Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study sought to evaluate the rate of detecting asymptomatic bacteriuria and endocervical infections in the black prenatal patients attending King Edward VIII Hospital (KEH), Durban, with the view of justifying a screening program. Screening for syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were also evaluated. 181 Asymptomatic black prenatal patients volunteered for the study and gave their written consent during their 1st antenatal visit. Each examination included the obtaining of endocervical swabs to detect endocervical infections (C trachomatis. N gonorrheae), serum for syphilitic and HIV testing, and a midstream specimen of urine for microscopy and culture. Asymptomatic bacteriuria was found in 5.6% of the patients in this study. Cervical infections were diagnosed microbiologically in 8.2% of the women: 4.1% with N gonorrheae and 4.7% with C trachomatis. Serological tests for sexually transmitted diseases showed the presence of syphilis in 7.6% and antibody to HIV in 1.9%. Overall, 1 or more sexually transmitted diseases were found in 16.5% of the women studied. This study suggests that all women who present for routine antenatal care in a setting such as Durban should be screened for lower genital tract infections. Ideally, this should include a midstream urine specimen for culture, serum for syphilitic and HIV antibody testing, and endocervical swabs for sexually transmitted pathogens. In developing countries, however, more reliable and cheaper methods of endocervical screening are necessary before antenatal screening for cervicovaginal infections can be justified.
 ...
PMID:Urogenital tract infections in pregnancy at King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa. 154 10

The prevalence, clinical manifestations and serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV) infections were studied in 117 Israeli hemophiliacs. Positive serological markers for HBV infection (HB surface antigen, antibody to HB surface antigen or antibody to HB core antigen) were more common in patients treated with non heat-treated F-VIII concentrates (NHTC) than with cryoprecipitate (48/49 vs. 23/29, P less than 0.05), and in patients treated with greater than 10,000 factor units/year (90% vs. 62%, P less than 0.05). Of the 117 patients, 55% were HIV negative, 29% had asymptomatic HIV seropositivity and 16% had symptomatic HIV infection (lymphadenopathy syndrome, AIDS-related complex or AIDS). HIVB seropositivity was more common in patients treated with NHTC than in those treated with cryoprecipitate (83% vs. 11%, P less than 0.001), and in patients treated with greater than 100,000 compared to less than 10,000 F-VIII units/year (70% vs. 15%, P less than 0.001). Hypergammaglobulinemia correlated with HIV seropositivity, alanine aminotransferase levels and type and amount of concentrate therapy. Of 50 HIV-seropositive patients, 40 (98%) had serological markers of HBV infection compared with only 40 of 52 HIV-negative patients (77%) (P less than 0.01). Symptomatic HIV infection was more common in patients with a positive history of jaundice, 7 of 18 (38%) compared with 12 of 99 (12%) (P less than 0.005). These findings suggest that HBV and HIV infections are less prevalent in cryoprecipitate-treated patients, and that HBV seropositivity is a predictor of HIV seropositivity in hemophiliacs.
 ...
PMID:The prevalence and interaction of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infections in Israeli hemophiliacs. 195 12

A total of 81 cell clones persistently infected with the LAV-1 or HTLV-IIIB strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was isolated from cells which were obtained by serial passage of some proliferating MT-4 cells after a drastic cytolysis of most cells by HIV-1-infection. These cell clones were classified into 8 types (I to VIII) in terms of the expression of HIV-1 antigens, syncytium formation capacity, and reverse transcriptase activity and infectivity of virus particles in the culture fluid. Type I cell clones were producers of infectious HIV-1 particles, while types II to VIII cell clones did not produce infectious HIV-1 or were producers of uninfectious defective HIV-1 particles. Immunoprecipitation followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that the gag precursor protein in L-2 cell clone (type IV) was not cleaved to mature gag proteins, while the env precursor protein on L-3 cell clone (type III) was not cleaved to mature env protein. H-7 cell clone (type VIII) did not express any HIV-1 antigen. All these cell clones after the superinfection with infectious HIV-1 synthesized intact gag and env proteins, which were, at least in part, related to the HIV-1 genome persistently present in the cell clones before the superinfection, resulting in production of infectious HIV-1. For example, it was found that L-2 cell clone contained a single copy of the LAV-1 genome per haploid cell and produced doughnut-shaped particles. On the other hand, the cell clone isolated from the L-2 cell clone superinfected with infectious HTLV-IIIB contained the integrated HTLV-IIIB genome in addition to the LAV-1 genome present before the superinfection, and produced intact HIV-1 particles in addition to doughnut-shaped particles from a single cell. These results indicate that complementation and/or genetic recombination events in the superinfected cells may account for the production of infectious intact HIV-1 virions.
 ...
PMID:Production of infectious particles from defective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-producing cell clones by superinfection with infectious HIV-1. 200 Nov 75

