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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Male sterility may be caused by a numerical or structual abnormality of the chromosomes; these disorders can disturb the development and maturation of the male sex cells, excluding therapeutical treatment. 6% of the infertile men have chromosome aberrations. The authors have studied sterility in men with normally developed testicles and secondary sexual characteristics. In the 1st group of patients, there was no evidence of chromosome aberration; histological examinations of the testicles showed all stages of the spermato- and spermiogenesis. In this group, infertility was caused by secretory obturation. In the 2nd group, there was no chromosome aberration but the spermatogenesis was completely stopped. The influence of cytogenic factors is excluded as the choromosomes were normal. In the 3rd group, there were several chromosome abnormalities. However these abnormalities were not having any effect on the spermatogenesis. It is possible that they were congenital. The 4th group consisted of patients with no chromosome abnormality, but their spermatogenesis was interrupted after the division and the spermatocytes did not develop properly. The authors feel that histology is the best method available to understand the etiology of male infertility.
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PMID:[Etiology of male sterility]. 98 22

The causes of male infertility are still poorly understood, and asymptomatic bacteriospermia in the male can cause infertility. A new method was evaluated for examination of bacteriologic cultures of semen specimens. Treatment of the male shows successful results with pregnancies following.
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PMID:Asymptomatic bacteriospermia. Cause of infertility in men. 99 51

The demand for insemination by donor (AID) is created by the increasing difficulty of finding children for adoption and the inability to treat male infertility. There should be complete registration of donor characteristics including blood type, and preferably the donor should be a father of children to evaluate genetic hazard. At present parents would likely wish to conceal the fact that a child is the result of AID. In law it would be regarded as the illegitimate offspring of the semen donor and hence could have a claim on his estate. On the other hand, the child could claim damages from the doctor for witholding identity of the natural father. In vitro fertilization has moral import but this is not of immediate interest since the procedure has not been developed in primates. What research is done in this field should be carried out in laboratory primates and not human beings. The procedure of choice in tubal occlusion is to surgically reconstruct the tubes. This has a reasonable high success rate and brings about a more long-lasting cure for infertility. Genetic screening is now possible; the question arises over costs and health risks of an effective screening program for a comparatively rare disease. The ethics of organ transplants are also considered.
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PMID:Focus: current issues in medical ethics. 110 Aug 32

Two distinct types of spermatid malformation resulting in teratozoospermia are demonstrated in two patients by means of light and electron microscopy. In one case of male infertility, a disturbance of the process of nuclear condensation was found which yielded pathological spermatozoa with triangular or hookshaped heads. In another case of infertility, exclusively polynucleated spermatids were detected. Atypical acrosomes, showing widely varying structural features, interconnect the nuclei. The significant of these malformations for the understanding of the differentiation of spermatids is discussed.
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PMID:[Light and electron microscopy studies on malformed spermatids in 2 cases of teratozoospermia]. 112 48

Canine brucellosis is a worldwide disease of dogs characterized prinicpally by abortions in females and epididymitis and infertility in males. It originally was observed in the USA, but recently it has been discovered in Japan, Mexico, Peru, Germany and, possibly, in Brazil. It affects dogs of all breeds and has been diagnosed in breeding kennels and in stray dogs. Several human cases have occurred, with 6 being accidental infections by laboratory personnel. B. canis, like B. ovis, is naturally mucoid, lacking "S" antigens. Serological tests therefore are not appropriate to classification. On the basis of manometric technics, B. canis is similar to B. suis; nevertheless the host range excludes swine. Agreement on its taxonomic status is not universal, although it has been provisionally accepted by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Brucella as a new species. A brief review of salient characteristics of B. canis was presented, however the principal discussion focused on recently observed aspects of the immunopathogenesis of male infertility and reported the development of a rapid slide agglutination test, using as antigen a concentrated and stained (Rose Bengal dye) suspension of B. ovis.
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PMID:Canine brucellosis: newer knowledge. 126 39

