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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The sequelae of sexually transmitted diseases most seriously affect women and their infants. Pelvic inflammatory disease with associated ectopic pregnancy and infertility leads the list. Male infertility as a result of sexually transmitted diseases appears uncommon.
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PMID:Sequelae of sexually transmitted diseases. 218 8

The ability of the semen analysis either by routine methods (RSA) or computer-assisted means (CSA) to predict male infertility was evaluated by determining the pregnancy rates during an 8-month span in a large group of infertile couples where a female fertility factor was identified and presumably corrected. The males were untreated. Not only was CSA less effective than RSA in predicting a male infertility factor, but also neither CSA or RSA seemed capable of identifying infertility unless severely abnormal. It would appear that there is definite need to find more accurate methods of evaluating the spermiogram.
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PMID:Computer assisted semen analysis not superior to routine analysis in distinguishing fertile from subfertile men. 220 67

Advances in assisted human conception in the last twenty years were founded on the detailed knowledge of the mammalian reproductive cycle gained in the earlier years of this century. Several lines of study coincided in the 1960's, including the use of ovarian stimulants to regulate follicle growth, oocyte maturation and ovulation, fertilization and embryonic growth in vitro, and the introduction of safer and better methods of laparoscopy. A combination of these techniques with embryo replacements in the uterus permitted the introduction of IVF for the alleviation of infertility. In turn, these methods were extended to other forms of assisted conception, including GIFT, which gave a wider choice of methods for the treatment of specific causes of infertility. Advances during the last decade include rapid progress in the use of ultrasound, the introduction of the LHRH agonists in new forms of stimulation, embryo cryopreservation, and micromanipulative techniques on oocytes and embryos for the alleviation of male infertility and the diagnosis of genetic disease in preimplantation embryos.
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PMID:Development of assisted conception. 220 94

Our understanding of the causes of male infertility and our ability to develop an appropriate range of diagnostic tests are both dependent upon a knowledge of the cellular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of human sperm function. This review examines the intra- and extracellular factors regulating four separate components of human sperm function: sperm transport, sperm-egg recognition, the acrosome reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. Within each of these areas the fundamental nature of the process, the control mechanisms involved, the availability of appropriate diagnostic tests and the relationship with human infertility have been considered.
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PMID:Evaluation of human sperm function. 220 99

Up to 1/3 of women of child bearing age are infertile in certain African areas. Over 1000 patients registered at Bawku Hospital, Upper East Region, Ghana during an 18-month period, where a scheme for the investigation and treatment of infertile patients was established. The 5 main causes of infertility are: 1) tubal damage; 2) male factor; 3) anovulation; 4) uterine factor; and 5) unexplained. Special clinics are set up for infertility; outpatient staff are recruited. A preprinted questionnaire should be used for a uniform approach. The one used in Bawku is shown in the appendix. Health talks should be given. They should use the local language be at the right level, and use visual aids. In large clinics, numbers should be used to insure a 1st come, 1st served basis. A treatment protocol is important. When the patient 1st walks in, the infertility form is completed; appropriate investigations are done--hemoglobin, VDRL, seminal analysis, and cervical or high vagina swabs, and others--and the results are reviewed. The patient is encouraged to keep a menstrual calendar for 3 months. At the 2nd visit, the menstrual calendar is reviewed. A pelvic examination and a tubal patency test (TPT) are done. At the 3rd visit, abdominal and pelvic examinations are done and a TPT. Then patients can be diagnosed and counselled accordingly. At the last visit, further explanation is given, further TPTs are done if necessary, and anovulation is treated with clomiphene. The visits are spread out over 6 months. In unexplained fertility cases, the couple is told there is nothing wrong, they should keep trying. The idea that the man may be causing the infertility is foreign to many communities. This needs changing. 20% of infertility is due to male factor in Bawku. Male infertility is hard to cure. Cultural considerations prevent the clinician from telling the patient that her partner is infertile. They will tell her that there is nothing wrong with her. Approximately 15% become pregnant. The clinic has a strong psychological component.
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PMID:Infertility: an approach to management in a district hospital in Ghana. 175 Aug 65

Bilateral vasa aplasia is considered an invariable finding in cystic fibrosis, but such patients are rarely seen in male infertility clinics. The improved survival beyond 20 years of age is likely to change this. In a clinical study of a group of male cystics the vasa were absent in 8 of 11 boys and epididymal abnormalities were palpable in the majority. The main cause of infertility appears to be mechanical obstruction. Whether the absence is due to a primary failure of mesonephric duct development or secondary to luminal obstruction and subsequent atrophy is not known.
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PMID:Vasa aplasia and cystic fibrosis. 224 27

