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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Eleven cases of severe type hemophiliacs who had received long-term factor VIII injections were tested for the serological markers of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The period of factor VIII concentrate injections ranged from 2 to 32 years. The seropositive rates of HIV and HCV were 9/11(82%) and 11/11(100%), respectively. The seropositive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen was only 1/11(9%), while the seropositive rates of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen were 9/11(82%) and 7/11(64%), respectively, Although the patients had no symptoms related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, they were noted to have inverted helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio, suggesting that hemophiliacs with long-term factor VIII injections have a high incidence of HIV and HCV infection, with immunological aberration.
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PMID:HIV, HBV and HCV seropositivity in hemophiliacs. 172 73

Binding of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) external envelope glycoprotein (gp120) has been reported to alter the function and surface antigen expression of lymphocytes and monocytes in vitro. To determine whether these in vitro findings could be relevant in vivo, we searched for the presence of this antigen in the serum of patients with AIDS and the AIDS-related complex (ARC). Using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with polyclonal anti-gp120 antibody, we detected envelope antigens (gp160/120) in serum of 22 of 32 AIDS patients. In contrast, an ELISA using solid-phase recombinant CD4 to capture gp160/120 failed to detect any positives. A modification of the anti-gp120-based ELISA identified gp160/120-IgG immune complexes in all of 11 AIDS patients tested and in 4 ARC patients who were negative for gp160/120 antigen. We conclude that gp160/120, predominantly in the form of immune complexes, can be identified as circulating antigen in patients with AIDS. The potential pathogenic consequences of this antigenemia, its relation to soluble CD4 therapy, and its application as a clinical marker of disease merit further study.
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PMID:Identification of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein in the serum of AIDS and ARC patients. 174 Jul 50

Dental professionals attending the annual meeting of the College of Dental Surgeons of British Columbia in June 1990 were involved in a survey to assess the prevalence of infection with Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency viruses, the acceptance of vaccination for protection against Hepatitis B virus, and the compliance with infection control guidelines. Participation was voluntary and anonymous and required completion of a questionnaire and donation of a blood sample. Four hundred one of 1,995 convention attendees participated. Fourteen were found to have markers of Hepatitis B infection; 13 had antibodies to both Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis B core antigen, and one was positive for Hepatitis B surface antigen. One individual had markers for both Hepatitis C and Hepatitis B viruses. None tested positive for antibody to Human Immunodeficiency virus. Vaccination against Hepatitis B virus was reported overall by 67 percent of the participants, but dentists and hygienists had a higher rate of vaccination (82 percent and 81 percent, respectively) when compared to dental assistants (41 percent; P less than .001). Acceptance of infection control procedures was high, with 92 percent of participants reporting use of gloves for all patients and 82 percent reporting use of masks and eye protection.
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PMID:Hepatitis & HIV: prevalence of infection and changing attitudes toward infection control procedures in British Columbia. 174 15

Concern over the transmission of communicable diseases through donor tissue has recently increased. Nine hundred and fifty-nine pieces of banked homologous irradiated fascia lata have been distributed to ophthalmic plastic surgeons nationwide over the past 3 years since the establishment of the Wills Eye Hospital Fascia Lata Bank. Safeguards taken against the transmission of disease include strict donor selection; negative antibody testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg); heat treatment; and radiation sterilization with 4 million rads of cobalt-60 gamma radiation. To date, no cases have been reported of the transmission of HIV through surgical implantation of banked irradiated homologous fascia lata.
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PMID:HIV and banked fascia lata. 176 28

The rat-rat hybridoma technique has some definite advantages in the three systems (mouse, rat or human system) currently utilized for monoclonal antibody production. The study on rat-rat hybridoma technique and its application to the productions of monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) are described as examples in this paper.
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PMID:Study on rat-rat hybridoma technique and production of rat monoclonal antibodies against HIV and HBsAg. 177 18

Several infectious agents transmit through infected blood and blood products. To decrease the potential for disease transmission, donors are screened for risk factors by medical history and for evidence of infection by specific testing. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) currently requires that all donations of whole blood and transfusable components as well as plasma for fractionation into injectable derivatives be subjected to a serologic test for syphilis, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and antibody to the human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). The FDA also currently recommends testing donations of whole blood and components for transfusion for antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type I (anti-HTLV-I) and antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), and is considering recommending testing for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Blood banks in the United States voluntarily began testing donations for anti-HBc and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 1986 and 1987 and for anti-HCV in 1990.
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PMID:Public Health Service inter-agency guidelines for screening donors of blood, plasma, organs, tissues, and semen for evidence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C. 185 Apr 96

