-lipid chromatography analysis of fatty acids composition of whole ejaculates of the infertile men showed significant changes in quantity of fatty acids. The quantity of docosahexaenoic acid in ejaculates of infertile men decreased and positively correlated with motility of spermatozoa.
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PMID:[Lipid composition and fertility of human ejaculate]. 828 22

The phospholipid composition of spermatozoa in healthy subjects (n = 13) and infertile men (n = 38) was studied. The level of inorganic phosphorus of total phospholipids decreased in spermatozoa of infertile men (relative and excretory infertility). It was found that the phosphatidyl ethanolamine amount in spermatozoa of infertile men fell. The level of phosphatidyl serine had certain tendency to decrease as well. Lyso-phosphatidyl serine was detected in some samples of infertile spermatozoa. Correlation between the amount of spermatozoa, its motility, vitality etc. and content of some phospholipids was found.
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PMID:[Phospholipids of human spermatozoa and their role in ensuring fertility]. 828 24

Vitamin D is known to reverse infertility in male and female rats. This study was an investigation of the effects of vitamin D deficiency on calbindin-D28K (CaBP28K) and testosterone levels in male chickens. Chickens were raised from 1 day of age to 8 wk of age on a normal or a vitamin D-deficient diet. A radioreceptor assay showed that serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher in chickens fed a normal diet than in those fed a vitamin D-deficient diet. The morphology of the seminiferous tubules was not different between the vitamin D-replete and vitamin D-deficient chickens. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that CaBP28K was present in spermatogonia and spermatocytes of the seminiferous tubules. A few interstitial Leydig cells were positive for CaBP28K. RIA was used to quantify the amount of CaBP28K in the testes, which was threefold higher in chickens raised on a normal diet than in chickens raised on a vitamin D-deficient diet. Testosterone concentration in serum, determined by RIA, was not different between the two groups. Neither serum calcium nor phosphorus levels were different between the two groups. This investigation represents the first demonstration of the effect of vitamin D deficiency on CaBP28K expression in chicken testes. The results indicate that the decrease in testicular CaBP28K concentration was attributable to vitamin D deficiency despite normal serum testosterone and calcium levels in 8-wk-old chickens.
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PMID:Effect of vitamin D on testicular CaBP28K expression and serum testosterone in chickens. 883 22

Zinc and copper deficiencies have been reported in heifers of various breeds at four different locations in Sudan. These were Kuku (5 km north of Khartoum), Seleit (20 km northwest of Khartoum), Medani (180 km south of Khartoum) and El Obeid (600 km west of Khartoum). Phosphorus deficiency was only observed in the serum of heifers at El Obeid. The heifers at all locations showed delayed puberty, stunted growth and infertility. The heifers of the local breeds at El Obeid only attained puberty by 1530 days of age compared with 840 days for the pure Friesian heifers at Seleit. The crossbred animals at Kuku and Medani attained puberty at 1440 and 1020 days of age, respectively. The marginal or low zinc and copper contents in pasture, soil or animal feed may have been predisposing factors for the observed deficiencies and might have been responsible for the delayed age of puberty.
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PMID:A possible association between dietary intake of copper, zinc and phosphate and delayed puberty in heifers in Sudan. 1188 24

Phosphorus deficiency was diagnosed in a 90 cow seasonal supply dairy herd which showed low milk production, ill-thrift, infertility and osteophagia. Serum inorganic phosphorus and pasture phosphorus levels were low, pasture Ca:P ratios high and soil phosphorus levels very low; the soil phosphate retention value was 96%. The deficiency, which had probably existed for several years, was considered to be due to inadequate annual phosphate fertiliser applications on a high phosphate retaining soil. Phosphorus deficiency may have been exacerbated by the application of lime without phosphate several months before the onset of severe clinical disease. The finding of low sodium levels in pasture samples suggested that sodium deficiency may have co-existed and contributed to the clinical picture. Treatment, comprising bone flour dusting of pasture, water trough supplementation and phosphorus-containing injections, appeared to induce ovarian activity in anoestrous cows and suppress osteophagia, though controlled treatment trials were not performed. No improvement was noted in milk production or cow condition. Increased annual super-phosphate and reduced potassium applications were recommended, together with the monitoring of pasture and soil macro elements and serum phosphorus levels. A decision on whether to supplement with sodium would be based on the results of pasture monitoring, since a direct animal test is not currently available. It is suggested that phosphorus deficiency may not be uncommon in dairy herds in some North Island districts; based on the present case, the decline in New Zealand superphosphate quality in the 1970's and recently published data which has shown a high proportion of pasture phosphorus deficient sites in some North Island areas.
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PMID:Phosphorus deficiency in a dairy herd. 1603 Oct 14


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