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Query: UMLS:C0021311 (Infection)
 38,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The impact of acute Yersinia enterocolitica infection on colonic fluid and electrolyte absorption was studied. New Zealand White rabbits (500-600 g), were infected with Yersinia enterocolitica and compared to unmanipulated controls and pair-fed controls. Water and electrolyte transport were measured in proximal and distal colon by an in vivo single pass perfusion technique and in proximal colon in vitro under short-circuited conditions in Ussing chambers. Infection resulted in severe histologic damage in proximal colon but only mild alterations in distal colon. Pair-fed controls demonstrated decreased absorption in vivo in both proximal and distal colon and Na+ and Cl- secretion in vitro in proximal colon compared to unmanipulated controls. In contrast infection did not alter water and electrolyte absorption in vivo compared to unmanipulated controls despite evidence of net secretion of Na+ and Cl- in vitro. These results indicate that Yersinia enterocolitica infection of the colon does not contribute to fluid and electrolyte losses despite mucosal damage, but rather there appears to be a degree of compensatory colonic salvage.
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PMID:Colonic function in acute Yersinia enterocolitica infection in rabbits. 318 May 58

Ten patients with chronic Yersinia enterocolitica infections are described. The initial diagnosis was made by culture, significant agglutinin titres and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) on biopsies. During the chronic phase, culture and agglutinin titres were negative, but specific serum IgA and IgG antibodies reactive with at least two, i.e. the 36 kDa and the 46 kDa, virulence-associated released proteins were demonstrated in nine patients by immunoblot techniques. One patient had only IgG antibodies. The chronically elevated IgA production was the result of chronic stimulation of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue by virulent persistent Yersinia antigen, which was identified by IF with O-specific antiserum and monospecific antiserum to the 46 kDa released protein in biopsies. Virulent Yersinia bacilli were demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa and in the lymphoid tissue of the submucosa associated with macrophages in patients with chronic ileitis and arthritis, in granulomatous centres of lymph nodes in patients with chronic lymphadenopathy and in portal infiltrates in a patient with chronic hepatitis. Recognition of persistent Yersinia infections may have therapeutic implications.
Infection
PMID:Persistence of Yersinia enterocolitica in man. 328 8

We determined the prevalence of six genera of bacteria from a sample of 387 cloacal swabs from 364 passerines and woodpeckers. The prevalence of bacteria were as follows: Escherichia coli (1%), Pseudomonas spp. (22%), Salmonella spp. (0%), Staphylococcus spp. (15%), Streptococcus spp. (18%), and Yersinia spp. (1%). The prevalence of Streptococcus spp. was higher in omnivorous species than in granivorous species (20% versus 8%). Individuals captured at feeders had a lower prevalence of both Streptococcus spp. (15% versus 33%) and Escherichia coli (0.5% versus 4%) than birds that did not have access to feeders. These differences are probably not due to the feeder per se, but instead to other site related differences. The prevalence of bacteria did not differ between male and female black-capped chickadees, Parus atricapillus. For 279 color marked black-capped chickadees, we calculated the cumulative mortality rate during 12 wk following swabbing. Although the cumulative mortality rates of infected birds were consistently higher than the rates of non-infected birds, none of these differences were significant. Infections may cause slight reductions in survival rates, but we were not able to confirm this with our data.
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PMID:A survey of the prevalence of selected bacteria in wild birds. 328 7

Sterile arthritis resembling human reactive arthritis was induced in spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats by intravenous injection of live Yersinia enterocolitica 0:8. Histologically the synovitis appears as proliferation of the lining cell layer, with inflammatory cells present in the subsynovium. The inflammatory cells are mostly lymphocytes. Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3 or Yersinia pseudotuberculosis did not induce arthritis. Susceptibility to Yersinia-associated arthritis is not determined by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), since rats of the normotensive control strain (WKY) with the same MHC do not develop arthritis.
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PMID:Experimental Yersinia-associated arthritis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 340 53

By auramine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining, cryptosporidial oocysts were found in the stools of 31 (1.36%) out of 2,367 patients with diarrhoea. All specimens were also tested for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and Rotavirus. Among these patients, 432 were children and 24 (5.5%) of them were positive for cryptosporidia. All children infected with cryptosporidia were immunocompetent. Watery diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal pain were the most frequent symptoms. The survey showed that in patients with gastroenteritis, cryptosporidial oocysts were found more commonly in the stools of children than in those of adults, and the prevalence of infection was the highest in August and September (16 cases). The epidemiological aspects and clinical significance are discussed.
Infection
PMID:Cryptosporidial diarrhoea in children. 343 76

