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Query: UMLS:C0021311 (Infection)
 38,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirteen cases of group D streptococcal neonatal sepsis and/or meningitis were identified at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital from 1970 to 1976. Ages at onset of disease ranged from 1 to 25 days. The most frequent symptoms were fever (five cases), lethargy (five cases), and respiratory difficulty (four cases). Blood cultures for seven infants were positive; CSF cultures for five infants were positive; and CSF and blood cultures for one infant were both positive. In 12 patients, parenteral antibiotic therapy consisted of a penicillin and an aminoglycoside. One infant with a severe meningomyelocele died. The other 12 infants showed a rapid clinical response with seven patients improving within 48 hours of the start of therapy. Infection with group D streptococcus results in a low-grade systemic disease in both full-term and premature infants that responds favorably to appropriate therapy.
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PMID:Systemic group D streptococcal infection in newborn infants. 10 22

Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is demonstrated over a 141/2 year period in 24 newborns, three infants 1 to 2 months of age, and two children. Comparison of the 22 cases of Listeria meningitis in newborns with 118 cases of neonatal meningitis due to other bacteria indicates a later onset of symptoms in cases of Listeria meningitis with a more favorable outcome than with most other agents. Treatment with ampicillin sodium appears effective. Monocytic cell increases in peripheral blood or CSF may be helpful in suspecting this diagnosis. The cases of Listeria meningitis in the older children were unusual. In one child it occurred as a concomitant infection with Staphylococcus epidermidis of a ventricular shunt. In the second case in an otherwise healthy child the acquisition of the bacteria from gerbils was suggested, but could not be confirmed.
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PMID:Infection in infants and children. 32 73

Mezlocillin and azlocillin are broad spectrum penicillins for parenteral administration. In this study it was shown that they were very active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-five patients were treated with mezlocillin, and 5 patients were treated with azlocillin (in combination with cefoxitin in 3 cases). The serum, bile and CSF levels of the drugs were measured. Both antibiotics would appear to be safe and efficacious in treating serious infections by sensitive pathogens. Infections caused by unknown pathogens could be treated by one of these agents in combination with a broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin or cephamycin.
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PMID:Mezlocillin and azlocillin: an evaluation of two new beta-lactam antibiotics. 38 5

The efficiency of GM-CSF to reduce myelosuppression after chemotherapy depends on the schedule of administration and the dose of chemotherapy. If conventional chemotherapy doses are given, a seven to ten day administration starting one day after the end of chemotherapy is able to reduce both degree and duration of leucopenia. A later onset is less effective, an earlier one aggravates leuco- and thrombocytopenia. The reduction of myelosuppression is accompanied by a reduction of infection rates and hospitalisation of patients due to these complications. If high-dose chemotherapy is given, GM-CSF does not markedly affect nadir values for leuco- and thrombocytes, but still shortens the duration of leucopenia. This effect is consistently seen after the initial cycles of chemotherapy, but seems to be less pronounced in later cycles. Thus, the growth factor administration allows a treatment intensification mainly by shortening of treatment intervals. Whether these modifications will improve the prognosis of patients with solid tumors is currently being investigated in small cell lung cancer in a German multicenter randomized trial.
Infection 1992
PMID:Experience with GM-CSF in the treatment of solid tumors. 133 37

Autologous reinfusion of circulating haemopoietic progenitor and stem cells (blood stem cell transplantation) has emerged as an alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in a variety of malignant diseases. Major obstacles associated with harvest of blood stem cells by leukapheresis are: 1. relatively high costs, and 2. discomfort caused to the patient, as generally five to ten settings of leukapheresis are necessary to harvest a number of blood stem cells sufficient for haemopoietic restitution following myeloablative therapy. GM-CSF recently has been shown to effectively increase circulating haemopoietic cells, when given subsequent to even highly-toxic therapy. This report summarizes our data on mobilization of blood stem cells by GM-CSF cells in multiple myeloma patients.
Infection 1992
PMID:Mobilization of circulating haemopoietic cells (blood stem cells) by GM-CSF in patients with malignancies. 136 63

