Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A potent inhibitor of cell proliferation was found in the urine of a patient with chronic renal failure. This substance included in "middle molecules" (MM) fraction, was obtained by chromatography. This factor was shown to inhibit noticeably the proliferation of various cells : lymphocytes stimulated by allogeneic cells, monolayer cell lines of normal or tumorous origin and leukemic cell lines derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This effect was reversible and thus could not be related to a direct, rapid cytotoxic effect of MM. Such substances could play an important part in uremic symptoms, such as immunodeficiency, anemia, thrombopenia, gastrointestinal or skin manifestations.
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PMID:A potent inhibitor of cell proliferation in "middle molecules" isolated from the urine of uremic patients. 54 28

Twenty Saudi children (mean age: 7.7 years) with chronic renal failure who had received several blood transfusions were screened for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) and antibodies to the various markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was significantly higher in these patients (45%) than in controls (1%) (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the exposure rate to HBV was similar in both groups (15.0% in patients vs 16.8% in controls). These results underscored the high risk of acquiring HCV infection in patients on haemodialysis irrespective of age. Currently, practices such as screening blood for HBsAg and other preventive measures seem to be effective in controlling HBV but not HCV infection in patients on haemodialysis. Perhaps, as with HBV, a stringent policy regarding HCV should be implemented if HCV is to be controlled. None of our patients or controls was anti-HIV positive.
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PMID:Seropositivity to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Saudi children with chronic renal failure maintained on haemodialysis. 138 99

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), a disease entity first described by Takatsuki et al., is endemic in southwestern Japan, the Caribbean Islands, and in some parts of Africa. ATL patients are classified into four subtypes according to the clinical picture: acute, chronic, smoldering, and lymphoma type. The diagnosis of ATL is made from the characteristic clinical findings, the detection of serum antibodies to HTLV-I, and when necessary, the confirmation of monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA in cellular DNA of ATL cells. Recently, diagnostic criteria for clinical subtypes of ATL were proposed by the Lymphoma Study Group in Japan: 1) smoldering type, normal lymphocyte level, no hypercalcemia, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value 1.5 times the upper limit of normal or lower, no lymphadenopathy, no involvement of liver, spleen, central nervous system (CNS), bone or gastrointestinal tract, and no ascites or pleural effusion: 2) chronic type, absolute lymphocytosis with T-lymphocytosis of greater than 3 x 10(9)/1, LDH value twice the upper limit of normal or lower, no hypercalcemia, no involvement of CNS, bone, or gastrointestinal tract, and no ascites or pleural effusion: 3) lymphoma type, no lymphocytosis, 1% or less abnormal lymphocytes, and histologically-proven lymphadenopathy: 4) acute type, remaining ATL patients who are not classified as any of the above types. Infection with HTLV-I is a direct cause of ATL. Furthermore, infection with this virus can indirectly cause many other diseases via the induction of immunodeficiency, such as chronic lung diseases, opportunistic lung infections, cancer of other organs, monoclonal gammopathy, chronic renal failure, strongyloidiasis, non-specific dermatomycosis, non-specific lymph node swelling, HTLV-I associated myelopathy (HAM/TSP), and HTLV-I uveitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Natural history of HTLV-I infection]. 163 39

In order to study circulating substances which could be involved in uremic immunodeficiency, the activity of plasma and plasmatic fractions of different molecular weight MW (A and B) from 12 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and 12 normal subjects (N) was assayed in vitro on PHA stimulated normal lymphocyte cultures. Plasma from CRF patients inhibited lymphoproliferation compared to normal plasma activity (mean +/- SD: 9,990 +/- 3,980 cpm vs. 22,163 +/- 3,054 cpm; p < 0.001). Nevertheless, the corresponding plasmatic fractions failed to induce similar effects. Both normal fractions showed inhibitory effects on proliferation while most of the CRF fractions allowed greater cellular proliferation than the former. The dose-response curves showed that all the normal fractions contained inhibitor(s) whose effect decreased with increasing dilution. Most of the B normal fractions also produced stimulatory effects when they were diluted between 1:5 and 1:25. Variable dose-response curves were obtained in the presence of CRF fractions. However, the lack of inhibitory activity in 9 of 12 patients and the stimulatory effects produced by several A-CRF fractions suggest qualitative differences between CRF and normal fractions. Present findings demonstrate inhibitory and stimulatory activities in the normal fractions which might be due to immunomodulator substances. Disorders in this immunomodulator system could be responsible for the immunodeficiency described in CRF patients.
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PMID:Immunomodulatory activity of plasmatic substances. 166 93

Hepatitis B infection is endemic in the tropics. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection might also be endemic in parts of Africa. Blood transfusion is a major risk factor in the transmission of either virus. Patients with end-stage chronic renal failure undergoing dialysis receive multiple blood transfusions. 3 of 12 hemodialyzed patients in a renal unit were found to carry the hepatitis B surface antigen. No patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and no patient with a kidney transplant bore that antigen. 5 of 12 hemodialyzed patients and only 1 of 7 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis were positive for the hepatitis B surface antibody. This status remained unchanged for 1 year. Only 1 patient who was initially HIV negative converted to HIV positive a year later.
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PMID:Serological and epidemiological studies of hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus in a dialysis unit of Africa. 206 81