The in vitro activities of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were tested against five selected groups of clinical bacterial isolates. Both were active against: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, irrespective of their resistance to methicillin or gentamicin; Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, irrespective of their beta-lactamase production; members of the Enterobacteriaceae family which were resistant to most oral beta-lactams, and most intestinal bacterial pathogens including Campylobacter, Vibrio, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia. Ciprofloxacin was found more active than ofloxacin against Pseudomonas with most isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas fluorescens susceptible, while those of Pseudomonas cepacia were resistant.
Infection 1986
PMID:Comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin against some selected gram-positive and gram-negative isolates. 346 53

In this study, we compared the activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin against 269 enteropathogenic strains (Campylobacter jejuni, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae and Yersinia enterocolitica) with that of rosoxacin, flumequin, nifuroxazide, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, amikacin, netilmicin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim and co-trimoxazole. Pefloxacin, enoxacin and ciprofloxacin were always among the most active compounds. Furthermore, resistant strains or strains with elevated MIC values were not found. The MIC90 value for these three compounds was less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l, except for C. jejuni where it was 0.3 mg/l and 1.4 mg/l for pefloxacin and enoxacin, respectively.
Infection
PMID:The comparative activity of pefloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin and 13 other antimicrobial agents against enteropathogenic microorganisms. 354 45

The aim of this study was to examine the intestinal response to Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) infection. Growing New Zealand white rabbits (450-800 g) were infected with 10(10) organisms of a human pathogenic strain (n = 43) or NaHCO3 for controls (n = 30) and studied 3, 6, 10, and 14 days after infection. In a separate experiment infected (n = 6) and pair-fed controls (n = 6) were studied 6 days after infection. Weight gain, excretion of YE, and diarrhea were examined daily. At sacrifice segments of proximal and mid- and distal small intestine, cecum, and colon were obtained for histologic examination and mucosa of small intestine and colon for enzyme determinations. Infection with YE resulted in weight loss and diarrhea within 48-72 h. Microabscesses were present in all sections of small and large intestine by day 3 but became more severe in the ileocecal region by day 6. In infected animals at day 6 there was crypt hyperplasia throughout the small intestine and villus atrophy in the ileum. Disaccharidases were decreased in all regions by day 3 but returned to normal by day 14 in proximal and mid-, but not distal, small intestine. The pair-fed controls experienced a similar weight loss to infected animals, but showed only minor morphologic changes and no mucosal enzyme abnormalities. Our findings demonstrate that infection of weanling rabbits with YE causes diarrhea and weight loss and that, while the weight loss is largely due to reduced food intake, the morphologic and mucosal enzyme alterations are due to intestinal injury by the organism.
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PMID:Clinical, morphological, and biochemical alterations in acute intestinal Yersiniosis. 372 57

Several microorganisms, including Yersinia sp., Salmonella sp., Brucella sp., Mycobacterium sp. and Leishmania sp., have successfully adapted to grow within macrophage phagolysosomes. Infections caused by these intracellular pathogens are among the most difficult to treat. As part of an antimicrobial strategy directed at modifying the phagolysosomal environment to the disadvantage of these important pathogens, we are defining the ambient conditions within the organism-containing phagolysosome. To probe this environment, we have used Yersinia pestis, whose expression of several virulence attributes is highly dependent on the Ca2+ concentration in its growth environment. We first genetically engineered a strain of Y. pestis which responds to a low-calcium environment by transcription of inserted structural genes of the Escherichia coli lac operon. Using this mutant organism as a relevant biological probe, we demonstrate here that the calcium concentration in Y. pestis-containing phagolysosomes is sufficiently low to permit virulence gene expression; this resolves the question of where Y. pestis might express its Ca2+-regulated genes in vivo.
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PMID:Probing the phagolysosomal environment of human macrophages with a Ca2+-responsive operon fusion in Yersinia pestis. 374 70

A case report is given of a 28 year old homosexual suffering from segmental proctitis caused by Chlamydia. The patient had watery diarrhea and fever since 3 weeks. Stool specimen testing was negative in regard to Salmonella, Shigella and worm eggs. Infection with N. gonorrhoea, Herpes simplex virus, Toxoplasma gondi, Yersinia and M. tuberculosis could be excluded. Serological testing yielded results suggestive of an old lues infection successfully treated. On histological examination typical reticulocytary suppurating granuloma were found. Therapy of choice of Chlamydia-proctitis is tetracyclines.
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PMID:[Segmental chlamydia proctitis]. 402 96


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