Infections during granulocytopenia are major complications of autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Since recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF) has proved to accelerate bone marrow recovery after cytostatic chemotherapy, we studied its effects on hematopoietic regeneration and on infectious complications after total body irradiation (TBI) and high-dose chemotherapy followed by ABMT. Eighty-one patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission (CR) or with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in CR or partial remission were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. They received either rhuGM-CSF 250 micrograms/m2 (Escherichia coli-derived) daily by continuous infusion after ABMT, or placebo. Treatment was continued until the neutrophil counts reached greater than 500/microL for 1 week. The maximum treatment duration was 30 days. Thirty-nine patients in the rhuGM-CSF group and 40 patients in the placebo group were evaluable. The median time needed to reach a neutrophil count of 500/microL was 15 days with rhuGM-CSF and 28 days with placebo (P = .0001). Bacterial infections occurred in 14 (35.9%) of the patients with rhuGM-CSF and in 25 (62.5%) of the patients given the placebo (P = .024). Nine of the 14 bacterial infections in the rhuGM-CSF group and 20 of the 25 infections in the placebo group were diagnosed within the first 10 days after ABMT. Capillary leakage and a reversible fluid retention were seen in five of the rhuGM-CSF-treated patients. Patients treated with rhuGM-CSF had lower serum protein and albumin levels than patients in the placebo group. There was no statistically relevant difference in overall survival between the two groups (P = .47). Relapse occurred in 14 (34%) patients with rhuGM-CSF and in 18 (45%) patients with placebo. We conclude that continuous infusion of rhuGM-CSF after ABMT accelerates the regeneration of granulocytes and reduces the number of bacterial infections.
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PMID:A controlled trial of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor after total body irradiation, high-dose chemotherapy, and autologous bone marrow transplantation for acute lymphoblastic leukemia or malignant lymphoma. 142 90

Symptomatic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 10-30% blasts in the bone marrow were treated with low-dose AraC (2 x 10 mg/m2 subcutaneously (sc) days 1-14) and GM-CSF (fully glycosylated, Sandoz/Schering-Plough, 2 x 150 micrograms protein/day sc) given either subsequently (days 15-21) or simultaneously (days 8-14 and one week rest). Evaluations were carried out after three courses (nine weeks); responding patients could be continued for two further cycles. Eighty-two patients with refractory anaemia and excess of blasts (RAEB), with (RAEBt) or without transformation, were evaluable: 45 RAEB and 37 RAEBt, mean age 64 years (range 17-80 years). A complete remission was achieved in 14 cases (17%), 11 had a good response (13%), and 12 a partial response (15%). Stable disease was found in 21 cases (26%). There were 12 cases of toxic death (15%), progression was noted in eight patients (10%), and death due to disease in three (4%). No difference existed between the two treatment arms with respect to response. Major adverse events during treatment were haemorrhage (25%), infections (23%), and fever with GM-CSF (21%). GM-CSF did not induce leukaemia nor contribute to haemorrhage induced by AraC, but gave rise to an overall response rate of 46% which is high and relatively durable as compared to other treatments in this disease.
Infection 1992
PMID:Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and high leukaemic risk with low-dose cytosine arabinoside (LD-AraC) plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF). The EORTC Leukaemia Group. 149 35

Infection during the period of bone marrow aplasia remains one of the major risks associated with high-dose chemotherapy and transplantation. Over the past several years, a number of investigators in Europe and North America have evaluated the use of GM-CSF in the setting of autologous bone marrow transplantation. These studies have almost all shown a hastening of myeloid engraftment. This, for the most part, has led to fewer serious infections and a decreased hospital stay for the GM-CSF treated patients. An overall survival advantage has not been noted. There has also not been any consistent multi-lineage effect. Future trials with combinations of sequentially used cytokines may lead to more rapid recovery of red blood cells and platelets in addition to granulocytes.
Infection 1992
PMID:Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): what role in bone marrow transplantation? 149 41

GM-CSF is a hemopoietic growth factor with substantial effects on the proliferation of neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes/macrophages. Its physiologic role in infection is still poorly understood. The gene for GM-CSF is constitutively transcribed in cells substantial for antiinfectious response. Various cells are activated and induced by TNF and IL-1 to synthesize GM-CSF. No systemic GM-CSF levels can be detected in patients with infection. It is likely that GM-CSF plays its physiological role in the immediate vicinity of the cells by which it is secreted. GM-CSF functionally activates neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages and eosinophils. It may augment T-cell proliferation and function. GM-CSF is effective in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella typhimurium. Its effect in infectious disease in man should be explored.
Infection 1992
PMID:The role of GM-CSF in infection. 149 40

Swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) and a macrophage specific marker were monitored on porcine macrophages cultured with or without macrophage colony stimulatory factor (M-CSF) and on cells infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV). SLA expression was maximal either in the total cell extract or on the cell surface at 3-4 days of culture; after 4 days these values began to decrease. Fluorescence analyses of immunostained macrophages cultured with or without M-CSF indicated a major upward shift in the number of SLA Class I molecules on individual macrophages whereas for SLA Class II both a novel expression of Class II and an upward shift in the number of molecules per cell were evident. Infection of 3-day-old macrophage cultures with three different isolates of ASFV resulted in minor changes in surface expression of SLA Class I, SLA Class II, and macrophage markers. No differences in infection with ASFV was observed whether macrophages were SLA Class II positive or negative, nor was there blocking by anti-SLA Class I or Class II monoclonal antibodies of ASFV infection of cultured macrophages.
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PMID:Swine leukocyte antigen and macrophage marker expression on both African swine fever virus-infected and non-infected primary porcine macrophage cultures. 163 65


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