Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021345 (infectious mononucleosis)
 3,358 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Silver-intensification methods described in the literature for the diaminobenzidine (DAB) and diaminobenzidine-nickel (DAB/Ni) endproduct of the peroxidase reaction were compared in model systems after immunoperoxidase and in situ hybridization. First, these methods were compared in immunohistochemical model systems, using the demonstration of glial fibrillar acidic protein (GFAP) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in paraffin sections of human brain and prostate tissue, respectively. When DAB without Ni was used as substrate, tissue argyrophilia caused considerable background staining. Only when this tissue reactivity was quenched with, e.g., CuSO4 with H2O2 or thioglycolic acid, were the results acceptable. A considerable improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio could be obtained when nickel was included in the substrate mixture. The methods that proved to be best for demonstration of GFAP and PSA made use of acid developer solutions. Subsequently, these methods were compared with other sensitive immunostaining methods for demonstration of the gamma-delta T-cell receptor in frozen lymphoid tissue. In this model a considerable increase in the number of positive cells could be obtained using silver intensification. The different methods using DAB/Ni were also compared for use in DNA in situ hybridization (DISH). In this case two model systems were used: human papilloma virus type 11 (HPV-11) DNA in condyloma tissue (abundant target model) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in a mononucleosis lymph node (low target model). For demonstration of HPV-11, all methods gave more or less satisfactory results, which were best with the acid developer solutions. Moreover, for demonstration of EBV DNA, a signal could be obtained only with these developer solutions. Such a method also proved suitable in double immuno-hybrido stainings for the demonstration of EBV DNA in specific antigen-positive Reed-Sternberg cells in paraffin sections of Hodgkin lymph nodes.
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PMID:Application and comparison of silver intensification methods for the diaminobenzidine and diaminobenzidine-nickel endproduct of the peroxidation reaction in immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. 153 4

An anti-EBV IgM-ELISA was developed using the antibody-capture principle, to be used for the diagnosis of acute infectious mononucleosis (IM). The test was based on anti-human IgM-coated microtiter plates; nuclei of EBV producer cells were used for antigen; conjugate was prepared by labeling sheep anti-EBV IgG with horseradish peroxidase. The specificity of the anti-EBV IgM-ELISA was studied with a panel of sera from acute infections with hepatitis A virus, rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii and cytomegalovirus, and sera positive for rheumatoid factors, positive for antinuclear antibodies, as well as with sera from normal blood donors and pregnant women. Specificity in these panels was 98.4%. In a clinical study with 449 sera from patients with IM-like symptoms, 109 of 109 confirmed patients were detected by the anti-EBV IgM-ELISA. Specificity of the anti-EBV IgM-ELISA in this clinical study was 99.7%. The anti-EBV IgM-ELISA detected several acute EBV patients who had negative heterophile antibody titers.
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PMID:Development of an antibody-capture IgM-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of acute Epstein-Barr virus infections. 284 5

72 patients suffering from recurrent tonsillitis, and ten with infectious mononucleosis were compared by morphological and immunological studies. The distribution of Ig-containing plasma cells (IgA, IgG, IgM), lambda- and kappa-chains, lysozyme and Alpha-1-antitrypsin in tonsils was determined by the unlabelled antibody peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and correlated with the structure of the tonsils (follicles, interfollicular area, and reticular epithelium). While recurrent tonsillitis was associated with slight follicular hyperplasia, infectious mononucleosis was characterised by a marked distortion of the tonsillar architecture, reduction in the number of follicles and a mixed cellular proliferation. The cellular infiltration was composed of small, well differentiated lymphocytes, atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells), plasma cells, immunoblasts, and a variable number of pleomorphic immunoblasts (Reed-Sternberg-like-cells). The binucleated or multinucleated immunoblasts contained IgA, IgG, and IgM. Ig-producing cells occurred in all compartments. In recurrent tonsillitis most were found in the reticular epithelium, but in infectious mononucleosis their density was highest in the interfollicular area. There was a general prominence of IgG cells, confirming that the tonsils resemble lymph nodes more closely than the lymphoid tissue of the alimentary tract. Cells containing lambda and kappa chains were found in all follicle centres and extra-follicular areas. They gave evidence of polyclonality in both diseases. Lysozyme and Alpha-1-antitrypsin were present only in the vessels.
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PMID:[Comparative immunocytochemical studies of recurrent tonsillitis and infectious mononucleosis]. 388 56

A direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed for the measurement of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Wells of microtiter plates were coated with anti-human IgM. Each patient's serum was added at a dilution of 1:100, and IgM from the serum was allowed to react with anti-human IgM. The amount of CMV-specific IgM antibody bound was determined by measuring the intensity of color change after the addition of peroxidase-labeled CMV antigen and substrate. Nuclei of infected cells served as an antigen source. CMV IgM could be detected only in IgM fractions of sera from patients with a recent CMV infection. Rheumatoid factor did not cause false-positive results. No cross-reactions were observed when paired sera from 22 patients with herpes simplex or varicella and single sera from 12 patients with suspected infectious mononucleosis were tested by the direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each of 17 patients with a seroconversion for CMV antibody showed CMV-specific IgM antibody. In six of these patients the antibody was detected in the initial serum. The direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for CMV IgM is a specific and sensitive test for the diagnosis of recent CMV infections and possesses distinct advantages over indirect tests.
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PMID:Direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that uses peroxidase-labeled antigen for determination of immunoglobulin M antibody to cytomegalovirus. 626 41

The inhibitory effects of normal human serum (NHS) on the lymphocytotoxic activity (LCA) of sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) were investigated. Dilution of IM serum with complement fixation diluent (CFD) caused a significant rise in LCA at 1/10 dilution (P less than 0.001) followed by a steady decline at higher dilutions. In contrast, 1/10 dilution with pooled NHS caused a gross reduction in lymphocyte killing (P less than 0.01). This reduction occurred irrespective of the order of incubation of NHS and IM serum with target lymphocytes. Pre-dilution of the NHS showed this inhibitory effect to be dose-responsive. Further characterization of the inhibitor(s) showed it to reside in the exclusion peak of Sephadex G-200, to be abolished by treatment with the sulphydryl inhibitors, 2-mercaptoethanol and iodoacetamide and to be depleted selectively by incubation with monospecific anti-IgM (but not anti-C1q or anti-alpha 2-macroglobulin). The site of the inhibitory reaction was examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining of the lymphocyte surface with monospecific anti-IgM and peroxidase conjugated swine anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. This showed that pre-incubation of IM serum with NHS caused a significant reduction in IgM positive cells compared to that observed with IM serum diluted in CFD alone. It is concluded that certain IgM molecules, present in NHS, inhibit the complement-mediated LCA of IM sera. This inhibition occurs by fluid phase interference with surface deposition of cytotoxic IgM rather than by competitive surface binding. The presence of such serum-serum interactions emphasises the complexity of the lymphocytotoxin reaction and the need for caution in attributing abnormalities in vivo to cytotoxic phenomena measured in vitro.
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PMID:Normal human serum inhibits the lymphocytotoxicity of sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis. 687 21

A reverse enzyme immunoassay (R-EIA) is described, in which polystyrene muplates are sensitized with anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM) (mu chain) antibodies and then sequentially allowed to react with patient's serum, peroxidase-labeled Toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen, and substrate. Measurement of activity of the solid-phase bound enzyme conjugate was done by colorimetric reading of the final developed color and kinetically by the initial rate of color development. This R-EIA allowed full resolution between absorbance values of a group of 36 sera which presented positive results in the Toxoplasma IgM immunofluorescence test and the remaining groups, which consisted of 39 normal individuals, 22 rheumatoid factor-positive sera, 8 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemic sera, 3 infectious mononucleosis samples, and 6 high-titered IgG anti-T. gondii sera. No interference of rheumatoid factor IgM or inhibition by high-titered specific IgG was detected, even in the false IgM immunofluorescence-positive rheumatoid factor samples. Likewise, false-negative IgM immunofluorescence samples gave positive R-EIA even without adsorption with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The possibility of direct tagging of the antigen with the enzyme eliminates the need for using antigen and anti-antigen conjugates as separate layers, therefore eliminating one step in the assay.
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PMID:Reverse enzyme immunoassay for detection of specific anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M antibodies. 701 11

A highly sensitive and nonradioactive microplate hybridization assay for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product was developed. The PCR product is labelled by adding digoxigenin-dUTP directly to the reaction mixture and, after denaturation, is captured by a microtitre plate coated with an extravidin-linked biotinylated probe. Captured products are reacted with a peroxidase-conjugated anti-digoxigenin antibody and detected using tetramethylbenzidine. The assay detected less than ten EBV genomes in a background EBV-negative DNA of 0.75 microg and, when tested on clinical samples, it was able to define the viral load in throat washings of patients with acute infectious mononucleosis, immunosuppressed patients with HIV infection, and rare normal individuals who shed the virus in the oropharynx.
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PMID:PCR ELISA for the quantitative detection of Epstein-Barr virus genome. 976 24