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Query: UMLS:C0021345 (infectious mononucleosis)
 3,358 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection of cells of the EBV-genome-negative human B-lymphoma Ramos line with viral isolates obtained from two EBV-transformed marmoset cell lines (B95/8; Nyevu) resulted in the induction of a nuclear antigen (RAM-ag) apparently different from other EBV-associated antigen complexes. This antigen is revealed by indirect immunofluorescence and shows no detectable cross-antigenicity with EBNA or any other known EBV-associated antigen. EBV-isolates from P3HR-1 cells fail to induce a similar antigen in Ramos cells although they induce EBNA. No RAM-ag was expressed, either after infection of cells of another EBV-genome-negative human B-lymphoma line BJAB with B95-8 EBV or in a series of EBV-harbouring cell lines. Thus the antigen appears to be cell-line-specific for Ramos cells. It is also induced upon infection of either B95-8 or P3HR-1 converted Ramos sublines with EBV from B95-8 cells. All human sera with RAM-ag-reactivity revealed antibodies against VCA. However, sera from patients with acute infectious mononucleosis containing high anti-VCA-antibodies did not react with RAM-ag. Seroconversion for this antigen apparently more closely coincides with the appearance of EBNA-directed antibodies.
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PMID:Heterogeneity of Epstein-Barr virus. IV. Induction of a specific antigen by EBV from two transformed marmoset cell lines in Ramos cells. 8 Nov 81

Neurologic complications in three girls, aged four, fourteen and fifteen years, with infectious mononucleosis are reported. All three patients had meningoencephalitis, in two of them cerebellar involvement predominated, while the third patient had cerebral involvement with paresis of cerebral nerves. The diagnosis of an Epstein-Barr virus infection was established serologiccally and in the first patient also by the detection of the Epstein-Barr virus.
Infection 1976
PMID:Central nervous system involvement in infectious mononucleosis with studies for Epstein-Barr virus. 18 53

Infection of cells of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative human B-lymphoma lines BJAB and Ramos with EBV preparations from P3HR-1 or B 95-8 cells converted these cells to EBV genome carriers expressing Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) in almost 100% of these cells. Induction of these cells as well as of clones from P3HR-1 EBV-converted BJAB cells with iododeoxyuridine, aminopterin, and hypoxanthine resulted in the appearance of a nuclear antigen in about 1-6% of the cells 1-4 days after induction. The antigen is different from known EBV-induced antigens like EBNA, viral capsid antigen (VCA) or the D- and R-subspecificities of the early antigen (EA) complex. It is demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and inactivated after acetone fixation. The antigen was not detectable after induction of uninfected BJAB and Ramos cells nor has it been found in noninduced or induced P3HR-1 and Raji cells. Thus, it appears that EBV-infection mediates the expression of this antigen, for which the name TINA (transiently induced nuclear antigen) is suggested. Sera reacting against TINA generally contained high antibody titers against EBV-induced EA. Only a limited number of highly EA-reactive sera, however, were also positive for TINA. Among 200 sera tested thus far, TINA reactivity was most frequently observed in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (7 out of 28), in sera of the only two patients with immunoblastoma tested and occasionally in sera from patients with Hodgkin's disease and chronic lymphatic leukemia. Among 70 sera from nontumor patients, TINA reactivity was observed three times: two patients suffered from "chronic" infectious mononucleosis, the other revealed persistent splenomegaly.
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PMID:Transient induction of a nuclear antigen unrelated to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen in cells of two human B-lymphoma lines converted by Epstein-Barr virus. 18 13

Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV-6), a newly recognized human herpesvirus first described in 1986, is morphologically similar to other herpesviruses but is distinguishable from all of them by some unique in vitro biological effects, specific antigenic analysis, and patterns of endonuclease restriction digests of DNA. In vitro HHV-6 exhibits tropism mainly for T lymphocytes, but it also infects other cells, including B lymphocytes, monocytes-macrophages, glial cells, and fibroblasts. Because HHV-6 causes frequent infection in infants and children, a seroprevalence rate of antibody to this virus of up to 80% has been reported in the United States. Infection in infancy develops as levels of maternal antibody wane, thus resulting in either subclinical infection or an acute febrile illness termed exanthema subitum. Primary infection acquired later in life causes a disease resembling acute infectious mononucleosis. Since HHV-6 shares the capacity to establish latent infection with other herpesviruses, frequent viral reactivation is probably the explanation for the high incidence of serologically proven active HHV-6 infection found simultaneously with active infection due to other herpesviruses as well as in the presence of various immune deficiency conditions.
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PMID:Human herpesvirus type 6: review. 131 2

Infection with Epstein-Barr virus has been reported to have numerous systemic and ocular manifestations. In this study, a 38-year-old man with acute infectious mononucleosis was examined for a painless left red eye of three days' duration. The patient had a two-week history of fatigue, low-grade fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. Serologic evaluation was indicative of an acute primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus. A large, salmon-colored, supranasal bulbar conjunctival mass was observed in the left eye. No associated conjunctivitis was present. Biopsy of the conjunctival lesion disclosed a dense leukocytic infiltrate, which consisted primarily of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells. Immunocytochemical evaluation of the tissue with monoclonal antisera disclosed Epstein-Barr latent membrane protein and nuclear protein 2 in a small fraction of the cells constituting the infiltrate. The conjunctival infiltrate resolved completely within one month, paralleling the regression of the patient's lymphadenopathy.
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PMID:Conjunctival lymphocytic nodule associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. 165 1

