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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have determined the percentages and absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations in 49 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVI). In vitro production of IL-6 by PHA-stimulated PBMC of 28 patients was also evaluated. Our data indicate profound alterations in the lymphocyte subpopulations evaluated, including increased CD8 cells (these cells outnumbered CD4 cells in 26 cases), severe defect of CD4 cells (< 400/mm3) in 10 cases and reduction of CD19 cells (< 50/mm3) in 11/41 cases. Increased production in vitro of IL-6 by PBMC of CVI patients does not correlate with the absolute numbers of lymphocytes, lymphocyte subpopulations, or monocytes. In addition, IL-6 was unable to significantly modify the amount of PWM-driven IgM production by CVI cells.
Immunodeficiency 1993
PMID:Abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations in CVI do not correlate with increased production of IL-6. 790 78

Cellular immunity was assayed in 58 esophageal cancer patients with family history of esophageal cancer, 23 patients' first degree relative, 20 esophageal patients with family history of other malignant tumours. 114 esophageal cancer patients without cancer family history and 30 normal subjects were taken as control. The results showed that skin delayed hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction and lymphocyte response to PHA were significantly lower in patients with cancer family history than those without. The DTH reaction, lymphocyte response to PHA and IL-2, NK activity were also remarkably depressed in their first degree relatives, when compared with normal controls. These results indicate that familial immunodeficiency might be one of factors of familial aggregation of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[Immunocompetence of esophageal cancer patients with familial cancer history and their relatives]. 795 93

The immunodeficiency that occurs after human bone marrow transplantation (BMT) leaves BMT recipients susceptible to fatal infections. Although cytokines are critical for coordinating immune responses and immune reconstitution after BMT, there are still gaps in our knowledge about the expression of mRNA for cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after BMT. Therefore, we systematically studied cytokine gene expression by PBMC from 11 allogeneic and four autologous BMT recipients from 111 to 837 days after BMT and compared the results with PBMC from seven normal controls tested in parallel. PBMC were examined for mRNA expression for IL-2r alpha, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-7 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR). PBMC from 11 allogeneic recipients constitutively expressed mRNA for IL-2r alpha in 2 of 11 and IL-2 in 1 of 9 samples tested whereas the same PBMC constitutively expressed mRNA for IL-3 in 8 of 11, IL-4 in 3 of 7, IL-6 in 6 of 7 and IL-7 in 3 of 6 samples tested. After PHA/PMA stimulation, PBMC from the same recipients frequently expressed mRNA for IL-2r alpha in 9 of 11, IL-2 in 8 of 9, IL-4 in 3 of 7 and IL-6 in 7 of 7. PBMC from four autologous recipients (two short-term and two long-term) frequently constitutively expressed mRNA for IL-2r alpha (3 of 4) IL-2 (3 of 4), and IL-3 (4 of 4). Stimulation of PBMC from the autologous recipients did not alter cytokine expression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Constitutive and mitogen-stimulated cytokine mRNA expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from most autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients is intact. 820 88

The prevalence of H. pylori associated gastritis seems to be different in HIV positive and HIV negative patients. Therefore a correlation to immunodeficiency can be postulated. The histology of gastritis, status of H. pylori infection and parameters of humoral and cellular immune response were investigated in 41 HIV positive and 47 HIV negative patients, who were subjected to upper endoscopy for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms. In HIV positive patients 37% had active chronic gastritis against 62% of the HIV negative patients. In 73% of HIV positive cases of active chronic gastritis H. pylori was detected by bacteriological culture and/or Warthin-Starry stain. In HIV negative patients active chronic gastritis was always associated to H. pylori infection. Production of antibodies as measured by two commercially available ELISA tests was significant in HIV positive and HIV negative patients; both tests correlated well with H. pylori detection by culture or direct microscopy. Immunoglobulin class specific immunoblots corresponded to the ELISA results in HIV negative patients but to a lesser extent in the HIV positive group which was assumed to be related to unspecific polyclonal activation in these patients. Systemic cellular immunity was investigated by proliferation assays of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Proliferative response to the unspecific mitogen PHA was reduced in HIV positive patients. A sonicated H. pylori antigen failed to induce lymphocyte proliferation. The antimitogenic effect was also seen in case of coincubation with PHA. This observation was independent of H. pylori and HIV infection status. We conclude that in HIV positive as in HIV negative patients active chronic gastritis is predominantly related to H. pylori infection. The prevalence of H. pylori associated gastritis in HIV positive patients is significantly reduced (p < 0.025) compared to HIV negative controls. Decreased susceptibility to H. pylori infection in HIV positive patients may not be explained by the abnormal reactivity of their humoral or cellular immune response.
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PMID:Humoral and cellular immunity in HIV positive and HIV negative Helicobacter pylori infected patients. 828 Sep 41

