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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An attempt was made to evaluate the humoral and cellular immune status of preterm and small for dates babies born at All India Institute of Medical Sciences Hospital. The study sample included 24 term small-for-dates babies and 12 preterm babies (gestation of less than 37 weeks) and 20 term appropriate-for-dates babies who served as controls. The small-for-dates babies were subdivided into the following 2 subgroups on the basis of severity of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR): mild IUGR -- babies weighing between 3rd and 10th percentile for their gestation; and severe IUGR -- babies weighing less than 2 S.D. or 3rd percentile for their gestation. The levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG), M (IgM), and A (IgA) were determined in the cord blood using the single radical diffusion technique. The B-lymphocytes were identified and counted by the surface membrane immunoglobulin (SmIg) using immunofluorescence technique. The cellular immune response was assessed by counting T-lymphocytes by E-rosette technique employing sheep red blood cells. The neonates with severe IUGR and preterm babies had significantly lower levels of IgG. The levels of IgM and IgA did not differ significantly in the 4 groups. The preterm babies had significantly higher percentage of B-lymphocytes though the absolute count was not significantly different from normal newborn babies. The absolute count B cells was significantly low in babies with severe IUGR. The babies with severe IUGR had significantly low absolute and percentage count of E-rosette forming cells as compared to normal newborn babies. The findings suggest that low birth weight babies with severe IUGR are at a greater risk to develop bacterial infection due to deficiency of both humoral and cellular immune host defenses. In contrast, preterm babies are immunologically competent though passively transferred maternal IgG levels are low. It is desirable to study the duration of immunodeficiency caused by severe IUGR and its reversibility on nutritional rehabilitation. In view of the wide prevalence of IUGR in India it is possible that inadequacy of cell mediated immune response in these infants may be associated with poor "takes" following at birth BCG and small pox vaccinations. The vaccination schedule may have to be modified depending upon the duration of immunodeficiency in babies with IUGR.
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PMID:Immune status of low birth weight babies. 56 31

A six-year old boy who had suffered from the age of two with chronic diarrhea has been found to be severely retarded in statural growth. Examinations discovered marked lymphopenia with a T lymphocyte defect accompanied by absent IgA and IgE. In contrast with other cases described in literature, in this case the immunodeficiency was not accompanied by bone or cartilage alterations. The only factor apparently responsible for his lack of growth was the malabsorption.
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PMID:Harmonic dwarfism, lymphopenia, deficit of IgA and IgE in a 6-year old boy. 61 Apr 13

Two cases of immunodeficiency with increased IgM are reported. Patient 1 was a black male 3.5 years old who had recurrent pyogenic infections, failure to thrive, oral thrush, and systemic cryptococcal infection. Patient 2 was a 9-year-old white female who had recurrent cervical abscesses. Serum immunoglobulin determinations by radial immunodiffusion in both patients showed marked depression of IgG and IgA and marked elevation of IgM. A low molecular weight circulating monomeric IgM was demonstrated by immunoelectrophoresis and gel filtration in the second patient; this was not present in the first case. In vitro impairment of cellular immunity was observed in both patients. Administration of dialyzable leukocyte extracts (transfer factor) led to improvement of cell-mediated immunity in patient 1. The etiology of this syndrome apparently has several different genetic bases. These patients demonstrate heterogeneity in genetic, ethnic, immunologic, and other features of the syndrome.
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PMID:X-linked immunodeficiency with increased IgM: clinical, ethnic, and immunologic heterogeneity. 72 95

In a case of laevocardia, bronchiectasis, and paranasal sinus abnormalities, assessment on 2 occasions showed the presence of moderate immunodeficiency. Serum concentrations of IgG and IgM were low, and serum and salivary IgA was not detected. T-lymphocytes were reduced in number and cell-mediated immunity in vivo and in vitro was impaired. Opsonisation, complement system, and neutrophil functions were normal.
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PMID:Immunodeficiency associated with laevocardia, bronchiectasis, and paranasal sinus anomalies. 72 96

Serum specimens from 12 sick and 20 normal horses were examined for levels of different classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) by a single radial immunodiffusion. The level of IgA in the sera of sick horses was about 50% lower than in the sera of normal horses. By contrast, the level of serum IgG was higher in sick than in normal horses. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responsiveness of blood lymphocytes showed transient suppression during the stage of severe diarrhea. The regaining of PHA responsiveness of lymphocytes was observed simultaneously with the recovery process. However, the responsiveness of lymphocytes in recovered horses was still markedly lower than in normal horses. Allergic reactions in sick and normal horses were studied by observing dermal response to the injections of saline extracts from some of the horse feeds. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to streptokinase-streptodornase and PHA was also studied. The allergic reactions to these extracts were not induced in either sick or normal horses; however, inflammatory response to the extracts was about 50% greater in normal than sick horses. Response to the intradermal injection, either streptokinase-streptodornase or PHA, was significantly greater in normal horses than sick horses. These findings are discussed with respect to the pathogenesis of chronic diarrhea and the complexity of immunodeficiency demonstrated in this disease. The possibility that transient defects of cell-mediated immunity may predispose to chronic diarrhea is proposed.
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PMID:Serum immunoglobulin, dermal response, and lymphocyte transformation studies in horses with chronic diarrhea. 80 35