We describe a multichannel heterogeneous immunoassay analyzer in which a sample is split between disposable reaction trays in a group of linear tracks. The system's pipettor uses noninvasive sensing of the sample volume and disposable pipet tips. Each assay track has (a) a conveyor belt for moving reaction trays to predetermined functional stations, (b) temperature-controlled tunnels, (c) noncontact transfer of the reaction mixture between incubation and detection wells, and (d) single-photon counting to detect a chemiluminescence (CL) signal from the captured immunochemical product. A novel disposable reaction tray, with separate reaction and detection wells and self-contained fluid removal, is used in conjunction with the transfer device on the track to produce a carryover-free system. The linear immunoassay track has nine predetermined positions for performing individual assay steps. Assay step sequence and timing is selected by changing the location of the assay modules between these predetermined positions. The assay methodology, a combination of microparticle capture and direct detection of a CL signal on a porous matrix, offers excellent sensitivity, specificity, and ease of automation. Immunoassay configurations have been tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus I and II, and human T-cell leukemia virus I and II.
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PMID:Abbott prism: a multichannel heterogeneous chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. 189 88

Blood bank staff, 8 out of 25 (32%) have been exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the prevalence of HBV markers in blood bank employees handling high risk subjects show hepatitis B surface antigen (n = 1), hepatitis B surface antibody (n = 7), hepatitis B core antibody (n = 6) and combined hepatitis B surface antibody and hepatitis B core antibody (n = 6) seropositivity but all are negative to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Serum alanine aminotransferase was raised in the employees than normal subjects and it is suggestive of sub-clinical hepatitis. The employees of blood bank should be trained for proper handling of test materials and must be periodically monitored for HBV and HIV. Immunisation for HBV is mandatory only for the employees of transfusion centre which handles high risk subjects.
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PMID:Prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in employees of a blood transfusion centre. 194 Apr 10

Sixty five breast milk samples were subjected to bacteriological studies; each sample thrice (in fresh state, after heating at 1000C and freezing for 5 days at -20 degrees C). In fresh State, Staphylococci and diphtheroids were predominant organisms. After heating, none of the samples showed any micro-organisms while after freezing for 5 days, all the samples showing presence of micro-organisms earlier, showed decrease in colony counts. None of the milk samples showed inclusions of cytomegalovirus. Serum samples of mothers tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen and human immunodeficiency virus antibodies gave negative results. Such studies i.e. screening of breast milk samples are important if human milk is to be stored in banks and supplied to premature (high risk group) children.
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PMID:Microbiological study of breast milk with special reference to its storage in milk bank. 194 84

The prevalence, clinical manifestations and serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) infections were studied in 117 Israeli hemophiliacs. Positive serological markers for HBV infection (HB surface antigen, antibody to HB surface antigen or antibody to HB core antigen) were more common in patients treated with non heat-treated F-VIII concentrates (NHTC) than with cryoprecipitate (48/49 vs. 23/29, P less than 0.05), and in patients treated with greater than 10,000 factor units/year (90% vs. 62%, P less than 0.05). Of the 117 patients, 55% were HIV negative, 29% had asymptomatic HIV seropositivity and 16% had symptomatic HIV infection (lymphadenopathy syndrome, AIDS-related complex or AIDS). HIVB seropositivity was more common in patients treated with NHTC than in those treated with cryoprecipitate (83% vs. 11%, P less than 0.001), and in patients treated with greater than 100,000 compared to less than 10,000 F-VIII units/year (70% vs. 15%, P less than 0.001). Hypergammaglobulinemia correlated with HIV seropositivity, alanine aminotransferase levels and type and amount of concentrate therapy. Of 50 HIV-seropositive patients, 40 (98%) had serological markers of HBV infection compared with only 40 of 52 HIV-negative patients (77%) (P less than 0.01). Symptomatic HIV infection was more common in patients with a positive history of jaundice, 7 of 18 (38%) compared with 12 of 99 (12%) (P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that HBV and HIV infections are less prevalent in cryoprecipitate-treated patients, and that HBV seropositivity is a predictor of HIV seropositivity in hemophiliacs.
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PMID:The prevalence and interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in Israeli hemophiliacs. 195 12


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