Mycoplasmas have been well established as pathogens of the bovine urogenital tract, and produce pathologic lesions resulting in infertility. Serologic examination of cattle with infertility problems with Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis show a high incidence of positive reactors suggesting that mycoplasmas play an important role in bovine infertility. The similarities of pathologic lesions in the urogenital tract of cattle and women with infertility problems and the frequency of isolation of mycoplasmas from human females suggest closer examination for mycoplasmas in human infertility. Studies with bulls suggest that mycoplasmas as a cause of human male infertility should not be ignored.
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PMID:Infertility of cattle caused by mycoplasmas. 127 Feb 64

A total of 134 testicular biopsies from infertile men were studied. The potentially treatable causes of infertility viz. Normal spermatogenesis with post-testicular obstruction, maturation arrest and hypospermatogenesis together constituted about 54 percent of all cases. The incurable causes viz., germ cell aplasia, tubular fibrosis and Klinefelter's syndrome together constituted about 42 percent of all cases. Testicular biopsy in male infertility is a very useful procedure since it gives a lot of information on the diagnosis and helps in planning treatment.
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PMID:Testicular biopsy in male infertility. 128 51

Animal experiments and clinical studies on the interactions between growth hormone (GH) and the male hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis have predominantly concentrated on GH and sex steroid interactions in the regulation of growth and development, or on the metabolic effects of GH. In contrast, little attention has been paid to the possible effects of GH on spermatogenesis, although the first report dealing with this topic was published almost 30 years ago. The interactions of GH and its main mediator, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and their role in spermatogenesis have recently been investigated using in vitro systems and different animal models (mice and rats). Using Leydig and Sertoli cell cultures, complex interactions between GH/IGF-I and the gonadotropins affecting differentiated cell functions, e.g. steroidogenesis and cell division, have been demonstrated at the cellular level. In vivo studies using immature and mature hypophysectomized rats and GH-deficient mutant male mice and rats indicate that IGF-I can play an important role in the regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. Furthermore, although follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are the major regulators of testicular IGF-I production, GH may play an indirect role by potentiating the actions of the gonadotropins in regulating testicular IGF-I content. A large proportion of men presenting at male-infertility clinics are diagnosed as having idiopathic infertility. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether defects associated with GH and/or IGF-I effects in the testis are the cause of male infertility in a small group of these patients.
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PMID:The role of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in the regulation of male reproductive function. 129 9

Sixty-five couples with male infertility or unexplained infertility or infertility due to cervical factor underwent 156 cycles of homologue intrauterine insemination. The overall pregnancy rate was 16.5% with 2.4 mean value of insemination cycles for each couple. The highest pregnancy rate was observed in cases of cervical factor infertility. The mean age of patients who had pregnancy was 30 years (overall mean value 34 years) and the mean time of sterility was 3 years (overall mean value 4.4 years).
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PMID:[Homologous intrauterine insemination: our experience]. 129 54

From January 1987 to December 1990, 1,415 patients were enrolled for in vitro fertilisation (IVF), series 26-41, at the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine. They underwent 2,393 IVF cycles. The most common indications were tubal factor (57.3%), male infertility (22.0%), endometriosis (10.9%), and idiopathic infertility (5.2%). This represented a significant decrease in the proportion of cycles performed for tubal disease and an increase in the proportion of cycles performed for male infertility as compared with the earlier series 1-16, 1981-1984. Total pregnancy rates from fresh transfers remained stable for most indications, being the lowest for diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure (16.7%), and highest for immunologic infertility (47.6%). In addition, patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) had a high pregnancy rate (47.2%) from fresh transfers but a high first trimester abortion rate as well (19.4%). The ongoing pregnancy rate from fresh transfers for the whole population was around 19.0%, being highest for patients with immunologic infertility (31.8%) and lowest for DES exposed patients (9.3%). The cumulative ongoing pregnancy rate to date for the whole population from fresh and cryopreserved embryos was 21.6% per embryo transfer (range from 13.3% for DES patients to 33.3% for immunologic infertility). The projected ongoing pregnancy rate as obtained from adding the number of cumulative pregnancies to date to the number of predicted ongoing pregnancies calculated from the remaining frozen embryos was 23.9% for the whole population (range 16.7% for DES patients to 33.3% for immunologic infertility).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Indications for in vitro fertilisation: changing trends: the Norfolk experience. 130 13


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