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) alkaline deoxyribonuclease (DNase) was inserted into the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV). Infection of the insect cell line Spodoptera frugiperda (SF9) with the recombinant virus led to the expression of an enzymatically active alkaline DNase. The recombinant EBV alkaline DNase was highly soluble, and the recombinant baculovirus produced approximately 10-20 mg of EBV DNase per 1 X 10(9) cells. The recombinant enzyme activity was neutralized by specific antisera to the EBV DNase and was recognized by these sera in Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence tests. The recombinant EBV DNase was neutralized by these sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and chronic infectious mononucleosis. Western blot analysis using these patients' sera showed that IgG and IgA antibodies to the EBV DNase could be readily detected.
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PMID:High-level expression of the Epstein-Barr virus alkaline deoxyribonuclease using a recombinant baculovirus: application to the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. 184 61

In 7 children aged 18 months to 7 years isolated from a group of 128 children with infectious mononucleosis the cytomegalovirus infection was found. Infection was diagnosed by determination of antibodies against immediate early and late CMV antigen by means of the ELISA test. Besides that, antibodies were determined against the capsid antigen and early antigen of EB virus by the method of indirect immunofluorescence. In four children only cytomegalovirus infection was found and three had a mixed infection with both viruses and the diagnosis in these cases was: infectious mononucleosis (due to EBV) with coexistent or following CMV infection. In the sera of two children with cytomegalovirus mononucleosis changes were observed in the antibodies against EBV which is explained as a result of interactions between CMV and EBV in the organism of the host.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus in the mononucleosis syndrome in children. 241 1

Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a ubiquitous herpesvirus, may be asymptomatic or may result in any one of a number of mild to severe hematopoietic disorders. Besides causing infectious mononucleosis, EBV has been associated with 95% of endemic African Burkitt's lymphoma and 10%-20% of the sporadic form of Burkitt's lymphoma outside Africa. EBV has also now been associated with all histological forms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. During the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis, a surprisingly large number of EBV-infected cells can be detected in the peripheral circulation (up to 0.05%). EBV also replicates in epithelial cells in the oropharyngeal region. It is known that physicochemical carcinogens can act synergistically with tumor viruses to enhance both viral replication and cellular transformation. Several laboratories have shown that chemical carcinogens and, in particular, DNA-alkylating agents can enhance EBV replication, EBV-induced lymphocyte transformation, and EBV-associated malignant conversion. Since there are approximately 10(12) lymphocytes in an adult, the large number of EBV-infected cells present in the circulation and oropharynx during infection would present an extraordinarily large target for carcinogen interaction. Moreover, after infection, EBV remains latent in lymphoid cells for life. When these findings are considered in light of analytical and descriptive epidemiological evidence suggesting that, in addition to EBV infection, other environmental cofactors are important in EBV-associated tumor formation, the question could be asked whether these cofactors are physicochemical carcinogens. In an attempt to answer this question, I will review the ways in which physicochemical carcinogens can influence viral replication and virally induced transformation; aspects of the biology of the EBV-lymphocyte-epithelial cell interaction that make this system perhaps unique in terms of possible physicochemical interactions; the epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting EBV-physicochemical carcinogen synergisms; and finally, possible mechanisms whereby chemicals could influence the outcome of EBV infection and the probability of these events occurring during naturally acquired EBV infection.
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PMID:Physicochemical-viral synergism during Epstein-Barr virus infection: a review. 283 90

Fifty-six patients with a clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis who had not been ill for more than seven days, were randomised for peroral treatment with acyclovir (800 mg five times daily) or placebo for seven days in a double blind trial. Clinical, virological and immunological parameters were monitored in each patient for six months. During treatment, shedding of Epstein-Barr virus' as assessed in 36 patients, was significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). However, virus production in the oropharynx returned to pre-treatment levels one week after the cessation of therapy. Virus was detected in 35 patients at enrollment and in 28 of 36 patients at the six-month control. No effect on the clinical course of the disease was noticed. The virus-specific antibody response was also unaffected. A significant reduction in spontaneous outgrowth of in vivo Epstein-Barr virus-infected B-lymphocytes was found at 180 days after treatment in four acyclovir-treated patients compared to six controls (p less than 0.001). In another three patients with over-whelming clinical symptoms causing airway obstruction and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, treatment with intravenous acyclovir (10 mg/kg three times daily) was combined with prednisolone (0.7 mg/kg daily) for ten days. Virus shedding ceased transiently during treatment, but returned to initial levels within one week. A dramatic clinical effect on the pharyngeal oedema and general health of the two patients with airway obstruction was noticed, but was much less evident in a patient with intravascular coagulopathy.
Infection 1987
PMID:Acyclovir treatment in infectious mononucleosis: a clinical and virological study. 303 15

Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage (STH) of non-iatrogenic causes occurs most frequently from infection. Infection can lead to erosion into a major vessel, such as the carotid artery or a smaller peripheral tonsil vessel. Whereas fatal erosion into a major vessel from a deep neck abscess was relatively common in the past, it is rare since the advent of antibiotics. Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage, when it does occur, appears to occur most commonly in a peripheral tonsil vessel from bacterial tonsillitis. Medical records of 860 patients with conditions considered to be susceptible to STH were reviewed. Ten cases of STH were identified. All were from peripheral tonsil vessel hemorrhage; none was secondary to major vessel erosion. Bacterial tonsillitis was the most common cause of STH and occurred in 8 of 10 cases. This condition accounted for an incidence of STH in tonsillitis of 1.1%. A history of chronic tonsillitis appeared to predispose a patient to STH. Other causes of STH were infectious mononucleosis and neoplasm. Seven of the ten peripheral STHs presented with bleeding from an obvious venous source. The other three patients had significant hemorrhages which led to arteriography. Arteriograms are indicated in patients with clinical features suggesting possible major vessel erosion or in those patients where significant bleeding is not from an obvious peripheral source. A peripheral STH can be successfully managed with local intervention and tonsillectomy.
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PMID:Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage. 335 32


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