We evaluated those members of a cohort of 203 hemophilic men providing all necessary information at their 1984 and 1985 evaluations, to determine whether non-heated or less than 80 degrees C dry heat-treated partially purified factor products were associated with 1) the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons or 2) abnormal immune test results in participants seroconverting or remaining HIV seronegative. We found no relationship between type of factor (VIII vs. IX) (n = 162), frequency of usage (greater than or equal to once a week vs. less than once a week) (n = 141) or yearly doses of non-heated or dry heat-treated partially purified factor (n = 118) and the development of AIDS. Seroconverting participants using partially purified factor products greater than or equal to once a week in 1984 had lower T-helper cell numbers in 1985 than those receiving factor less frequently (median 515 vs. 772/mm3, n = 9), as did those using factor greater than or equal to once a week in 1985 (median 515 vs. 726/mm3, n = 10). A similar relation was seen between 1984 frequency and 1985 T-helper cell numbers of seronegative participants (median 741 vs. 1037/mm3, n = 31). The yearly dose of heat-treated products was not associated with any immune test result or changes in results between years. These findings suggested that frequency of administration of partially purified factor materials may have had an effect upon the immune system, but that total yearly dose did not. Previously used partly purified, dry heat-treated factor concentrates were not associated with the development of AIDS.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of partially purified factor concentrates to immune tests and AIDS. The Hemophilia-AIDS. Collaborative Study Group. 211 85

The treatment of plasma with organic solvent/detergent mixtures at the time of plasma collection or pooling could reduce the exposure of technical staff to infectious viruses and enhance the viral safety of the final product. Treatment of plasma for 4 hours with 2-percent tri(n-butyl)phosphate (TNBP) at 37 degrees C, with 1-percent TNBP and 1-percent polyoxyethylensorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) at 30 degrees C, or with 1-percent TNBP and 1-percent polyoxyethylene ethers, (Triton X-45) at 30 degrees C resulted in the rapid and complete inactivation of greater than or equal to 10(4) tissue culture-infectious doses (TCID50) of vesicular stomatitis and Sindbis viruses, which are used as surrogates. Treatment of plasma with TNBP and TNBP and Tween-80 was shown to inactivate greater than or equal to 10(4) TCID50 of human immunodeficiency virus. TNBP treatment of plasma contaminated with 10(6) chimpanzee-infectious doses (CID50) of hepatitis B virus and 10(5) CID50 of non-A,non-B hepatitis virus prevented the transmission of hepatitis to chimpanzees. Immediately after treatment of plasma with 2-percent TNBP, the recovery of factors VIII, IX, and V and antithrombin III was 80, 90, 40, and 100 percent, respectively. Recovery of all factors was greater than or equal to 90 percent after treatment with TNBP and detergent mixtures. Treated plasma was fractionated by standard techniques into antihemophilic factor and prothrombin complex concentrates, immune globulin, and albumin. Prior treatment with TNBP or TNBP and detergent did not affect the separations of desired proteins. Therefore, it appears possible to inactivate viruses in plasma before the execution of standard fractionation procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The use of tri(n-butyl)phosphate detergent mixtures to inactivate hepatitis viruses and human immunodeficiency virus in plasma and plasma's subsequent fractionation. 175 94

This study was established to examine the longitudinal consequences of F VIII therapy on immune function in 24 patients with haemophilia A. Antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were found in 15 of 16 patients with severe haemophilia and in 2 of 8 patients with mild disease. The principal clinical and immunological abnormalities were restricted to the HIV antibody-positive patients: T helper cell lymphopenia (less than 0.55 x 10(9)/l) in 10 patients, persistent glandular lymphadenopathy in 4 patients and depressed response to skin recall antigens in 7 of 9 HIV-positive patients tested. Although no extension of these immunological and clinical abnormalities developed in the 18-month period of monitoring, T helper cell counts and platelet counts were significantly lower in a group of patients with established long duration HIV seropositivity (since 1982/1983) in comparison with the remaining seropositive patients. This suggests that a progressive pathological process is associated with infection by this virus, but the factors which determine the long-term sequelae are still unknown.
 ...
PMID:Relationship of clinical and immunological abnormalities in haemophilia A to F VIII therapy and HIV exposure: a longitudinal study. 296 54

