Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) is a recently described infection usually found in patients with human immunodeficiency virus disease. BA is caused by a Gram-negative coccobacillus. This organism is primarily responsible for skin lesions of the pseudo-botryomycoma type or inflammatory nodules, but it also produces fever, degradation of the general condition and visceral lesions involving the lymph nodes, the liver, the spleen and the bones. Histology shows vascular proliferation with turgid endothelial cells and mostly neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrates. BA is susceptible to many antibiotics. The authors describe the history of the disease and its clinical and histological features, discuss its differential diagnosis and principally deal with the relationship between BA and cat-scratch disease and between BA and verruca peruana. They also present the molecular biology technique which enables a genotypic diagnosis of the disease to be made, replacing a deficient phenotype.
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PMID:[Bacillary angiomatosis]. 147 Jun 25

Bacillary angiomatosis is an opportunistic infection with systemic manifestations. Although most cases have occurred in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, other immunosuppressed patients, and even seemingly immunocompetent individuals, can become infected. In addition to the well-characterized cutaneous manifestations, visceral involvement can occur and may be the only locus of infection. Lymphadenopathy, bone or soft-tissue masses, fever, and hepatosplenomegaly can be presenting signs. The causative bacterium is still unidentified, but resemblances to the rickettsiae, Rochilamea quintana, the recently identified cat-scratch disease bacillus, and Bartonella bacilliformis have been noted by various investigators. Systemic disease is treatable and can be cured with antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Bacillary angiomatosis: a systemic opportunistic infection with prominent cutaneous manifestations. 193 68

Epithelioid angiomatosis, hemangioma-like vascular proliferations recently described in AIDS patients, has been associated with the cat scratch disease bacillus. Other vascular lesions present in AIDS patients, in particular Kaposi's sarcoma, have been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the possibility of viral association with epithelioid angiomatosis by analyzing two such lesions, as well as unrelated concurrent skin lesions, for the presence of viral genetic information. Colorimetric in-situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using cloned biotinylated probes for CMV, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The only virus demonstrated was EBV, and this was only in the two epithelioid angiomatosis lesions. Hybridization signal for EBV was present in the nuclei of endothelial cells and occasional histiocytes. Bacilli were demonstrated within one of the lesions by silver stain. This is the first report associating EBV with this entity, and the first-time demonstration of EBV genetic information in endothelial cells. Our data suggest that these vascular lesions may represent a nonspecific response to infection by many different agents, and that EBV may be involved in the pathogenesis of some of these lesions.
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PMID:Association of Epstein-Barr virus in epithelioid angiomatosis of AIDS patients. 216 9

Twelve patients (eight men and four women) had previously undiagnosed lymphoreticular disease associated with or simulating an inguinal (nine) or femoral (three) hernia. The disease was present on the left side in eight. Four patients (three women and one man) did not have an actual hernia. Two of these women had a preoperative diagnosis of femoral hernia. Seven of the patients, including all of the women, had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (three diffuse large cell, two follicular mixed cell and two follicular small cleaved cell) and one patient had lymphocytic predominance (nodular lymphocytic and histiocytic) Hodgkin's disease. No stage predominated. Inguinal lymph nodes from two patients showed, histologically, Kaposi's sarcoma and type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated disease. Each patient was homosexual and HIV seropositive. Changes suggestive of viral cause were present in the lymph node of one patient. The enlarged lymph nodes of the 12th patient showed stellate suppurative granulomas containing cat-scratch bacilli demonstrated by Warthin-Starry stain. Because of the special processing needs for lymphoreticular diseases and potential for misdiagnosis, surgeons, clinicians and pathologists should be aware of the spectrum of lymphoreticular processes occurring in lymph nodes associated with or masquerading as a hernia, particularly in women.
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PMID:Lymphoreticular disease masquerading as or associated with an inguinal or femoral hernia. 232 Nov 21

Opportunistic infection with the causative agent of cat scratch disease may be responsible for an unusual vascular proliferative lesion, referred to as bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis, previously described only in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. We present a case of an HIV-infected patient with bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis involving the liver and bone marrow causing progressive hepatic failure. We also report a case of a cardiac transplant recipient with hepatic and splenic bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis manifesting as a fever of unknown origin, a previously unreported event in a non-HIV-infected patient. These cases represent the first documentation of bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis with visualization of cat scratch-like organisms involving internal organs.
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PMID:Visceral bacillary epithelioid angiomatosis: possible manifestations of disseminated cat scratch disease in the immunocompromised host: a report of two cases. 238 68

Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly recognized multisystem bacterial infectious disease seen in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The disease is marked by cutaneous vascular lesions that contain a bacterium similar to the cat scratch disease bacillus. Antibiotic therapy leads to the resolution of both cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Of 17 HIV-infected patients with cutaneous lesions of bacillary angiomatosis, six (35%) had symptomatic osteolytic bone lesions that improved following antibiotic therapy. The authors describe the appearance of the bone lesions on radiographs, computed tomographic (CT) scans, magnetic resonance (MR) images, and radionuclide studies. Osteolytic lesions are a relatively common feature of bacillary angiomatosis in patients with HIV infection. The presence of bone lesions aids in differentiation of bacillary angiomatosis from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi sarcoma, which has similar cutaneous abnormalities but no associated bone lesions.
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PMID:Osteolytic lesions and bacillary angiomatosis in HIV infection: radiologic differentiation from AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma. 239 42

