Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical manifestations and some immunological parameters (CD4 lymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, IgM, IgA, IgG levels, skin test) were examined in 226 adult patients (148 males and 78 females) infected with HIV. These included 58 (26%) asymptomatic patients with seropositive test, 109 (48%) with the only clinical manifestation generalized lymphadenopathy; 54 (24%) with AIDS-related infections, 5 (2%) with AIDS. A subsequent follow-up of 3 months to 3 years demonstrated that AIDS developed in 7 patients, 9 died. The period of infection with HIV and death ranged from 1.5 to 9 years. The signs of cell immunodeficiency were found in 70% of the examinees. Recommendations are given on the classification of HIV infection.
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PMID:[Clinical manifestations and the problems of classification of HIV infection]. 128 10

A 20-month-old Indian boy presented with recurrent pyogenic infections and failure to thrive. His IgG and IgA levels were low, but his IgM was elevated. He also had undetectable isohaemagglutinin titre and neutropenia, both parameters being poor prognostic indicators in this very rare primary immunodeficiency state--antibody deficiency with hyper IgM. Our patient subsequently succumbed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicaemia and meningitis inspite of aggressive antibiotic and intravenous gammaglobulin therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such case to be documented in Malaysia.
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PMID:Antibody deficiency with hyper IgM--a case report. 130 25

In order to prevent the radiotherapeutically-induced aggravation of initial immunodeficiency, a thymic preparation (Thymex L) was given to lung cancer patients simultaneously with irradiation. The parameters of both cellular and humoral nonspecific immunity were evaluated in two groups of patients: one was treated with radiotherapy only (60 Gy in 30 fractions); the other one received Thymex L (100 mg 3 times a week, total dose 1800 mg, i.m.) simultaneously with radiotherapy. The significant decrease of B and T cell number, and decreased lymphoproliferative response to PHA were found in all patients before therapy; the number and phagocyting capacity of blood monocytes, as well as the concentrations of circulating IgG, IgA and immunocomplexes, were all significantly increased. Immediately after irradiation the patients had even lower number of T and B cells, diminished reactivity to PHA and higher number of mononuclear phagocytes when compared to the values before therapy. In patients treated with Thymex L, the number of B and T cells and PHA-induced proliferative response were significantly higher than in those treated with radiotherapy only. No effect of this therapy was seen on active T cells, on high number and function of mononuclear phagocytes and on elevated concentrations of serum immunoglobulins and immune complexes. Our results indicate that Thymex L can successfully prevent the harmful effect of radiation therapy on cellular immunity in a majority of lung cancer patients.
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PMID:The protective activity of Thymex L against radiotherapeutically-induced cellular immunodepression in lung cancer patients. 132 21

The present retrospective study compares the laboratory diagnosis of cytomegalic inclusion disease (CID) by the use of "shell vial culture" [i.e., immunoperoxidase staining of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early antigen in human fibroblasts 24 h postinoculation] to the results of serology (i.e. immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, and IgA HCMV antibody testing) in 21 infants with congenital or postnatally acquired HCMV infection, 5 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 35 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients who met the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) criteria for stages IVA and IVB of HIV infection, and 115 patients suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS (stages IVC-IVE according to CDC criteria). HCMV infection was diagnosed by means of the shell vial culture inoculated with patient samples (e.g., urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, induced sputum, etc.) and serology in 163 (92.6%) and 65 (36.9%) patients, respectively. Viral shedding was detected by shell vial culture in 100% of the neonates, 80% of the patients suffering from lymphoproliferative disorders, 100% of the AIDS related complex (ARC) and 89.6% of the AIDS patients. In contrast, serologic testing for HCMV-specific antibodies was positive in only 28.6%, 42.9%, and 34.8% of the neonates, ARC, and AIDS patients, respectively. In lymphoma patients, serologic testing gave identical results (80%) to the shell vial culture technique. With the use of the shell vial procedure, active HCMV infection in immunocompromised subjects and neonates can be recognized more reliably than by serologic testing. Nevertheless, in a low percentage of patients (7.4%), virus isolation by the shell vial culture may fail to detect HCMV infection.
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PMID:Comparison of shell viral culture and serology for the diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection in neonates and immunocompromised subjects. 132 25

