Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021359 (infertility)
 26,075 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sixty-four women with poorly invading spermatozoa on postcoital tests (PCT's) were investigated for serum spermatozoal antibodies by the immunofluorescent technique. Control groups tested were women with explained infertility but normal PCT's, normal pregnant women, and normal previously pregnant women. A positive immunofluorescent test was obtained in 19 of 64 women with abnormal PCT's compared with 26 of 51 patients with explained infertility, including 11 of 13 who had well-identified gynecological disorders, 12 of 61 pregnant women, and one of 59 previously pregnant normal women. High titers (larger than or equal to 1/200) were found in a few patients in all groups except normal nonpregnant women. In no patient was evidence of complement fixation found. The immunofluorescent test, as carried out here, is therefore of little value in discriminating a group of patients in whom immunologic abnormalities are the primary cause of the infertility.
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PMID:Antibodies against spermatozoa in infertile women with poorly invading spermatozoa on postcoital tests. 4 13

The role of mycoplasmas in infertility was studied in 120 couples. During the 12 months of the study, 27 couples (22.5%) conceived. T mycoplasmas were isolated from 63% of these couples and Mycoplasma hominis from 18%, compared with 56% and 13%, respectively, in those who did not conceive. 88, with primary infertility of unascertained cause, took part in a controlled trial with doxycycline. The couples in the trial were allocated randomly to 3 groups; 30 received doxycycline, 28 a placebo, and 30 couples were untreated. Although a 28-day course of doxycycline eradicated M. hominis and T-strain mycoplasmas from 27 (96%) of the 28 couples harboring them, the rate of conception was no higher in those treated with the drug than in the control groups. It is concluded that mycoplasmas are not associated with primary infertility and that, although doxycycline eradicated them, the drug is of no benefit in the treatment of primary infertility of unascertained cause.
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PMID:Doxycycline treatment and human infertility. 4 49

Two commonly used live-dead stains (eosin-nigrosin (EN) and eosin-opal blue (EOB)) were compared with the estimated active spermatozoa in semen samples from patients attending an infertility service. Twenty-eight semen samples were analyzed throughout the day of their collection by estimating the number of active spermatozoa and by staining a portion of the incubated sample (37 degrees C) with each stain. The samples were analyzed 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after the initial collection. At 30 minutes there were no significant differences between the estimated values and those of either stain. The slope of the EN stain closely paralleled that of the estimated measurements throughout the remainder of the time periods, while the EOB slope was somewhat steeper. Repeatability of values for semen samples obtained on different days was generally good for each stain. A comparison of semen samples from 85 patients, 30 minutes after collection, showed no significant differences between the numbers of estimated active sperm and the percentage live using the EN stain. Studies of 132 semen samples using the EN stain showed a positive correlation with the over-all quality of sperm motility. The results indicate that there is a role for live-dead staining in assessing semen quality.
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PMID:A comparison of subjective measurements of human sperm motility and viability with two live-dead staining techniques. 5 Feb 37

17 women with premenstrual symptoms received bromocriptine (CB 154) and placebo in a double-blind crossover manner. 5 because pregnant and 10 who completed 2 cycles showed significant improvement in breast symptoms, oedema, weight gain, and mood with bromocriptine. Prolactin concentrations were suppressed. In 34 women with premenstrual symptoms, who had been warned of possible increased fertility, bromocriptine 2-5 mg twice daily from the 10th day of the menstrual cycle for 1--11 months gave marked or complete relief. 45 women attending the infertility clinic took 2-5 mg bromocriptine twice daily for 186 cycles; 23 became pregnant, 2 had marked relief and 20 complete relief from premenstrual symptoms. The relief of premenstrual symptoms by bromocriptine may be due to suppression of prolactin concentrations, which may be a major factor in premenstrual syndrome.
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PMID:Premenstrual tension and functional infertility. Aetiology and treatment. 5 6

