Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021311 (Infection)
 38,178 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A boy 13 year-old suffered an extremely severe and prolonged attack of hemorrhagic chickenpox with visceral involvement, the diagnosis being confirmed by isolation of varicella-zoster-virus (VZV). There was no other compromising disease. All preceding vaccinations including two against smallpox had been uneventful. The severity of the attack could not be ascribed to any persistent cellular or humoral immunodeficiency. The patient developed a good antibody response. The course of serological reactions to VZV infection was studied extensively using the different techniques of complement fixation and immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies. Therapy was conducted cautiously using cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) between the 10th and 17th day of disease; the temperature fell and VZV multiplication ceased, strongly suggesting a beneficial influence on the patient, who recovered completely.
Infection 1976
PMID:Severe hemorrhagic varicella with visceral involvement: virological and serological studies during treatment with cytosine arabinoside. 18 29

Infections of children with malignant disease, especially of the lympho-reticular system, are characterized by their severity, with a high mortality, as a consequence of defective immunocompetence. According to the immunosurveillance theory, temporary immune defects could have even facilitated the malignant growth. The neoplastic disease itself contributes to the immunodeficiency by multiple mechanisms. The powerful cytostatic-cytocidal drugs reduce the immune response also, especially in the phases of bone marrow depression. Granulocytopenia shows the most significant correlation with the incidence of serious infections. The different forms of hospital infections have been reviewed and classified as 1. bacterial, fungal and, rarely, (but most dangerous) protozoal infections, 2. endogenous infections with the patient's own anaerobic intestinal flora and 3. viral infections. The perspectives of up-to-date chemotherapy and management of the immunodeficiency e.g. with leucocyte transfusions, and attempts to prevent infection are discussed.
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PMID:[Infections in children with malignant disease (author's transl)]. 51 38

Seventy-five patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were treated for complement components C3, after factor B, C4, and tested for HLA-A and B-determinants. Levels of IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE and titres of measles antibodies were also determined. Correlations between these immunological values and HLA determinants could be obtained in siblings, parents and/or children of the patients in 13 families. B18 frequency is strongly associated with the hypocomplementaemic group (x2 = 8.9). An association of B18 with the population of cases with low B levels is also found (x2 = 8.02). Familial data showed that low C3 and/or low B levels are associated with the HLA haplotyes, especially with those containing B18. A "complement abnormality susceptibility gene", linked to the HLA genes, is postulated. Infections are significantly more frequent in families of hypocomplementaemic MS, the existence of a genetic immunodeficiency affecting the synthesis of the complement components, linked to the HLA determinants. In 1 case studied in this article, a heterozygous C2 deficiency linked to HLA-A10, B18 was found and might confirm this hypothesis.
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PMID:Hypocomplementaemic and normocomplementaemic multiple sclerosis. Genetic determinism and association with specific HLA determinants (B18 and B7). 88 65

Prevention and treatment of oral disease is required to maintain quality of life and to improve prognosis of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Management requires a team approach, and close collaboration with the appropriate responsible physicians and other health care workers is necessary. Oral infection is frequent and usually opportunistic, and management is based on certain principles. Infections may disseminate and can be persistent and severe; multiple concurrent or consecutive infections with different microorganisms are frequent; fungal, viral, and parasitic infections are rarely curable; and long-term antimicrobial therapy may be required. This article reviews the management of oral candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, and infections with herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus. The management of Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas, aphthous ulceration, gangrenous stomatitis, bleeding, xerostomia, and adverse drug reactions is also described. Treatment should avoid further immunosuppression and inducement of xerostomia or caries, and should be designed to avoid adverse drug reactions and possible drug interactions.
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PMID:Management of oral health in persons with HIV infection. 131 92

Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a major feature of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Gastrointestinal involvement is being seen more frequently. Our collective experience involves nine patients with stomach involvement. Seven patients were intravenous drug abusers or homosexuals with AIDS. One developed CMV gastritis as a complication of leukemia and one patient was a West African with lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. All our patients had biopsy-proven CMV inclusion bodies. The radiographic appearances varied widely. The findings included markedly thickened edematous folds, erosive gastritis with aphthous ulceration, and superficial and deep ulceration. One patient had deep ulceration with fistula formation. Computed tomographic (CT) scans confirmed the greatly thickened gastric wall and coarsened folds in two patients. Associated gastrointestinal infections included candida and herpes, and, in addition, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was present in two patients. CMV gastritis may mimic several other conditions including erosive gastritis, peptic ulceration, lymphoma, and carcinoma. It should be strongly considered in immunosuppressed patients.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus gastritis: protean radiologic features. 131 63