Selective absence of serum and secretory IgA is probably the most common form of human immunodeficiency. High frequencies of recurrent sinusitis, otitis media, pneumonia, and atopy were noted among a group of 75 such patients, all but 4 of whom were Caucasian. Seven instances of familial absence of IgA were detected among 106 relatives of 34 of the group; in 1 family 1 member from each of 3 successive generations was affected. Two IgA-deficient children were later found to have normal amounts of serum IgA. Despite their humoral deficit, B lymphocytes bearing surface IgA were detected in 9/9 IgA-deficient patients in immunofluorescence studies of their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Although in vitro lymphocyte responses to 2 putative T-cell mitogens and to allogenic cells were normal, results of spontaneous rosette formation studies with sheep erythrocytes raise the possibility of a lymphocyte subpopulation deficit in this condition.
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PMID:Clinical and immunologic features of selective IgA deficiency. 80 70

Nude mice have poorly developed Peyer's patches with very small or no germinal centers and little lymphoid cell proliferation, and a marked decrease in the number of gut-IgA plasma cells. Thymus grafts, which restore the T lymphocyte population of their lymphoid organs to nearly normal levels, lead to a considerable development of the Peyer's patches and of their germinal centers, assocaited with a considerable increase in gut IgA plasma cells, and in the serum IgA level. These findings are consistent with the postulated relationship between the Peyer's patches germinal center cells and the gut IgA plasma cells, and might help to explain the association of thymic defects, low serum IgA, and lack of intestinal IgA plasma cells observed in some immunodeficiency syndromes of man. Nude mice also have marked decrease in the number of lymphocytes present within the intestinal epithelium. These intraepithelial lymphocytes lymphocytes, which have been shown to be of T nature, are restored to normal numbers after thymus grafting.
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PMID:Peyer's patches, gut IgA plasma cells and thymic function: study in nude mice bearing thymic grafts. 80 33

Twelve patients suffering from ataxia telangiectasia and relatives of three of them were studied. A late diagnosis prevailed and the neurological symptoms in some turned worse after suffering recognizable viral infections. The cellular and humoral immunodeficiencies were evaluated in each case as well as the simultaneous presence of hyperimmunoglobulinemia and/or auto-antibodies. Among the relatives, there were frequent cases of immunological and neoplastic alterations; cellular immunodeficiency was not detected. Five cases showed lung disease; four with absence of IgA, and histologic interstitial lesion detected in three of them. The hypothesis that the defect of cell immunity predisposes mulisysthemic disease and that an early diagnosis with immune reconstructive treatment can modify the evolution of the disease was considered.
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PMID:[Ataxia telangectasia. Probability of damaging immune mechanisms]. 83 20

A child with recurrent infections is presented. The frequent diarrhea leads to a severe malnutrition. The immunological work-up disclosed: absent IgA and low IgG serum levels, deficient cellular immunity and abnormal neutrophil chemotaxis. The cellular immunity and the neutrophil chemotaxis were improved with the nutritional status. At present the patient shows a partial combined immunodeficiency. The diagnosis of the case as a Nezelof's syndrome is discussed, as well as the addition of a secondary immunodeficiency caused by the recurrent infections and the malnutrition.
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PMID:[Nezelof syndrome with secondary immunodeficiency (author's transl)]. 84 73

A young woman presented a mixed congenital and familial immunodeficiency syndrome consisting in an absence of IgA and lowered levels of IgG and IgM, with a defect in cellular immunity. She had a mild malabsorption syndrome with slight alterations of the jejunal mucosa. Non-caseating tuberculoid granulomata were found in skin lesions, in lymph nodes and in the spleen. At age 27 the patient died of a neurological disease of 4 months duration. Autopsy revealed a very widespread demyelinating process involving mainly the right cerebellar hemisphere but also most of the pons and left cerebellum, with the typical morphologic characters of PML. In the hemispheres lesions were limited to microscopical "microglial nodules" with discrete demyelination. A review of 86 published cases of PML revealed 9 other cases in which lesions showed a strong predilection for the subtentorial territories. This sampling allows for tha assumption that some 11% of the cases of PML have this particular lesion distribution. Other pertinent features of this case are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Observation with predominant pontocerebellar lesions and association with congenital immune deficiency]. 87 53


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