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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The semen from 20 men with varicocele was studied before and after surgical correction of the varicocele. The effect on sperm quality was only marginal and could not explain the fairly high conception rate (20%) after operation. The recommendation that varicocele in men with long-term infertility should be eliminated by ligation of the internal spermatic veins is still justified despite the absence of positive effects on sperm quality.
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PMID:Semen cahracteristics before and after ligation of the left internal spermatic veins in men with varicocele. 0 50

A specific assay based on the spectrophotometric determination of the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol-alpha-D-glucopyranoside by maltase has been used to measure the activity of the enzyme in seminal plasma and in homogenates of accessory reproductive organs. Specific activity of seminal plasma maltase was 467 muU/mg of proteins in 68 fertile men, decreased significantly in varicocele (296 muU/mg), in azoospermia (246 muU/mg) and in vasectomized patients (62 muU/mg). Application of ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 columns led to the demonstration that maltase activity of seminal plasma and of cytosols from normal reproductive organs was recovered in three different fractions. Maltase activity is thus frequently decreased in infertility.
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PMID:Origin of maltase and variations in infertile men. 36 66

Two hundred sixteen consecutive infertility patients were examined with the Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope to detect incompetence of the gonadal vein valves, the precursor of frank varicocele. All 75 men with clinically palpable varicoceles had positive Doppler findings. In 33 cases varicocele could not be definitely excluded because of unsatisfactory physical examinations; the Doppler findings were negative in 13, positive in 13 and equivocal in 7 of these men. Eighty-nine men had no evidence of varicocele on physical examination and negative Doppler findings. However, 19, patients with no palpable varicocele had positive Doppler examinations. With respect to testicular size and semen quality, this subclinical varicocele group could not be clearly distinguished from patients with idiopathic semen quality depression. Nevertheless, five men with subclinical varicocele and oligoasthenospermia underwent internal spermatic vein ligation. Postoperatively, four had negative Doppler examinations. Two patients showed a significant improvement in semen quality, and both men fathered children after several months. We believe that these preliminary results justify further investigation of "subclinical varicocele".
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PMID:A preliminary report of "subclinical varicocele": diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope. Examination and initial results of surgical therapy. 43 82

Traditionally, studies on the relationship between scrotal or testicular temperature and infertility have concerned patients with varicoceles. However, some varicoceles are difficult to palpate and, in fact, there now appears to be an entity called subclinical varicocele. These data have led to the development of a new diagnostic tool, a contact thermography camera, which is inexpensive in comparison to infrared thermography units, is portable and provides consistent permanent recordings of scrotal temperature. The initial use of this camera in 30 patients seen in an infertility clinic is reported.
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PMID:Contact scrotal thermography: application to problems of infertility. 45 87

In the evaluation of male and female infertility the history, family history, physical examination, and endocrine and gonadal functional evaluations are the most informative measures. The cause of the infertility is never found in some 17.5% of couples and in almost one fourth of males. In over one third of cases male infertility is attributed to varicocele. In 40% of women infertility can be attributed to ovulatory or cervical factors, uterotubal disease, endometriosis and other pelvic disease, or a combination of these factors. For couples with primary infertility the fertility rate after seven years is only 36%; in such cases the neonatal death rate, frequency of low birth weight, and incidence of major malformations are several time greater than in the normal population.
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PMID:Genetic causes and workup of male and female infertility. 3. Details of the clinical evaluation. 47 40

Circulating gonadotropin and testosterone levels in infertile men with varicocele and sperm counts of less than 10(7)/ml were correlated with testicular Leydig cell density and in vitro testosterone synthesis. A significant correlation was found between Leydig cell density and both plasma testosterone levels and in vitro testosterone synthesis. Luteinizing hormone (LH) levels paralleled the in vitro testosterone synthesis. Although in the majority of patients, in vitro testosterone synthesis and Leydig cell density were low, plasma testosterone and LH levels were within the normal range. The only abnormal circulating hormonal level was high follicle-stimulating hormone in the most severely oligospermic patients. No difference were found between the right and left testes with regard to in vitro testosterone synthesis or Leydig cell density, and no correlation with patient age or site or degree of varicocele could be demonstrated. These findings suggest that Leydig cell dysfunction was the mechanism responsible for the oligospermia and infertility of these patients.
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PMID:Leydig cell density and function and their relation to gonadotropins in infertile oligospermic men with varicocele. 47 17

Varicocele frequently causes male infertility and histological lesions at the contralateral testis. The most frequent lesions found in this study included maturation arrest in the spermatidic phase, cellular and acellular thickening of the tubular wall, and degeneration of the Leydig cells. These lesions were typical of varicocele and their simultaneous presence suggests that scrotal temperature and modified endocrine secretion of the interstitial testis play a role in the pathogenesis of this type of infertility.
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PMID:Histological lesions in the testis of infertile men with varicocele. 49 12

Testicular biopsies from 81 patients with varicocele were evaluated by the score count method. Thirty-two patients sought treatment for infertility. Bilateral biopsies were performed in 47. Spermatogenesis was generally reduced in patients with varicocele, but there was no difference between the right and left tests. The testicular biopsy mean score correlated significantly with the total sperm count. There was no correlation between the size of the varicocele and the reduction in spermatogenesis. Although varicocele is nearly always left-sided, its mechanism of action must involve both testes. This mechanism is still unknown.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of testicular biopsies in varicocele. 62 Aug 43

Testicular biopsies and semen samples were examined before and approximately 1 year after operation for varicocele in 39 men. Two men were excluded because of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. Of the remaining 37, 22 were operated upon for infertility. The testicular biopsies were quantitated with the score count method. The operation for varicocele significantly improved the testicular tissue. THe numbers of tubuli obtaining a high score increased and the biopsy mean scores also increased significantly. However, few testes became perfectly normal. The duration or the size of the varicocele apparently has little effect upon the state of the testicular tissue or the change in it after operation.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of testicular biopsies before and after operation for varicocele. 62 Aug 44

Both partners of 455 infertile couples seen consecutively were evaluated. When indicated the female partners were treated. Six semen specimens from each male subject were analyzed. A varicocele was diagnosed in 23.7 per cent of the men. More than 60 per cent of the men with a varicocele had sperm counts less than 40 million per ml., while 67 per cent without a varicocele had sperm counts more than 40 million per ml. The mean and total sperm counts of men with a varicocele were significantly lower than those without a varicocele. However, the pregnancy rates were not significantly different. The pregnancy rate was 46 per cent in couples whose male partners underwent a varicocelectomy, not significantly different from the pregnancy rate achieved in couples when the varicoceles were not corrected surgically (51 per cent). Varicocelectomy resulted in improvement in sperm count only when preoperative counts were more than 10 million per ml. Pregnancy rates for couples in which a varicocelectomy did or did not result in improvement in sperm count or motility were identical (45.1 and 45.5 per cent, respectively). These findings suggest that in male partners of infertile couples the presence of a varicocele is associated with compromised semen quality but not with diminished fertility when the female partners are treated. This observation emphasizes the importance of considering infertility as a problem of a couple, rather than a specific disorder of one of the partners.
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PMID:Relationship of varicocele to sperm output and fertility of male partners in infertile couples. 73 7


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