Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021345 (infectious mononucleosis)
 3,358 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.01 seconds)

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes infectious mononucleosis and is linked to several disparate malignancies. Prior studies on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) showed that 100% are EBV-seropositive and that their blood contains higher antibody titers than those of controls to both transformation and lytic cycle antigens. We performed three different assays for antibodies in CSF to three major EBV antigens from patients with MS and controls. Among 93 patients with MS, 79 (85%) had CSF that reacted with a 70 kD protein, shown to be the nuclear antigen, EBNA-1, whereas only 11 (13%) of 81 EBV-seropositive controls reacted, p less than 0.001. The CSF of all 14 MS patients, unreactive on immunoblots, contained oligoclonal bands on agarose electrophoresis. Together, the two techniques exhibit 100% sensitivity in the confirmatory diagnosis of MS. We also performed amino acid searches of the Protein Identification Resource sequence database for protein homologies to EBNA. Two pentapeptide identities were found between EBNA-1 and myelin basic protein: QKRPS and PRHRD. None of more than 32,000 other proteins in the database contained both pentapeptides. In healthy EBV-seropositive persons, the EBV-specific, MHC-restricted T lymphocytes keep the EBV-containing B lymphocytes locked in the transformed state. However, in the host genetically susceptible to MS, the same population of lymphocytes might recognize and interact with either of the two identified pentapeptides, inadvertently damaging MBP.
 ...
PMID:Antibodies against Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) in multiple sclerosis CSF, and two pentapeptide sequence identities between EBNA and myelin basic protein. 138 Oct 67

By matching a cohort of 494 infectious mononucleosis (IM) cases with a multiple sclerosis (MS) register, 3 MS cases were retrieved. The interval between IM and MS was 12 years. This corresponds to a relative risk of 3.7 for MS to occur subsequent to IM (p = 0.05). This relationship between a manifestation of a relatively late Epstein-Barr virus infection and MS may indicate that a microbiologically shielded environment is important in the pathogenesis of MS.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiological investigation of the association between infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis. 206 19

We conducted a study of 145 persons with multiple sclerosis who had been identified in a 1970 survey and 145 friend controls, to investigate whether the development of MS was associated with exposure to uncommon viruses or an older age at infection with 1 or more common viruses. The most striking finding was a strong positive association for history of infectious mononucleosis (IM), suggesting older age at exposure to Epstein-Barr virus, the most common etiologic agent of IM. We also found significant positive associations for number of different domiciles before adulthood and for visits outside the United States; both would be compatible with an increased likelihood among cases of exposures to uncommon viruses or to multiple strains of a common agent. Cases were younger at menarche, increasing the probability of viral exposure after puberty.
 ...
PMID:A case-control study of multiple sclerosis. 272 77

The main aims of this study were to investigate: the supposed relationship between multiple sclerosis (MS) and migration and consider it in terms of causality (ethnic origin, multiple moves); the possible association of MS with some viral infections supposed to be cause/s of MS (measles, herpes virus type 1 and 2, mononucleosis); the association with some other variables possibly related to the disease (alcohol consumption, occupational exposure to neurotoxic agents, tonsillectomy). The cases were hospitalized MS patients, diagnosed since 1 December 1983, from 19 provinces of Italy, followed up at least every six months. Two sets of controls were recruited randomly: neurological controls from the same department as the cases and non neurological controls from other departments of the same hospital. The history of exposure to risk factors was taken by skilled interviewers using a standardized questionnaire. On 30 September 1985, 1253 patients had been enrolled in the interview study: 280 cases, 581 neurological and 392 non neurological controls. The study is under way.
 ...
PMID:Cooperative Italian study on multiple sclerosis and risk factors: a case-control study. The Coordinating Center and the Neurological Centers of the Cooperative Group. 365 76

The antibody response against a spirochetal strain isolated from Swedish Ixodes ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect immunofluorescence assay of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. Samples of CSF, serum, or both from patients with various infections of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, syphilis, or infectious mononucleosis and from healthy individuals served as control samples. Probable spirochetal etiology could be demonstrated for 41 of 45 (91%) patients with clinical symptoms of chronic meningitis. Approximately 25% of the patients had significantly elevated titers of antibody to the spirochete in CSF but not in serum. The highest diagnostic sensitivity, 91%, was demonstrated by measurement of CSF antibodies and calculation of a spirochetal CSF titer index, which is the ratio of (ELISA titer in CSF/ELISA titer in serum) to (albumin in CSF/albumin in serum) and which also considers the degree of blood-CSF barrier damage. The highest specificity, 98%, was obtained by calculation of a CSF titer index. Patients with short duration of disease were especially prone to be antibody negative in serum but positive in CSF. Significant rise in serum antibody titers was seldom demonstrated in patients treated with antibiotics. It is concluded that measurement of CSF antibodies, especially by ELISA, is a highly sensitive and specific method for the immunological diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. 388 49

Sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and various other diseases were studied for agglutinins against Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-modified human group O red blood cells (NDVO) and antibodies to the NDV preparations. In agreement with previous studies, the NDVO antibodies are found in a wide variety of diseases in addition to IM, including Japanese IM-like syndrome (22%), syphilis (24%), lepromatous leprosy (30%), systemic lupus erythematosus (29%), multiple sclerosis (18%) and cancer (17%); these antibodies were also found in patients with renal allografts (29%). It was also noted that the Victoria (VIC), Roakin and Herts strains, but not B1 strain of NDV are active in the NDVO agglutination, and VIC and Roakin strains, but not B1 strain in the immunodiffusion. Immunodiffusion and enzyme immunoassay with various preparations of the VIC strain revealed that the major antigen(s) of the virus under study is carried by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (H-N) glycoproteins. The H-N molecule was also shown to be able to modify human erythrocytes for the agglutination by the pathologic sera.
 ...
PMID:Antibodies to Newcastle disease virus in various human diseases. 392 Jan 52

Mixed agglutination (MA) test with sediments of guinea pig kidney (GPK) homogenates and indicator red blood cells of bovine (BRBC) or sheep (SRBC) origin was established for detection of human heterophile antibodies. By means of MA test with BRBC indicator cells, heterophile antibodies of Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) specificity were demonstrated in sera of patients with syphilis (20%), lepromatous leprosy (57%), infectious mononucleosis (45%), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (73%), Kawasaki disease (58%), multiple sclerosis (58%), and leukemias (13%), as well as in sera of subjects who received injections of foreign species sera (20%). Some but not all BRBC-positive sera gave positive MA tests when SRBC were employed as indicator cells. None of 13 multiple myeloma sera tested gave positive results. The incidence of positive reactions in normal human sera was 3%. Neutralization of H-D antibodies in representative pathologic sera by purified heterophile antigens showed that the antibodies under investigation were mostly directed against antigen(s) of high molecular weight glycoprotein, but not N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NGNA) ganglioside fraction of BRBC.
 ...
PMID:Mixed agglutination with guinea pig tissue sediments for detection of heterophile antibodies. 643 28

Sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette tests were performed with E from 3 different sheep. The E rosette test for "active" T lymphocytes was performed with untreated E. E tests for the quantitation of the total number of T lymphocytes were performed with untreated as well as AET-treated E, in assays with and without fetal calf serum (FCS). Lymphocytes from patients with active and stable multiple sclerosis (MS) and with infectious mononucleosis (IM) as well as from healthy individuals were examined. The "total" E test performed with untreated E from one sheep and lymphocytes from patients with active MS gave lower percentages of rosette-forming cells (RFC) than when E from the other two sheep were used. FCS in the medium, or AET treatment of E partly but not wholly abrogated this difference. The origin of the E is thus of importance for the results of the rosette tests in patients with active MS, even if FCS or AET treatment is used.
 ...
PMID:The E-rosette test: variations in results using E from different sheep. Effect of FCS and of AET treatment. 660 56

The sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette test was performed with and without fetal calf serum (FCS) in the medium, and using untreated and 2-amino-ethylthioisouronium bromide hydrobromide (AET)-treated E. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 34 normal donors showed no significant difference in E rosette percentage between the tests performed with or without FCS. However, when using untreated E with FCS in the medium, patients with infectious mononucleosis and those with aseptic meningitis had a significantly decreased percentage of rosette-forming cells (RFC) as compared to the test performed without FCS. When AET-treated E were used, addition of FCS increased rosette formation of lymphocytes from patients with infectious mononucleosis, with stable multiple sclerosis and with brain tumours. Rosette formation with AET-treated E was generally increased when FCS was used, whereas decreased rosette formation was more common when FCS was used in combination with untreated E. The fact that significant differences in rosette formation associated with FCS have been found in certain patient groups, calls for caution when comparing results from laboratories that differ in the use or not of FCS.
 ...
PMID:Influence of fetal calf serum on the results of the E rosette test. 686 18

This is a short report confirming recent articles that birds are very likely involved as vectors of the exogenous causative agent of multiple sclerosis (MS). It also critically reviews the most recent article (MacGregor, H. and Latiwonk, Q., Neurol. Res., 15 (1993) 391-394.) in which a high percentage of serums from MS patients reacted positively with Marek's antigen and it was accidentally discovered that Epstein-Barr virus antibodies also cross-react positively with Marek's antigen. This discovery might help explain the complex epidemiology of MS (an infectious mononucleosis infection would immunize a person against future mononucleosis and a Marek's infection). A table comparing the similarities between MS and Marek's is included. Other possible avian viral candidates are entertained plus the possibility of various viral combinations within a protective chlamydial plasmid including Marek's and avian retroviruses.
 ...
PMID:Bird viruses in multiple sclerosis: combination of viruses or Marek's alone? 779 60


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>