Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ninety analogues of suramin have been examined for their ability to inhibit the exogenous reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I). Of these compounds, 57 inhibited the poly(rC).oligo(dG)-dependent RT activity. Three classes of dose-response curves could be discriminated. Allocation of a compound to one class did not correspond with obvious structural features. Twenty-four substances were superior to suramin in our RT inhibition assay. The RT-inhibitory activity of these compounds did not correlate with their effect against filariae or trypanosomes. Preliminary antiviral evaluation in susceptible human T cells inoculated with HIV-I demonstrated in vitro therapeutic efficacy for some compounds with lower drug-related cellular toxicity than suramin. Certain structural features relevant for the RT-inhibitory effect of these compounds were recognized. Predictions are made for the design of more effective RT inhibitors. Such compounds will help to understand the molecular mechanism of reverse transcription and might be useful in the therapy of retroviral infections.
J Gen Virol 1987 Aug
PMID:Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type I reverse transcriptase by suramin-related compounds. 244 Sep 83

Five of five human teratocarcinomas cultured in vitro could be induced to synthesize retrovirus-like particles, albeit in extremely low amounts. The accumulation and purification of the human teratocarcinoma-derived retrovirus (HTDV) from one of these cell lines allowed characterization of its genomic material as high mol. wt. (60S) RNA. Partial purification of HTDV-associated RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) has also been achieved. HTDVs are easily distinguishable from the exogenous human T-lymphotropic viruses and human immunodeficiency viruses by morphological, biological and immunological criteria.
J Gen Virol 1987 Nov
PMID:Genome analysis and reverse transcriptase activity of human teratocarcinoma-derived retroviruses. 244 5

Human sera were examined by immunoblotting for antibodies against the polymerase (reverse transcriptase) believed to be encoded in the P open reading frame (ORF) of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Sera from patients with self-limited and chronic hepatitis reacted specifically with fusion proteins containing different domains of the P ORF. The results indicate that this ORF is expressed, and that the corresponding proteins contain at least two immunogenic domains. In contrast to human immunodeficiency virus, induction of antibodies against reverse transcriptase appears to be less common for HBV, and may depend on long persistence of infection.
J Gen Virol 1988 Mar
PMID:Serological evidence for expression of the polymerase gene of human hepatitis B virus in vivo. 245 Sep 67

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised against gag proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), strain HTLV-IIIB. One of 29 antibodies was specific for p17 of HIV-1. Twenty of 28 MAbs reactive with the major core protein p24 of HIV-1 showed cross-reactivity with HIV-2, and five of these also detected the corresponding antigens of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac). The MAbs were reactive in several tests, i.e. ELISA, immunostaining of Western blots, immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. The submembrane protein p17 was clearly localized within the virion.
J Gen Virol 1988 Aug
PMID:Monoclonal antibodies directed against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gag proteins with specificity for conserved epitopes in HIV-1, HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. 245 67

Two cell lines of human T lymphocytes (H9 and CEM) chronically infected with isolates of human or simian immunodeficiency viruses were examined by electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy of H9 cells showed characteristic morphological changes in the cells after infection with human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-IIIB); these included loss of cell microvilli and their replacement by rounded surface protrusions. Virus particles were present over the whole cell surface, but were more numerous between, rather than on, surface protrusions. In contrast, CEM cells infected with three other isolates of the virus showed little change in morphology compared with uninfected cells; they typically had a single large aggregate of virus particles at the posterior end of the cell. Transmission electron microscopy of sections of infected cells showed budding virus in only a small proportion of cells although many had mature virus particles on their surface. The immature particles released by budding had a ring-like morphology in contrast to the mature virus with its characteristic elongated nucleoid. Surface spikes were rarely seen on sectioned virus particles, but were more obvious on the simian immunodeficiency virus than on human isolates. Negative staining of purified virus preparations showed that the peripheral dense material of immature particles had a striated structure. Surface spikes were not seen by negative staining on either immature or mature virus particles. A third type of smaller particle with surface spikes was found in all negatively stained preparations.
J Gen Virol 1988 Oct
PMID:Electron microscopy of human immunodeficiency virus. 245