We compared recipients of eight lots of factors VIII and IX voluntarily withdrawn from distribution because one donor was known to have subsequently developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a nonexposed cohort matched by age, sex, and factor use. The factor VIII recipient cohorts did not differ in prevalence of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (exposed, 75%; nonexposed, 86%), T-cell subset numbers (median: exposed, 619 T-helper cells per cubic millimeter; nonexposed, 659 T-helper cells per cubic millimeter), T-helper to T-suppressor ratios, or immunoglobulin levels. Exposed individuals had higher levels of immune complexes by C1q binding and staphylococcal binding assays and lower responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. However, only the staphylococcal binding assay values were outside the normal range for our laboratory. Factor IX recipient cohorts did not differ in HIV antibody prevalence (exposed, 30%; nonexposed, 40%) or any immune tests. Although exposed and nonexposed individuals did not differ from each other in a clinically meaningful fashion at initial testing, both the exposed and nonexposed cohorts had high rates of HIV seroprevalence. Market withdrawals were clearly insufficient means of limiting the spread of HIV in hemophilic patients; however, the currently available methods of donor screening and viral inactivation of blood products will prevent continued exposure within this population.
 ...
PMID:Effects of exposure to factor concentrates containing donations from identified AIDS patients. A matched cohort study. 301 5

Four patients with hemophilia A have undergone liver transplantation in our institution, three successfully. The first was a 21-year-old man with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) in whom the effects of previous abdominal operations prevented the satisfactory technical insertion of the new liver. He died intraoperatively. The second patient was a 15-year-old boy with CAH who began to synthesize factor VIII coagulant activity (F VIII:C) within 18 hours of successful liver transplantation and has continued to do so for almost 2 years (F VIII:C range 0.89 to 3.20 U/mL). The first 2 months of his postoperative course were complicated by infections, but since that time he has done well and has returned to school. The third patient was a 48-year-old man with portal fibrosis and severe ascites. He synthesized F VIII:C (range 0.96 to 1.50 U/mL) within six hours after reestablishment of circulation through the new liver. His postoperative course was complicated by numerous infections, and he died with sepsis and an acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome 4 months after transplantation. The fourth patient was a 47-year-old mild hemophiliac with CAH who produced adequate factor VIII:C levels following transplantation (range 0.79 to 2.80 U/mL). These patients demonstrate that liver transplantation in hemophiliacs with end-stage liver disease may be lifesaving and results in correction of the F VIII:C deficiency and associated hemorrhagic tendency.
 ...
PMID:Liver transplantation in hemophilia A. 1947 Apr 40

Up to 30% of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) suffer from Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The histogenesis and neoplastic nature of this tumor is still controversial. We have established cell cultures of KS biopsies from 7 patients with AIDS. All donors were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus I (HIV-I), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The tumors were histologically shown to be KS. Cell cultures derived from these tumors all expressed the endothelial cell marker BMA 120 antigen. Most of these cultures were positive for acetylated low-density lipoprotein (acLDL) uptake and alkaline phosphatase (AP) expression, and negative for factor-VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg). The staining pattern was heterogeneous with respect to number of endothelial cell markers expressed in each culture. We conclude from subcloning experiments that the cultured cells cease to express acLDL receptor and AP, but not the antigen detected by the monoclonal antibody (MAb) BMA 120. The cells grew well in culture up to 50 passages and showed a fibroblast-like morphology. Assays performed to investigate their degree of malignancy revealed a significantly increased passage number under reduced serum conditions as compared to normal fibroblasts but no tumor formation in nude mice. Neither HIV, HBV nor CMV sequences were found in any of the cell lines tested. We conclude that AIDS-KS is an endothelial-cell-derived neoplasm of low malignancy and that HIV, HBV and CMV are not directly involved in its genesis.
 ...
PMID:Cultured, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma cells express endothelial cell markers and are weakly malignant in vitro. 314 Dec 99

A major haemophiliac A, 27 years old, has been treated during 30 months, with high dosage of imported Factor VIII, in order to reduce the titer of a F VIII antibody. A good clinical result has been obtained. No sign of immunodeficiency has been observed. Normal values were obtained for T4/T8, ratio B2 microglobulin and no antibody was detected against the LAV virus isolated from cases of AIDS.
 ...
PMID:[Immunological study of a hemophiliac treated according to the Bonn protocol for 2 1/2 years]. 643 69


1 2 3 4 Next >>