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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy two infertile men were studied. History of small pox and mumps infection was noted in 4 and 3 patients respectively. Seven patients had varicocele (9.2%), and small atrophic testes were found in 9 (12.5%). Azoospermia was reported in 41 (58.3%) and oligospermia in 17 (23.6%), and 14 patients (19.4%) had normal sperm counts. Mycoplasma were grown from urethral swabs in 25 (35%) patients. Mean LH and FSH were elevated in azoospermics (p less than 0.001), E2-17B in oligospermics (p less than 0.001) and FSH in normospermic (p less than 0.01) patients. Hypergonadotropism suggestive of primary testicular failure was recorded in 43 (59.7%) patients. Hypogonadotropism was noted in 3 (4%) and hyperprolactinemia due to pituitary microadenoma induced infertility in only one patient. No aetiology could be determined in 11 (16%) patients.
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PMID:Aetiologic factors in male infertility: clinical, microbiological and hormonal evaluation. 163 74

A clinical study was done of 19 patients in our male infertility clinic, who were diagnosed as having a varicocele and showed atypical radionuclide accumulation in the dynamic image of scrotal scintigraphy. The semen quality was good in 26 percent and poor in 42 percent. Patients with severe congestion in the varicocele tended to be small in number. The dynamic images of the varicoceles were classified into two groups: one group with no radionuclide accumulation, and one group with patchy radionuclide accumulations. Surgical treatment was performed in patients with poor semen quality or with a long infertility period. Neither improvement in the semen quality nor impregnation was achieved postoperatively in patients who had shown no accumulation of the radionuclide in the dynamic imaging. In patients who had shown patchy radionuclide accumulations, the postoperative results were good. We concluded that preoperative dynamic imaging of scrotal scintigraphy is a good means of estimating the postoperative prognosis of fertility.
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PMID:Clinical study of infertile males with varicocele showing no typical radionuclide blood pooling on dynamic image of scrotal scintigraphy. 164 87

The hypoosmotic swelling test is a simple test for measuring the functional competence of human sperm membrane. Thirty-five patients with varicocele were assessed by hypoosmotic swelling test and the results were compared with those in patients with idiopathic infertility. Percentage of swollen sperm in varicocele tended to be lower than that in idiopathic infertility, especially in sperm concentration between 30 x 10(6)/mL and 40 x 10(6)/mL. Varicocele with sperm motility of 40% or more revealed lower percentage of swollen sperm than idiopathic infertility did. The results indicate that varicocele may particularly injure sperm membrane function because hypoosmotic swelling test is a test for measuring functional ability of human sperm membrane. The percentage of swollen sperm recovered after the operation earlier than did the other sperm parameters such as sperm concentration or motility, which indicates that impaired sperm membrane injury by varicocele is reversible.
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PMID:Hypoosmotic swelling test in patients with varicocele. 175 80

Fifty-two patients with varicocele underwent embolotherapy using stainless steel coils. Forty-six of the patients complained of infertility, four of scrotal mass and two of scrotal pain. The procedure was successful in 42 of the 52 patients (81%). Positive semen analyses increased 53% (16/30), and the number of subsequent pregnancies was five of 33 (15%). We conclude that embolotherapy with the coils is a useful therapeutic procedure for varicoceles.
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PMID:[Embolotherapy of varicocele by stainless steel coil]. 179 53

Varicocele normally presents itself in adolescence, with an incidence of 16 per cent. Less than one third of the boys, though, will suffer from male infertility in adulthood. Therefore, it seems excessive as well as imprudent to suggest surgery to all those patients. We worked out some parameters to identify "risky" cases of varicocele. From June to November 1990 we studied 45 patients from 10 to 16 years of age affected by varicocele, taking into consideration the following factors: puberal phase, symptomatology, degree of varicocele, testicular volume, Doppler ultrasound, hormonal profile. A Doppler ultrasound test evidenced a clinically undetected right reflux, in addition to a left varicocele, in 13 patients (34.4%). Sixty per cent of these 13 patients revealed a pathological response to LHRH test; this incidence is very close to that evidence in clinical bilateral varicocele. We believe that a right reflux showed by ultrasounds, represents a cause of further alteration in the patient's endocrinological balance in addition to increasing his risk of infertility. Purpose of this study was to draw a guideline for early diagnosis, correct treatment and follow-up of varicocele in peripubertal age.
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PMID:[Early diagnosis and correct treatment of varicocele in puberty]. 183 23