Initially developed to treat tubal infertility, in vitro fertilization (IVF) has acquired wider indications when the pregnancy rates have improved. IVF is now offered to couples as the ultimate solution in case of tubal infertility (with Fallopian tubes that are altered or definitively out of action), in case of unexplained infertility or in case of male infertility. In addition, it has been used in endometriosis, in cervical mucus problems or after failure of donor insemination. If at least one tube is healthy (unexplained or male infertility), a gamete intra-Fallopian transfer (GIFT) may be proposed. At the moment, IVF is not only the ultimate therapy but also the ultimate diagnostic test for infertile couples.
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PMID:[Indications of fertilization in vitro (FIV) and intratubal transfer]. 228 Dec 74

This report describes the results of gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) in 102 treatment cycles for male infertility and in 202 cycles for unexplained infertility. Twenty-one pregnancies out of 102 GIFT replacements (20.6 p. 100) were obtained in male infertility and 74 pregnancies out of 202 GIFT replacement (36.6 p. 100) were established. One hundred and forty-five pregnancies were obtained out of 348 zygote intra-fallopian transfers (ZIFT) (41 p. 100).
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PMID:[Curreny results of GIFT and ZIFT]. 228 Dec 78

Sulfogalactosylglycerolipid (SGG) is the major mammalian male germ cell glycolipid and has been implicated in sperm/egg binding. Mycoplasma pulmonis, a species of Mollicutes, is associated with male infertility in rodents. Purified SGG incubated in the presence of M. pulmonis was enzymatically degraded by both desulfation and deacylation. Desulfation occurred primarily at alkaline pH, and deacylation also increased with increased pH, indicating that these represent novel enzymatic activities. Digestion was facilitated, but not dependent on, the presence of detergent. Rat spermatozoa exposed to M. pulmonis showed a reduction in SGG content which was particularly marked for cauda (mature) spermatozoa. With the aid of tlc overlay binding procedure, intact M. pulmonis were found to bind specifically to sulfated glycolipids and thus SGG may provide the cell membrane receptor for this organism. The topology of mycoplasma binding to rat sperm was consistent with the known topology of sperm SGG. The reduced binding (and subsequent digestion) of caput spermatozoan SGG correlates with the membrane colocalization of SGG and its endogenous binding protein at this stage. Separation of SGG and its binding protein during epididymal sperm maturation appears to facilitate M. pulmonis binding to and digestion of cauda sperm SGG. The binding and degradation of the sperm SGG by M. pulmonis may play a role in the induction of infertility which follows infection with these organisms by interfering in sperm/egg receptor recognition.
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PMID:Male germ cell specific sulfogalactoglycerolipid is recognized and degraded by mycoplasmas associated with male infertility. 229 20

Pyrimethamine's antifertility effects in the male mouse suggest that this agent has potential as a male contraceptive. This dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor was administered to 72 adult male Swiss-Webster mice over a 50-day period at dosages ranging from 10-200 mg/kg/day. During the last 10 days of drug administration, the study mice were exposed to 3 female mice who underwent 2 reproductive cycles. The female mice were examined for gravidity 19 days after the onset of the breeding cycle. Male infertility was dose-dependent, with no pregnancies occurring among the partners of mice who received the maximum dosage of pyrimethamine. Also inversely proportional to dosage were the number and motility of epididymal sperm in the treated mice and mean seminiferous tubule diameter and testicular and epididymal weights. Time course analysis revealed that the drug begins to exert its antifertility effect 33 days after administration and nearly complete infertility is achieved with 50 days, suggesting that pyrimethamine acts on early-midspermatogenesis. All mice returned to normal fertility status 44 days after treatment ended, and epididymal sperm reserves, sperm motility, and testicular and epididymal weights also returned to baseline values within this time period. Of particular interest was the finding that when pyrimethamine was administered to another group of mice for 80 days, infertility was significantly reduced beyond that achieved in 50 days, yet there were no further effects on testicular epididymal function. It would appear that pyrimethamine's mechanism of action is its antifolate action, with the main effect occurring on the testes rather than the epididymis.
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PMID:Pyrimethamine: an approach to the development of a male contraceptive. 230 8


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