Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hormonal stimulants of ovarian follicular maturation and anesthesia/surgery were examined for their effects on the concentration of plasma and follicular fluid PRL. Forty-seven patients undergoing in vitro fertilization for the treatment of infertility were selected at random for this prospective study. Patients given human menopausal gonadotropin and clomiphene citrate had significantly higher levels of plasma PRL compared to those given clomiphene only. Anesthesia/surgery elevated plasma PRL levels in all patients, by as much as 50-fold and to as high as 7878 mIU/liter. Follicular fluid PRL levels were correlated with preanesthetic plasma PRL concentrations, but the latter were not correlated with plasma 17 beta-estradiol. Elevated plasma or follicular fluid PRL concentrations had no effect on in vitro fertilization of oocytes or embryonic development. Although not significant, the incidence of pregnancy was highest in the group of patients with the lowest preanesthetic plasma PRL levels.
 ...
PMID:The influence of transient hyperprolactinemia on in vitro fertilization in humans. 391 45

The results obtained in wake and sleep conditions by PRL determinations performed in 6 normoprolactinemic infertile women with luteal phase deficiency (LPD) are reported. Infertility was apparently due to LPD. PRL levels were determined by RIA in blood samples collected at 20-min intervals from 18(00) to 08(00). LPD has been previously demonstrated by endometrial biopsy, basal temperature and circulating progesterone determinations. PRL levels were also determined in 5 normal women used as control subjects under the same experimental conditions. The results obtained, expressed as means +/- SD of LPD vs. control group, were 15.9 +/- 4.6 vs. 11.6 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (p greater than 0.1) in wake conditions and 31.9 +/- 5.9 vs. 21.4 +/- 5.7 ng/ml (p less than 0.01) in sleep conditions. PRL values during the highest pulse (HP) in sleep and wake conditions were 20.9 +/- 5.2 vs. 17.0 +/- 3.3 ng/ml (p less than 0.1) and 51.1 +/- 17.1 vs. 34.3 +/- 2.4 ng/ml (p less than 0.01), respectively. In 2 out of the 6 patients mean PRL values were 22.0 and 26.5 ng/ml during sleep, and 26.0 and 33.0 ng/ml during HP. These values were not statistically significant when compared with those obtained in the control group. The results obtained show that 4 out of the 6 patients with LPD and normal PRL levels in wake conditions had sleep-dependent hyperprolactinemia due to the pulses with a more significant amplitude. These findings suggest that in some cases sleep-induced hyperprolactinemia might be involved in LPD pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-dependent hyperprolactinemia and Corpus luteum pathogenesis. 405 95

Concentrations of peptide (alpha fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin [alpha-hCG], beta fraction of human chorionic gonadotropin [beta-hCG], luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH], and prolactin [PRL] ) and steroid hormones (testosterone [T], dihydrotestosterone [DHT], estrone [E1], estradiol [E2] and delta 4-androstenedione [A] ) were measured in the seminal plasma of 193 men. They were divided into three groups: group 1--patients attending an infertility clinic; group 2--normal volunteers of proven fertility; and group 3--men vasectomized at least 1 year prior to the study. Correlations among concentrations of hormones in seminal plasma and characteristics of the spermogram were studied. Seminal concentrations of alpha-hCG, beta-hCG, LH, T, and DHT were significantly higher in subjects with sperm in their ejaculate than in vasectomized men. No differences were observed among the groups in seminal concentrations of FSH, PRL, A, E1, and E2. Concentrations of beta-hCG and LH were highly correlated with the numbers and motility of sperm in the ejaculates. Testosterone concentrations were significantly correlated with motility of sperm.
 ...
PMID:Peptide and steroid hormone concentrations in human seminal plasma. 614 80

Infertile males with primary testicular failure, 6 with normal (Group I) and 7 with elevated gonadotropin levels (Group II), 9 patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (Group III) and 5 patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (Group IV) were investigated. Their serum TSH, PRL, hGH, FSH and LH responses to a single bolus of 200 micrograms TRH and 100 micrograms GnRH were measured and compared to the corresponding values obtained in 8 fertile healthy males of the same age group. The testosterone levels differed from the control only in the last two groups. Neither the basal TSH level nor the delta TSH differed between the groups. The latter was significant in all groups. The basal PRL level was similar in each group except in Group II. where the level was low. After TRH-GnRH treatment the PRL level increased significantly in each group but this increase was less in patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (9.94 +/- 2.6 nmol/l) when compared to the patients with primary testicular failure (Groups I, II, III, together, n = 22 17.10 +/- 2.12 nmol/l P less than 0.05). The basal levels of hGH and delta GH did not differ significantly between the groups. Both FSH and LH showed an exaggerated and protracted increase in patients with primary testicular failure with elevated basal gonadotropin level after TRH-GnRH, while in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism the response was slight. Neither the serum testosterone nor the serum FSH or LH level influenced the response of TSH and hGH to the TRH-GnRH test.
 ...
PMID:Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone on serum TSH, PRL, hGH, FSH and LH in primary testicular failure and in hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. 644 Jan 14