The behaviour of sperms has been investigated in preovulatory cervical mucus in 44 infertile couples. In 22 couples, immobilising and agglutinating autoantibodies were detected in the husband's sera in high titres. In 10 couples, antisperm antibodies were detected in the husbands by indirect immunofluorescent testing. In 12 couples, no evidence of antisperm antibodies was found in either husbands or wives. The results obtained with husband and wife were compared with the behaviour of the husband's sperms in cervical mucus from fertile donors, and with the behaviour of sperms from fertile donors in the wives' mucus. This crossed hostility test indicated that high tires of immobilising and agglutinating antisperm antibodies in the husband effectively prevented the sperms from penetrating the cervical mucus, even though the sperms appeared normal on seminal analysis. Antibodies detected by indirect immunofluorescence did not have this effect. Poor penetration was also observed with low sperm motility or poor cervical mucus. It is concluded that this test, taken with the postcoital test, could provide a useful screen for immunological causes of infertility and an accurate test for the clinical relevance of antisperm antibody tests.
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PMID:Sperm/cervical-mucus crossed hostility testing and antisperm antibodies in the husband. 6 29

Human and pig ovaries were tested by agar gel diffusion and found to contain several cross-reacting (common) antigens. At least one common antigen was located in the zona pellucida as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Serum samples from 22 infertile women were tested on pig eggs by immunofluorescence, and six of these samples produced strong and nine produced moderate reactions with the zona pellucida. The autoantibodies may be responsible for infertility in these women.
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PMID:Autoantibodies to zona pellucida: a possible cause for infertility in women. 7 76

A number of cases of infertility were discovered among men working in a California pesticide factory. The suspected cause was exposure to the chemical 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (D.B.C.P.). The major effects, seen in 14 of 25 non-vasectomised men, were azoospermia or oligospermia and raised serum-levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinising hormone. No other major abnormalities were detected, and testosterone levels were normal. Although a quantitative estimation of exposure could not be obtained, the observed effects appeared to be related to duration of exposure to D.B.C.P.
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PMID:Infertility in male pesticide workers. 7 55

7949 male doctors in the U.K. were surveyed to determine whether there was a relation between operating-theatre work (exposure) and abnormalities in the obstetric history of their marriages. Paternal exposure did not appear to influence the overall abortion-rate or the frequency of major congenital abnormality and involuntary infertility. The frequency of minor congenital abnormality in the children of exposed fathers was 3.09% compared with 2.35% (non-exposed). Maternal exposure was associated with a 15.5% frequency of abortion. Matching of exposed and non-exposed pregnancies with respect to birth order, maternal age, and smoking-habits suggests that the risk of abortion may increase by 158% to 271% with maternal exposure.
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PMID:Anesthetic practice and pregnancy. Controlled survey of male anaesthetists in the United Kingdom. 7 66

The potential role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in human infertility make it desirable to screen barren couples for this infection. Semen specimens from 96 consecutive patients were evaluated in our clinic. Microbiologic results were correlated with the percentage of coiled and fuzzy tails in seminal cytology. These features were then used in a double-blind study to predict Ureaplasma infection in another group of 100 randomly selected patients. It was possible to predict the presence or absence of Ureaplasma prior to laboratory culture in 70% of specimens. False-positive diagnoses were made in 19%. The diagnosis was false-negative in 11%.
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PMID:Light microscopy as an aid in predicting ureaplasma infection in human semen. 8 20

55 of 100 new female patients attending an infertility clinic had serum-prolactin concentrations greater than the upper limit of normal (360 mU/l). There was no significant correlation between serum-prolactin value and clinical features including age, duration of infertility, past reproduction, menstrual pattern, past use of oral contraception, or pregnancy-rate after treatment. The place of serum-prolactin estimations in the management of infertile women is unclear, particularly since the precision of currently available radioimmunoassays is questionable. The major value of serum-prolactin estimations lies in identifying those patients in whom further investigation for pituitary tumour is indicated both before treatment and during any ensuing pregnancy, and in selecting patients suitable for bromocriptine therapy.
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PMID:Serum-prolactin in female infertility. 8 44


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