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Query: UMLS:C0021345 (infectious mononucleosis)
 3,358 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with dyspnea, skin rash, hypoxemia and mononucleosis was shown to have acute cytomegalovirus infection. The chest X-ray was normal, but the lung scan showed perfusion defects. Although pulmonary embolism cannot be ruled out, it seems likely that the CMV infection was responsible for the abnormalities observed.
Infection
PMID:Cytomegalovirus infection with perfusion defects on the lung scan. 609 77

Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection usually occurs in immunosuppressed patients and has recently been reported in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serological evidence of CMV infection and a variety of traumatic and infectious gastrointestinal disorders are known to occur in nonimmunosuppressed homosexual males. However, the significance of gastrointestinal CMV infection in nonimmunosuppressed homosexual males is not well known. Three unusual cases of gastrointestinal CMV infection in homosexual males are presented. Infection of a Kock pouch in one patient and an anal ulcer in another, occurred as part of a CMV mononucleosis syndrome. In the third patient, CMV was found in an acutely inflamed appendix. Although gastrointestinal CMV infection has been reported frequently in patients with AIDS, our patients showed no evidence of immunosuppression or AIDS 6 wk to 1 year later. Gastrointestinal CMV infection in homosexual males with gastrointestinal disease should not be considered indicative of AIDS.
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PMID:Significance of gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection in homosexual males. 609 52

Infection of a human lymphoblastoid cell line (F-365 line containing Epstein-Barr viral capsid antigen, derived from an individual without overt signs of lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, or leukemia) with herpes simplex virus (HSV), maintained and observed for 15 months, was characterized by the continuous production of infectious extracellular virus. By the 5th day postinfection 75% of the cells produced HSV antigen as detected by fluorescent antibody, and by the 10th day 90% did so; production continued through the 15th month. Only 11% of single isolated cells produced detectable infectious virus. HSV produced after the 3rd month formed smaller plaque in monolayer cell culture than did the parental virus. No antigenic or polypeptide change in the HSV was detected by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis over the 15-month cultivation in F-365 cells. Cell susceptibility and HSV virulence did not appear to change. The HSV-lymphoblastoid cell culture provided a useful model in which to study long-term virus-cell interactions.
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PMID:Analysis and characterization of herpes simplex virus after its persistence in a lymphoblastoid cell line for 15 months. 626 Jun 56

Infection with Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is accompanied by seroconversion and life-long persistence of the virus in B lymphocytes. During acute EBV-induced infectious mononucleosis, suppressor T cells become activated, which may provide an additional mechanism of host defense against the causative agent. When cultures of lymphocytes from normal adults seropositive for EBV were stimulated with the B95-8 strain of EBV, purified B cells produced increasingly higher numbers of immunoglobulin- (Ig) secreting cells, whereas in co-cultures of autologous B and T cells a profound suppressor T cell activity inhibited further B cell activation after 10 to 12 days in culture. No such T cell-mediated inhibitory effect was seen in cultures of lymphocytes obtained from normal adults seronegative for EBV, indicating a correlation between the suppressor effect with evidence of prior immunity to this virus. The T cell-mediated suppression in patients with infectious mononucleosis is characterized by an early-acting inhibitory effect on B cell differentiation that is not specific in that all polyclonal B cell activators are inhibited, whereas in EBV-seropositive normal subjects suppression is delayed in time and affects only EBV-activated cultures. These data indicate that after infection with EBV, immunoregulatory T cells are generated that are capable of inhibiting further EBV-induced activation of autologous B cells and thus may provide an additional unique mechanism of host defense against persisting EBV-infected B cells.
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PMID:T cell-mediated immunoregulation of Epstein Barr virus- (EBV) induced B lymphocyte activation in EBV-seropositive and EBV-seronegative individuals. 627 59

This article reviews available evidence regarding the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and concludes that sexual transmission--if it occurs at all--is medically and epidemiologically insignificant. The great majority of CMV infections, primary or recurrent, are completely asymptomatic and must be regarded as clinically inapparent entities. The virus does cause overt illness in some well-defined clinical situations, including heterophil-negative mononucleosis, after renal and cardiac transplants, in interstitial pneumonitis of early childhood, late neonatal sepsis, and congenital infection. Infections without concomitant disease, multiple sites of infection including oropharynx, urine, cervix, spermatic fluid, breast milk, and blood, and persistence of excretion over years have enabled CMV to parasitize human populations. Between .5% and 2.5% of the infant population is infected in utero, another 3-5% of live born infants become infected at delivery, in some areas of the world 90-100% of the population acquires the virus in early childhood by respiratory spread, and in the US and other developed countries 40-80% of the population is infected by puberty. By the 6th decade of life virtually the entire population is infected. Several lines of evidence suggest that sexual transmission is not important: the amply documented major role of alternative modes of transmission, the insignificant role of hygiene per se as a determinant of CMV prevalence in a population, the influence of hormonal status independent of sexual activity on active infection and presumably transmission, and the fact that CMV is not excreted from the human cervix beyond the age of 30. A possible exception to the general conclusion is the recent suggestion of clinical disease caused by sexually transmitted CMV in homosexual men, in which other factors however also appear to play a role.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus: import of sexual transmission. 630 18