To evaluate the functional status of endometriotic implants, a luteal secretory product of endometrium, PRL, was measured in the PF of 27 infertile women with endometriosis, 13 infertile women without endometriosis, and 11 fertile women undergoing elective sterilization. PF PRL concentrations and PF/plasma PRL ratios were similar in all the groups and did not vary with the menstrual cycle or the stage of endometriosis. These data demonstrate that the ectopic endometrium in infertile women with endometriosis does not secrete PRL in amounts sufficient to elevate PF concentrations and suggest that the infertility observed in these women is probably not dependent upon the secretory activity of endometriotic implants.
 ...
PMID:Peritoneal fluid prolactin in infertile women with endometriosis: lack of evidence of secretory activity by endometrial implants. 650 83

The authors report the results of a study of 40 patients with normal serum prolactin levels who were treated with bromocriptine for sterility secondary to ovulatory disturbances. This therapy restored normal ovulatory cycling in 62.5% of cases with subsequent pregnancy in 27.5% of cases, in particular in patients with primary infertility of long duration. The course of "latent" hyperprolactinemia (peak of TRH, repeated dosages of PRL) was discovered in only one out of two patients who responded to treatment. In patients with "non-latent" normal serum prolactin levels, bromocriptine's mechanism of action is not always clear.
 ...
PMID:[The effects of bromocriptine in normoprolactinemic anovulation and dysovulation: followed by pregnancy in 11 cases]. 653 91

In order to determine whether infertility of unexplained aetiology would respond to therapy with bromocriptine, 50 regularly ovulating infertile patients were studied in a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Following an observation cycle in which midluteal urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion and late luteal serum PRL and hCG levels were determined, patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either bromocriptine or placebo for three cycles. Patients who did not conceive were then treated for three cycles with the alternative therapy. Eighteen women (36%) conceived, five during the observation cycle, four during treatment with bromocriptine, four whilst receiving placebo and five during the 12 month follow-up period. The pregnancy rate achieved in patients treated with bromocriptine was thus no better than that for the group as a whole.
 ...
PMID:Use of bromocriptine in unexplained infertility. 676 50

A protocol for the assessment of oligozoospermia prior to AIH is presented. Three to six carefully performed semen analyses at optimal intervals are required to confirm oligozoospermia. Routine semen analysis consist of volume, pH, viscosity, sperm count, motility, morphology, agglutination, fructose content, and leukocytes. Because of the high incidence of reproductive tract infection and chromosomal abnormalities in oligozoospermic men, microbiological investigation and full chromosomal analyses should be performed in all cases with sperm counts below 10 million/ml. Chromosomal abnormalities are an indication to reject a couple from AIH. Genital tract infections must be treated prior to insemination. Only sperm counts below 10 million/ml require the estimation of FSH levels. The existence of an oligozoospermia group with pituitary adenoma justifies routine PRL measurements in all cases of oligozoospermia and further investigations such as visual field examination and sella tomogram in case of hyperprolactinemia. Testicular biopsy may indicate an epididymal block that can be surgically repaired. Simultaneous in-depth evaluation of the female partner is emphasized, as oligozoospermia in the man does not rule out the possibility of an additional infertility factor in his partner. It is still controversial whether or not AIH, as compared to intercourse, will improve the conception rate for oligozoospermic men.
 ...
PMID:Andrological evaluation of oligozoospermic men for AIH. 678 5

The heterogeneity of serum PRL in a hyperprolactinemic but fertile woman (Patient A) was studied by gel chromatography. Ninety percent of her PRL eluted with the void volume as "big, big" PRL and only 6% coincided with monomeric "little" PRL. Sera from a woman who had hyperprolactinemia associated with infertility (Patient B) and a normal woman (Patient C) exhibited the usual heterogeneous distribution, where 5% and 19%, respectively, eluted as big, big PRL and 76% and 65%, respectively, eluted as little PRL. Serial dilutions of the serum from Patient A displayed nonparallelism to the lines obtained from similar dilutions of both PRL standard and serum from a normal woman, suggesting possible immunological differences among the three forms of the circulating hormone. This finding, together with reports that suggest big, big PRL has a low receptor affinity, may account for the apparent lack of any biological effect upon Patient A from her sustained hyperprolactinemia.
 ...
PMID:Maintained fertility in a patient with hyperprolactinemia due to big, big prolactin. 728 70

Differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (decidualization) is essential for embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. By sequential complementary DNA subtractive hybridization, one of the messenger RNAs (mRNA) induced by progesterone in human endometrial stromal cells decidualized in vitro was identified as that of a tissue transglutaminase type II (TGase). TGase mRNA was induced within 6 h after the addition of progesterone to the culture, and the effect was dose dependent. Both the TGase inhibitor monodansylcadaverine and oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the TGase mRNA inhibited the decidualization, as assessed by PRL production and morphological transformation. Expression of TGase mRNA in human decidua and endometria exposed to high levels of progesterone in vivo was demonstrated by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. These data suggest that TGase is necessary for the decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells and that clarification of the mechanism of action of TGase will facilitate further insight into the diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
 ...
PMID:Requirement for transglutaminase in progesterone-induced decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. 860 79


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>