A male homosexual (positive for the human immunodeficiency virus) with a recent cat scratch developed fever, epitrochlear and axillary lymphadenopathy, and retinitis. Subsequently, he developed skin (epitheloid hemangioma) and mucosal lesions (Kaposi's sarcoma), multiple liver abscesses, and pleural effusion. Warthin-Starry stains and/or electron micrographs of lymph nodes and skin lesions demonstrated bacilli characteristic of those associated with cat-scratch disease. Cultures of lymph node, pleural fluid, and liver abscess specimens yielded organisms believed to be the causative agent of cat-scratch disease. We believe that disseminated cat-scratch disease may become an indicator of opportunistic infection signaling acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a patient who is positive for the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:Culture-proved disseminated cat-scratch disease in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 273 Feb 65

Cutaneous lesions develop frequently in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe the clinical features of four patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related complex who developed angiomatous nodules involving skin and bone, 2 of whom were scratched by a cat. Some of these lesions were clinically indistinguishable from Kaposi sarcoma. When examined with Warthin-Starry staining and electron microscopy, these nodules were noted to contain numerous clumps of a bacterium. Immunoperoxidase staining with an antiserum raised against the cat-scratch disease bacillus stained these organisms in all patients. Cat-scratch disease is usually a self-limited infection, but complicated or prolonged infections have been described in both normal and immunocompromised hosts. In our patients infected with HIV, manifestations of systemic cat-scratch disease included angiomatous nodules, severe systemic symptoms of fever, chills, night sweats and weight loss, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and decreased hematocrit. Cutaneous lesions involved the face, trunk, and extremities and numbered 2 to greater than 60; osseous lesions involved the fibula, radius, femur, and tibia, and were present in two of four patients. Treatment with x-ray therapy, intralesional vinblastine, penicillin, dicloxacillin, cephradine, and nafcillin had no effect on any lesions; however, treatment with erythromycin, doxycycline, or antimycobacterial antibiotics resulted in complete and rapid resolution of the cutaneous and osseous lesions, and the accompanying signs and symptoms of systemic infection. In patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex, angiomatous nodules should be carefully evaluated for the presence of this organism, which can be treated and cured with antibiotic agents.
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PMID:Cutaneous vascular lesions and disseminated cat-scratch disease in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex. 341 5

The isolation of Bartonella henselae, the agent of cat scratch disease, from the blood of naturally infected domestic cats and the demonstration that cats remain bacteremic for several months suggest that cats play a major role as a reservoir for this bacterium. A convenience sample of 205 cats from northern California was selected between 1992 and 1994 to evaluate the B. henselae antibody and bacteremia prevalences and to determine the risk factors and associations between bacteremia and antibody titers. B. henselae was isolated from the blood of 81 cats (39.5%). Forty-two (52%) of these bacteremic cats were found to be infected with > or = 1,000 CFU/ml of blood. Impounded or former stray cats were 2.86 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.94, 4.22) times more likely to be bacteremic than the pet cats. Young cats ( < 1 year old) were more likely than adult cats to be bacteremic (relative risk = 1.64; (95% CI = 1.19, 2.28). Bacteremic cats were more likely than nonbacteremic cats to be infested with fleas (relative risk = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.38, 1.96). No association between B. henselae infection and feline immunodeficiency virus antibody prevalence was observed. Eighty-one percent of the cats (166 of 205) tested positive for B. henselae antibodies, and titers were higher in bacteremic than in nonbacteremic cats. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age and seropositivity for B. henselae antibodies were associated with bacteremia. Serological screening for Bartonella antibodies may not be useful for the identification of bacteremic cats (positive predictive value = 46.4%), but the lack of antibodies to B. henselae was highly predictive of the absence of bacteremia (negative predictive value = 89.7%). Seronegative cats may be more appropriate pets for immunocompromised individuals who are at increased risk for developing severe B. henselae disease.
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PMID:Bartonella henselae prevalence in domestic cats in California: risk factors and association between bacteremia and antibody titers. 749 43

Several years ago, Rochalimaea henselae has emerged as an agent of bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis and recurrent septicaemia that generally occur in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. An aetiologic role in cat scratch disease is also suspected widely on the basis of a serologic survey. Its slow growth and its culture requirement explain that this pathogen, a gram-negative bacterium, could not be isolated until 1990. Moreover, blood and tissue samples request lysis and crushing for recovering by culture. The clinical, histological, microbiological and pathogenic aspects of these infections are described and discussed.
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PMID:[Rochalimaea henselae, Afipia felis and cat-scratch disease]. 752 53


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