The author discusses the pathophysiology of infertility caused by varicocele and mentions experience reported in the literature. The author himself treated 16 boys of prepubertal age and considers early operation of varicocele during prepubertal age indicated.
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PMID:[Indications for surgical treatment of varicocele in the prepubertal age]. 192 82

This paper reports the case-control study of dangerous factors related to infertility in Henan province during 1987-1988. There were two groups. One was a primary infertility group with 319 couples. The other was a normal fertility group with 714 couples, who were neighbours of the first group, among whom the women's age range was within 6 years old. The survey materials were analyzed by SAS programmes in the computer. The methods of analysis were single factor and logistic regression analysis of factors. The results of single factor analysis showed that in male, infertility had a close relationship with eating edible rude cotton seed oil; suffering from Varicocele; hydrocele of tunica vaginalis; sex dysplasia; breast dysplasia; puberty enuresis; parotitis after puberty; familial infertility and working under high temperature conditions. In female, menstrual disorder; a sexuality or pain during coitus; familial infertility; TB and other chronic diseases might be major contributors to the incidence of infertility. The results of logistic regression analysis of the factors related to infertility suggested that in male, eating edible rude cotton seed oil, suffering form varicocele; sex dysplasia; puberty enuresis; and in female, menstrual disorder; TB; consanguineous marriage, lower rate of coitus, frequent contact with pernicious substances might be major dangerous factors causing infertility. The results of the logistic regression analysis were different from those of the single factor analysis because the former not only analyzed the major influence of each factor but also considered the comprehensive effects of the relevant factors.
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PMID:[A case-control study of dangerous factors related to infertility]. 193 44

High resolution color Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive means of simultaneously imaging and evaluating the blood flow to the testes. To define the ability of color Doppler ultrasound to detect clinically evident as well as subclinical varicoceles men referred to our urology division with oligospermia and infertility underwent spermatic vein venography of the left testis if there was physical examination and/or color Doppler ultrasound evidence of a varicocele. The detection of valvular incompetence on venography was considered diagnostic for a varicocele. Of 17 study patients physical examination detected 10 of 14 venographically evident varicoceles (71%), whereas color Doppler ultrasound detected 13 of 14 (93%). Of 5 patients with a normal physical examination but with color Doppler ultrasound evidence of a varicocele 4 had a confirmatory venogram, and 1 of 2 patients with a varicocele on physical examination and a normal Doppler ultrasound had a positive venogram. These data suggest that color Doppler ultrasound of the testis may more appropriately direct further invasive testing and therapy of infertile men than physical examination alone.
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PMID:Correlation of testicular color Doppler ultrasonography, physical examination and venography in the detection of left varicoceles in men with infertility. 143 45

The association of clinically apparent varicoceles with male subfertility and infertility has been noted in the urology literature since the late nineteenth century, and surgical ligation of varicoceles has been considered appropriate therapy in an attempt to improve semen quality and increase fertility for the past 40 years. It has been established by several authors cited herein that varicocele size does not predict prognosis after ligation reliably. Because subclinical varicoceles may affect testicular function and histologic characteristics adversely and because age at time of therapy may affect probability of successful enhancement of fertility, the interest of radiologists and urologists has been directed toward diagnosis and treatment of both clinically obvious and clinically occult varicoceles, particularly in young adult men or adolescent boys. Testicular growth after varicocele ligation in adolescent boys also suggests a benefit from early intervention. Sonographic evidence of a varicocele must be correlated with analysis of semen for sperm density, motility, and morphology, as not all patients with varicoceles are infertile. Although surgical therapy is standard for varicocele occlusion, fairly extensive evidence exists to show that percutaneous transvenous occlusion of varicoceles is feasible, safe, and effective, particularly in the setting of varicocele recurrence after conventional surgical treatment.
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PMID:Varicoceles. Radiologic diagnosis and treatment. 202 10

We used a retrospective case-control study design to compare sperm morphology in 50 varicocele patients and 50 patients with idiopathic infertility. Cases and controls were matched for the percentage of motile sperm and total sperm number per ejaculate. Varicocele patients had significantly more tapered sperm (36% +/- 3% versus 15% +/- 2%) and significantly fewer oval sperm (41% +/- 3% versus 47% +/- 2%). There was no significant difference between cases and controls in any other morphological type.
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PMID:Semen quality in varicocele patients is characterized by tapered sperm cells. 206 97


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