The prevalence of hepatitis C infection was evaluated (Ortho HCV Antibody ELISA Test) in 64 patients with chronic renal failure treated in a single hemodialysis unit. None of these patients was a carrier of hepatitis B virus nor of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus. Antibodies against hepatitis C virus were detected in 11 patients (17%). The prevalence was higher in the 13 previously diagnosed of non A, non B hepatitis (77%) than in the 51 without previous hepatitis (2%) (p less than 0.001). A relationship between the infection rate and the number of previous blood transfusions was also observed: 5% in the patients without previous transfusions, 13% in the 30 patients who had received between 1 and 10 blood units and 40% in the 15 who had received more than 10 blood units (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that the hepatitis C virus may be responsible for most episodes previously diagnosed as non A, non B hepatitis, and that blood transfusions are the major risk factor.
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PMID:[Hepatitis C virus infection in patients treated with hemodialysis]. 212 6

Listeria monocytogenes bacteremia without meningitis has been reported in patients who have undergone long-term hemodialysis and have transfusional iron overload. On the other hand, cases of Listeria bacteremia without meningitis have occurred sporadically among the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome population, mostly homosexuals. There have been no reports of Listeria meningitis occurring among persons who are antibody positive to human immunodeficiency virus or are intravenous drug abusers having chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodialysis. This patient represents the first case of Listeria bacteremia and meningitis to occur in an intravenous drug abuser who is human immunodeficient antibody positive, is receiving hemodialysis, and has transfusional iron overload.
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PMID:Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient undergoing hemodialysis. 229 86

Mucormycosis is an uncommon infection caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. During an 8-year period, mucormycosis was diagnosed in 13 patients from three Madrid hospitals. There were 8 males and 5 females, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years (mean 45 years). There were several underlying diseases, and 4 patients had more than one. Five had diabetes mellitus, 4 chronic renal failure, 2 acute myeloblastic leukemia, 2 were narcotic abusers and were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 1 had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 was a carrier of a renal allograft and 1 had systemic necrotizing vasculitis. There were different clinical presentations: rhino-orbital in 3, paranasal in 2, cutaneous in 2, pulmonary in 2, primary cerebral in 2, rhinocerebral in 1, and peritoneal in 1. The diagnosis was made during the first week in 6 patients, in the second week in 4, and it was delayed for more than one month in 2. Fresh examination of clinical samples was carried out in 3 patients and hyphae were visualized in all 3. Cultures were taken in 10 patients and they were positive in 7. All isolates were identified as Rhizopus sp. One patient died within 24 hours without being treated, 12 were treated with amphotericin B and 9 received surgical therapy. Six patients (46%) died. The involvement of central nervous system and the absence of surgical therapy were associated with a poor outcome. These results indicate that mucormycosis can develop in several clinical contexts and has a varying clinical presentation. It is a potentially curable infections when early diagnosed and appropriately treated.
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PMID:[Mucormycosis. The disease spectrum in 13 patients]. 239 7

Antibody profiles for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined on 55 serum samples collected from patients with chronic renal failure who were on long-term haemodialysis for periods ranging from 8 months to 5 years and 3 months. The exposure rates for HBV, HAV, CMV, EBV and HIV were 94.5%, 100%, 94.5%, 94.5% and 0% respectively. Among the 7 HBsAg carriers, 1 and 3 were positive for e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody to HBeAg (anti-HBe), respectively and three negative for both. These 7 carriers were also negative for anti-delta antibody. A comparison of the above antiviral profiles to those of voluntary blood donors and general population in this district revealed tht there is no difference for HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV exposure rates, VDRL, alpha-fetoprotein and CEA were also tested and the results showed no abnormalities. Only 3 patients had abnormally elevated SGOT and SGPT levels; the causes were undetermined because all of them gave positive HBV, HAV, CMV and EBV antibody profiles. In conclusion the screening of HBsAg and VDRL in the blood banks virtually eliminated possible infections of HBV and spirochate by blood transfusion and the patients with chronic renal failure who are maintained on long-term haemodialysis are generally not at higher risks of hepatitis-related viral infections.
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PMID:[Hepatitis-related viral markers in patients under long-term hemodialysis]. 245 21

In order to study the possibility of abnormal differentiation and proliferation of T-cell precursors in chronic renal failure (CRF), we studied T-cell colony formation in CRF patients. The two-step monolayer method, with phytohemagglutinin-P as the inducer, was used for T-cell colony formation. In our results, colony formation was markedly reduced in CRF patients in comparison with normal controls, with about half of the former showing no colony growth. All cases showed a significant increase in colony numbers with in vitro plasmapheresis (the replacement of autologous plasma in the culture system with normal AB plasma). A significant increase in colony numbers was also seen with the addition of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2). The addition of IL-2 in the presence of normal plasma, in particular, induced an increase in colony numbers to near the levels in normal subjects. These results suggest that T-cell precursors exist in near normal numbers in CRF patients and that there are uremic inhibitors in the plasma. A reduced production of IL-2 is also indicated. These factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of immunodeficiency in CRF patients.
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PMID:Studies on T-cell colony formation in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. 261 72


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