The Paul-Bunnell test, now 50 years old, is still of fundamental importance in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis, even though various immunologic methods have been developed in clinical practice to identify constituents of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The demonstration of sheep red cell agglutinins in infectious mononucleosis (Paul-Bunnell) was in fact the first observation of the presence of heterophil antibodies in this viral disease which was later shown to evoke a polyclonal antibody response to a wide spectrum of autoantigens as well. The selective tropism of EBV for B lymphocytes and the reactivity of T lymphocytes to these infected B lymphocytes are the pathophysiological elements characteristic of infectious mononucleosis, and are the reason for this massive antibody response.
Infection
PMID:Infectious mononucleosis fifty years after the discovery of the Paul-Bunnell test. 630 6

Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is common and induces a broad spectrum of illness. In the majority of cases the disease manifests with typical signs of heterophile-positive infectious mononucleosis in which myalgia may be seen in up to 20% of cases. In this study, a case of rhabdomyolysis is reported occurring during the clinical course of an 18-year-old patient with infectious mononucleosis. This severe form of muscle involvement has been rarely associated with EBV infections. Five similar cases previously published in the English literature are also reviewed. The clinical implications of rhabdomyolysis and infectious mononucleosis are discussed.
Infection
PMID:Rhabdomyolysis complicating acute Epstein-Barr virus infection. 762 60

We present a case of meningoencephalitis due to EBV in a 2-month-old infant, without mononucleosis, which persisted for more than 5 months. Evidence for persistence of the infection was provided by a convulsive disorder and prolonged CSF pleocytosis, combined with persistent moderate anemia. Despite the persistence of the infection, the child continued to develop normally. This case demonstrates that EBV meningoencephalitis occurring in young patients may present with only subtle clinical findings and may have a favorable prognosis.
Infection
PMID:Prolonged meningoencephalitis due to Epstein-Barr virus with favorable outcome in a young infant. 813 72

Serum levels of interferon gamma, interleukin-6 and neopterin were determined in 15 patients with different forms of Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: acute self-limiting infectious mononucleosis, chronic active infectious mononucleosis and X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In patients with acute type of infection, neopterin, interferon gamma and interleukin-6 were elevated in nearly all patients. In contrast, the situation was less clear-cut in the other EBV-associated diseases; particularly interleukin-6 was undetectable in most cases. The results suggest that concomitant measurement of these diverse immune activation markers may provide interesting insights into the interactions between the virus and the host, and may also lead to therapeutic consequences.
Infection
PMID:Serum concentrations of interferon gamma, interleukin-6 and neopterin in patients with infectious mononucleosis and other Epstein-Barr virus-related lymphoproliferative diseases. 822 23

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is characterized by a marked vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Infection of XLP patients with EBV invariably results in fatal mononucleosis, agammaglobulinemia, or malignant lymphoma. Initially the XLP gene was assigned to a 10-cM region in Xq25 between DXS42 and DXS37. Subsequently, an interstitial, cytogenetically visible deletion in Xq25 was identified in one XLP family, 43. In this study we estimated the deletion in XLP patient 43-004 by dual-laser flow karyotyping to involve 2% of the X chromosome, or approximately 3 Mb of DNA sequence. From a human chromosome Xq25-specific yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) sublibrary, five YACs containing DNA sequences deleted in patient 43-004 have been isolated. Sequence-tagged sites (STSs) from these YACs have been used to identify interstitial deletions in unrelated XLP patients. Three more families with interstitial deletions were found. Two of the patients (63-003 and 73-032) carried an interstitial deletion of 3.0 Mb overlapping the 43-004 deletion. In one XLP patient (30-011) who exhibited the characteristic postinfectious mononucleosis phenotype of XLP with hypogammaglobulinemia and malignant lymphoma, a deletion of approximately 250 kb was detected overlapping the deletion detected in patients 43-004, 63-003, and 73-032. A YAC contig of 2.2 Mb spanning the XLP critical region, whose orientation on chromosome X was determined by double-color fluorescence in situ hybridization and which consists of 15 overlapping YAC clones, has been constructed. A detailed restriction enzyme map of the region has been constructed. YAC insert sizes were determined by counter-clamped homogenous electric field gel electrophoresis. Chimerism of YACs was determined by FISH and restriction mapping. On the basis of lambda subclones, YAC end-derived plasmids, and STSs with an average spacing of 100 kb, a long-range physical map was constructed using 5 rare-cutter restriction enzymes. The STSs and lambda subclones were used in Southern hybridization and PCR analyses. The work presented here substantially refines the critical region for XLP. The YAC contig with the overlapping interstitial deletions constitutes the basis for the construction of a transcriptional map of the critical region and facilitates the identification of the XLP gene.
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PMID:A yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) contig encompassing the critical region of the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) locus. 902 86


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