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma. Recent studies suggest that the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus infection is increased with oral-fecal contact and that a sexually transmitted agent possibly related to human papillomavirus-16 could be involved. Exposure to this or another sexually transmitted agent apparently alters both the morphology and growth regulation of the Kaposi's sarcoma progenitor cells. These changes include the expression of the alpha chain of the interleukin-6 receptor with the acquisition of an interleukin-6-dependent autocrine growth loop. Subsequent perturbation of multiple cytokines during human immunodeficiency virus infection, including Oncostatin-M, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha alters the subsequent growth of Kaposi's sarcoma. These studies suggest that control of cytokine perturbations or the underlying human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection should result in a significant reduction in the rate of growth of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-related Kaposi's sarcoma. 133 10

Seven immortalized B cell clones, five of which secreted specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against hepatitis B, tetanus toxoid, and Rhesus D antigens, were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Infection was confirmed in three human MAb-producing lines by detection of infectious virus and p24 antigen in culture supernates, by immunofluorescence, and by detection of viral DNA in cells by polymerase chain reaction. The infectable lines were as susceptible to HIV-1 infection as several T cell lines and remained persistently infected for several months, but in contrast to T cell controls, viral cytopathic effects were not observed. Levels of unintegrated viral DNA in the HB1 B cell line were significantly lower than in the HUT78 T cell line. Cell lines that were susceptible to HIV expressed HLA DR, CD20, and CD21, whereas the uninfectable cell lines did not express any of the markers tested. CD4 was undetectable or present on a small percentage of cells in two of the infectable cell lines. However, infection with HIV-1 was blocked more efficiently in B cells than in T cells by soluble CD4, anti-CD4 MAb, and dextran sulphate. The effect of HIV infection on human MAb secretion was variable, being reduced on a per-cell basis in one line, increased in another, and unchanged in a third.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Susceptibility of human monoclonal antibody-producing B cell lines to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. 133 86

The abnormal isoforms of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP), also termed Scrapie-associated fibril protein, are assumed to be one causative factor of spongiform encephalopathies. The mRNA of PrP contains stem-loop structures which are very similar to the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) cis-acting sequence TAR within the LTR; both structures contain the pentanucleotide CUGGG in the loop, and the uridine- and adenine-bulge in the stem. In this study, using purified HIV-encoded trans-activator, Tat, and HIV-1 TAR-RNA or PrP-mRNA containing the stem-loop structure, we demonstrate by use of gel-retardation and filter binding assays that Tat binds to TAR- and PrP-RNA with the dissociation constants of 2.9 or 37.0 nM, respectively, at a molar ratio of 0.7 mol of Tat to 1 mol of RNA fragment. The Tat-RNA (TAR or PrP) complexes bind to protein(s) in the nuclear matrix, isolated from human astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein positive brain cells). Infection of astrocytes with HIV-1 resulted in an increased level of PrP mRNA. The data presented led us to assume that certain sequences in the PrP mRNA might be targets for proteins acting in trans.
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PMID:Accumulation of transcripts coding for prion protein in human astrocytes during infection with human immunodeficiency virus. 135 48

The paucity of virus-laden CD4+ cells in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) contrasts with the greatly reduced numbers and function of these lymphocytes. A pathway is described whereby dendritic cells carry HIV-1 to uninfected T cells, amplifying the cytopathic effects of small amounts of virus. After exposure to HIV-1, dendritic cells continue to present superantigens and antigens, forming clusters with T cells that are driven to replicate. Infection of the dendritic cells cannot be detected, but the clustered T cells form syncytia, release virions, and die. Carriage of HIV-1 by dendritic cells may facilitate the lysis and loss of antigen specific CD4+ T cells in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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PMID:Dendritic cells exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to CD4+ T cells. 135 13

A prospective study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) amongst two groups of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Group 1 (primary prophylaxis) consisted of patients with either diseases indicative of AIDS other than PCP or whose absolute CD4 positive lymphocyte count was below 200/mm3, and Group 2 (secondary prophylaxis) comprised patients with previous proven episodes of PCP. Fifty-five patients (30-Group 1, 25-Group 2) were studied over a period of 36 months, and no patients reached a study end point of either relapse or death due to PCP after a mean duration of treatment of 14.9 months (range 9-36 months). There were no significant differences between the pulmonary function tests (forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced vital capacity and carbon monoxide diffusion capacity) performed at the start and end of the study on both groups of surviving patients. Ten patients (18%) reported coughing and eight patients (15%) were documented to have bronchoconstriction, which was found to be preventable by prior administration of disodiumcromoglycate. The results showed that weekly 600 mg aerosolised pentamidine is effective and well tolerated for primary and secondary prophylaxis against PCP without additional adverse effects. Further prospective randomized trials are needed to determine whether doses higher than the current recommended 300 mg monthly dosage of aerosolised pentamidine provide more efficacy before such an alternative prophylactic treatment is generally adopted for patients who cannot tolerate other systemic agents.
Infection
PMID:Efficacy and effects on pulmonary function tests of weekly 600 mg aerosol pentamidine as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 135 50


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