An important antigenic determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that induces neutralizing activity in infected humans and chimpanzees was previously mapped with nonapeptides between amino acids 307 and 320 on the external envelope glycoprotein (gp 120) of strain HTLV-IIIB (molecular clone BH10) and amino acids 320 to 330 of strain HTLV-IIIRF. Using different sera we found different reactive nonapeptides that overlapped and shared a tetrapeptide, GPGR. This tetrapeptide, which is the same in HTLV-IIIB and HTLV-IIIRF, is flanked by amino acids that vary between virus strains. Because GPGR is predicted to form a beta-turn and is flanked by two cysteine residues that may form a disulphide bridge, a hairpin-like structure is suggested for this part of gp120. The tetrapeptide GPGR and the reactive peptides are located on top of this structure, well exposed to antibodies. We determined the role of the individual amino acids in antibody binding using three sets of peptide analogues derived from three reactive nonapeptides (two of strain HTLV-IIIB which overlapped and one of strain HTLV-IIIRF). Each set contained peptide analogues in which each amino acid was replaced, one at a time, by all genetically encoded amino acids. At least five consecutive amino acids in each nonapeptide were essential for antibody binding. They include amino acids of GPGR and potentially provide the virus with ample opportunity to escape immune surveillance.
J Gen Virol 1989 Jun
PMID:Specificity and function of the individual amino acids of an important determinant of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that induces neutralizing activity. 247 13

Negative staining electron microscopy was used to study sucrose gradient-purified preparations of the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251). Both isolated and aggregated virus particles were observed together with some free-lying virus cores. The cores were 110 nm long and 25 to 50 nm wide and were mainly conical or wedge-like in shape. Surface projections were seen on the envelope membrane of many of the virus particles; the knobs were approximately 6 nm in length, 10 nm wide and from an end-on view they had a Y or triangular-shaped morphology.
J Gen Virol 1989 Aug
PMID:The morphology of simian immunodeficiency virus as shown by negative staining electron microscopy. 247 83

The sequences encoding the p24 core protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were identified in a cDNA library made from infected CEM cells. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA coding for p24 was shown to be very similar but not identical to the sequences of lymphadenopathy virus and human T-cell leukaemia virus type IIIb. These sequences were expressed in Escherichia coli at the amino terminus of beta-galactosidase and used to screen a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against virus-expressed p24. Regions containing the epitopes of five of the monoclonal antibodies were located using a series of amino- and carboxy-terminal deletion mutants of the recombinant p24 protein.
J Gen Virol 1989 Nov
PMID:The cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of sequences coding for p24, the core protein of human immunodeficiency virus, and the use of the recombinant protein in characterizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the viral p24 protein. 247 10

The sequences coding for the p18 protein of CBL-1, a British human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 isolate, were expressed in Escherichia coli as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins. The recombinant proteins were used to screen a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) raised against p18 expressed in CBL-1-infected cells. The regions containing the epitopes for four of the MAbs were located using carboxy deletion mutants and synthetic peptides. The epitope of one of the MAbs (1D9) was reconstructed as part of an unfused, E. coli-expressed p18 protein using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Four different HIV strains and one lymphadenopathy virus type 2 strain were analysed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of live infected cells using the p18-reactive MAbs.
J Gen Virol 1989 Nov
PMID:The expression in Escherichia coli of sequences coding for the p18 protein of human immunodeficiency virus and the use of the recombinant protein in characterizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the viral p18 protein. 247 11

Visna virus is the prototype lentivirus, with a genome structure similar to that of the human immunodeficiency viruses HIV-1 and HIV-2. We have analysed in vitro the transcription pattern of this virus in lytic infections of choroid plexus cells. Northern blot analysis shows the presence of spliced subgenomic mRNA species of 4.9, 4.3, 4.0, 1.7 and 1.4 kb. Use of appropriate subgenomic probes shows that the first three of these species encode envelope protein (but also potentially the small open reading frames Q and S). The 1.7 kb RNA could contain S. In order to elucidate the translational coding potential of the smallest RNA, and to characterize further all the transcripts, S1 mapping was performed across those parts of the genome which were close to exon/intron boundaries. This allowed the definition of acceptor splice sites following both introns 1 and 2 as well as donor sites preceding intron 2. The data suggest that the 1.4 kb RNA encodes a protein derived from the F reading frame that may form part of a precursor protein and also contains sequences with some degree of homology to the rev (trs/art) protein of HIV, as well as a typical protease cleavage site between these sequences and the F protein.
J Gen Virol 1989 Aug
PMID:A transcriptional map of visna virus: definition of the second intron structure suggests a rev-like gene product. 254 79


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