The IgE synthesis is tightly controlled by a complex network of T and B cells. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease associates T cell activation and depletion, polyclonal B cell activation, atopic symptoms, drug hypersensitivity, and autoimmune activity, we have evaluated IgE, as well as IgA, IgG, and IgM, in 315 HIV-seropositive individuals with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and compared the results to those of 100 HIV-seronegative subjects. IgE levels were higher in HIV-infected subjects as a whole, compared to levels in seronegative control subjects (p less than 0.05). This difference was particularly marked between patients with AIDS and control subjects (p less than 0.005). A strong relationship appeared between IgE and the immune status as assessed by CD4 cell counts (p less than 0.001 between IgE values in patients with CD4 less than 300 or greater than 300/microliters). In addition, we assessed the predictive value of IgE elevation over disease progression: in subjects with a CD4 count less than 300/microliters, the survival analysis disclosed a 24-month occurrence rate of AIDS of 83% in individuals with IgE greater than 150 KIU/L versus 44% in individuals with IgE less than 150 (p = 0.016). In subjects with an AIDS-related complex, IgE greater than 150 indicated a 100% rate of AIDS versus 9% in individuals with IgE less than 150 (p = 0.003). Thus, IgE levels appear to be a very discriminative marker between patients in late stages of HIV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Elevation of IgE in HIV-infected subjects: a marker of poor prognosis. 134 48

Seven forms of X-linked (XL) immunodeficiency have been described (XL agammaglobulinemia, XL severe combined immunodeficiency [SCID], Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, XL chronic granulomatous disease, XL hyper-IgM syndrome with low IgG and IgA, and XL lymphoproliferative syndrome), and properdine deficiency. Although there are (some) phenotypic variants, diagnosis is relatively simple on the basis of clinical, immunological, and genetic characteristics. We studied a family in which several males were affected by severe infections and whose pedigree suggested recessive XL inheritance of an immunodeficiency. Immunologic and genetic studies (X inactivation patterns in females and restriction fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] segregation) were performed in order to characterize the immunodeficiency. The propositus, a 5-yr-old boy, was found to have a severe and progressive T- and B-cell functional immunodeficiency characterized by defective antigen-specific responses. No lymphocyte subsets or membrane anomalies were detected and the immunodeficiency did not correspond to usual XL forms. Studies of DNA from two of the informative females, the mother and one sister revealed nonrandom X chromosome inactivation of T cells and, partially, B cells but not PMN, a pattern similar to that observed in XL SCID carriers. RFLP studies identified a haplotype segregating with the abnormal locus that may be localized in the proximal part of the long arm of the X chromosome. We thus report the characterization of a new XL immunodeficiency that may correspond either to another XL locus or to an attenuated phenotype of XL SCID.
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PMID:Genetic study of a new X-linked recessive immunodeficiency syndrome. 134 96

European patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection have been reported to have lower titers of anti-p24 antibody than Central African HIV seropositive patients. Recently, black HIV positive patients in the United States were reported to be more likely to have detectable anti-p24 antibodies, less p24 antigenemia, and higher combined serum immunoglobulins than white HIV positive patients. We measured individual total serum immunoglobulins in 853 HIV positive patients (94% male; 58% white and 42% black) on their initial medical evaluation and compared them with CD4+ T-cell counts. Blacks had notably higher IgG levels (p = 0.001) across the entire spectrum of CD4+ T-cell counts. Serum IgM levels were slightly higher in blacks. IgA levels were not significantly different between the races, although the trend (p = 0.006) was toward higher levels in whites. We also measured these three serum immunoglobulins in 60 HIV seronegative, healthy blood donors (30 black and 30 white). In this control group, blacks had statistically higher IgG and IgA levels than whites. A review of the literature prior to the HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemic also supports the view that racial differences in IgG levels are not specific for HIV infection. We speculate that racial differences in humoral immunity, independent of geography or strain of HIV, may account for differences in anti-HIV antibody levels and HIV antigenemia.
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PMID:Comparison by race of total serum IgG, IgA, and IgM with CD4+ T-cell counts in North American persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 134 87

We examined the association of three serum immune markers with CD4 cell counts in a large cohort of i.v. drug users with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Levels of beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin were significantly elevated in HIV-infected subjects and increased in association with decline in CD4 cell counts (all p less than 0.001). Serum IgA levels in HIV-seropositive individuals were significantly elevated only when the CD4 cell count was less than 200/microliters (p less than 0.001). After controlling for HIV status and CD4 count, recent history of hepatitis was associated with significantly higher beta 2-microglobulin (p = 0.028) and marginally higher neopterin (p = 0.052) levels. There was no association of race, gender, or drug use patterns with levels of serum immune markers after controlling for HIV status and CD4 count. These data indicate that immune activation is coupled with immunosuppression in HIV-infected i.v. drug users. In addition, beta 2-microglobulin and neopterin levels are elevated in persons with a recent history of hepatitis but not in those with recent non-AIDS-defining bacterial infections. Markers of immune activation do not vary by race, gender, or drug use patterns among i.v. drug users.
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PMID:Immune serum markers and CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected intravenous drug users. 136 May 38

Interaction between herpesviruses and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1 is postulated in the progression of HIV disease. In order to evaluate the specific antibody responses directed to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to provide serological evidence suggesting reactivation of these viruses able to accelerate the immunodeficiency, we studied IgA and IgG titres to EBV and CMV in the serum of HIV positive patients in relation to the CD4 cell number. The titres of IgG antibodies to EBV and the prevalence of IgG to CMV were significantly higher in HIV positive patients compared to control high risk HIV negative subjects. In HIV infected patients, anti-VCA IgG antibodies increased and anti-EBNA IgG antibodies decreased progressively in relation to the decline of CD4 cell number whereas anti-CMV IgG antibodies did not varied significantly at the same time. Anti-VCA IgA and anti-EA IgG antibodies were found uncommonly and with low titres. IgA antibodies to EA and CMV were not detected in any patient. The variations in EBV antibody response that we describe in HIV infection were previously reported in other immunodeficiency states and could be distinctive of these diseases.
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PMID:Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus in relation to CD4 cell number in human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection. 134 40

Certain immunological parameters (i.e. low CD4+ T cell numbers, high serum soluble CD8) have been described as prognostic factors for the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to later clinical stages. In the present study we have found in one hundred HIV-infected Spanish patients (81% drug abusers, 7% homosexuals, 6% heterosexuals, and 6% other or unknown risk groups) that CD11b+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells are increased in those with persistent lymphadenopathy as compared to other clinical stages (asymptomatic, AIDS-related complex and AIDS). Serum IgA was significantly increased in AIDS patients, and in patients at any other clinical stage who had concomitant infections (mainly mycobacterial and fungal). CD11b (an integrin with complement receptor functions) may thus be of clinical interest for the staging of HIV-infected patients, and reflect stage-selective immunological changes in mononuclear cell biology during HIV infection. High IgA on the other hand, would be a marker of concomitant infection as well as of disease progression. The results concern mostly drug addicts (the main risk group in Spain), but may apply to the other risk groups because no significant differences were detected between drug addicts (n = 81) and non-drug addicts (n = 19) for the studied variables (p greater than 0.05).
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PMID:CD11b-bearing mononuclear leucocytes and IgA levels in the staging of human immunodeficiency virus infection. 134 66


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