A family of transcriptional activating proteins, the GATA factors, has been shown to bind to a consensus motif through a highly conserved C4 zinc finger DNA binding domain. One member of this multigene family, GATA-3, is most abundantly expressed in T lymphocytes, a cellular target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and replication. In vitro DNase I footprinting analysis revealed six hGATA-3 binding sites in the U3 region (the transcriptional regulatory domain) of the HIV-1 LTR. Cotransfection of an hGATA-3 expression plasmid with a reporter plasmid whose transcription is directed by the HIV-1 LTR resulted in 6- to 10-fold stimulation of LTR-mediated transcription, whereas site specific mutation of these GATA sites resulted in virtual abrogation of the activation by hGATA-3. Further, deletion of the hGATA-3 transcriptional activation domain abolished GATA-dependent HIV-1 trans-activation, showing that the stimulation of viral transcription observed is a direct effect of cotransfected hGATA-3. Introduction of the HIV-1 plasmids in which the GATA sites have been mutated into human T lymphocytes also caused a significant reduction in LTR-mediated transcription at both the basal level and in (PHA- plus PMA-) stimulated T cells. These observations suggest that in addition to its normal role in T lymphocyte gene regulation, hGATA-3 may also play a significant role in HIV-1 transcriptional activation.
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PMID:Human T cell transcription factor GATA-3 stimulates HIV-1 expression. 833 92

Immunological reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man is characterized by a decreased lymphocyte transformation response to various mitogens and antigens during a period of from months to years. One reason for the decreased proliferative capability could be an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio; however, the present investigation demonstrates that this is not the only explanation for the immunodeficiency, since the CD4 as well as the CD8 subset, when studied in isolation, have qualitative defects, as evidenced by a reduced response of both subsets to stimulation with PHA, anti-CD2 and anti-CD3 MABs. The reason for the qualitative defect is unknown but a distorted composition of the CD4+ as well as the CD8+ T-cell subsets is suggested by the present investigations. We also observed that the PHA response was almost completely reconstituted one year after BMT, while the PWM response was still severely affected. The present study suggests that T-cell subsets which differ in their capacity to respond to PHA and PWM have different kinetics of reconstitution after BMT.
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PMID:Defective T-cell stimulatory pathways in patients after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in man. 836 24

The expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is enhanced after cell activation because of the interaction of cell-encoded nuclear factors that interact with binding sites in the long terminal repeats (LTRs). Here we studied the contribution of cell type-specific activation signals to differences in cytotropism of HIV-1 variants. Four closely related molecular HIV-1 clones with distinct biological phenotypes and different capacities to replicate in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) or T cell lines were used. Sequence analysis of these LTRs revealed variation in functionally important regions. Adaptation of virus variants to particular host cells by differences in LTR responsiveness was analyzed. LTR-CAT constructs were transiently transfected in T cells that were stimulated with T cell-specific activation signals such as combinations of anti-CD3 or anti-CD28 MoAB or in primary monocytes that were stimulated with IL-3, IL-4, or GM-CSF. No differences in responsiveness to cell type-specific signals were demonstrated. To further elucidate the level of restriction in cell tropism, transfection of four full-length infectious molecular HIV-1 clones into 5-day cultured MDMs was performed. From all clones, competent virus could be rescued from MDMs by coculture with PHA-stimulated PBLs. However, following cell-free inoculation, proviral DNA could be detected by PCR analysis only in monocytes exposed to HIV-1 clones that previously were shown to establish productive infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Early replication steps but not cell type-specific signalling of the viral long terminal repeat determine HIV-1 monocytotropism. 836 71

The development of effective therapies for the treatment of AIDS would be facilitated by a better understanding of HIV pathogenesis in vivo. While some aspects of pathogenesis may be assessed by standard tissue culture assays, in vivo animal models may provide clues to other aspects of HIV-mediated progression toward AIDS. Current animal models include primate models for the study of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and HIV, SCID-hu and hu-PBL SCID mouse models for the study of HIV, and feline models for the study of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). In general these models are costly and labor intensive. We have developed a simple human fetal thymic organ culture (TOC) system that is permissive for HIV infection and that exhibits pathology similar to that observed in vivo. A key feature of this system is the time-dependent destruction of thymocytes typified by the preferential loss of CD4-expressing cells. HIV-mediated thymocyte destruction occurs by a process involving programmed cell death. We have infected TOC with a panel of HIV isolates and found that the resulting viral replicative and pathogenic profiles are similar to those seen in the SCID-hu Thy/Liv mouse, yet different from profiles observed in standard PHA-blast tissue culture assays. In addition, we find that TOC may be used to assess efficacy of antiviral agents such as AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) and ddI (2',3'-dideoxyinosine) in blocking both viral replication and virus-induced pathology. These results indicate that this model is amenable to the systematic manipulation, analysis, and characterization of a variety of HIV virus isolates and antiviral therapies.
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PMID:Development of a human thymic organ culture model for the study of HIV pathogenesis. 855 4

We determined the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) activities of various dideoxy-nucleoside analogs by using phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA-PBMs) and resting PBMs (R-PBMs) as target cells. The comparative order of anti-HIV-1 activity in PHA-PBMs was azidothymidine (AZT) > dideoxycytidine (ddC) > dideoxythymidinene (d4T) > dideoxyinosine (ddI) and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) > 2'-beta-fluoro-dideoxyadenosine (F-ara-ddA), while that in R-PBMs was ddC > ddI, PMEA, and F-ara-ddA, >> AZT and d4T. A pronucleotide, bis-(S-acetylthioethanol)phosphotriester-ddAMP, which bypasses the anabolic monophosphorylation step for the intracellular delivery of ddAMP, was highly active both in PHA-PBMs and R-PBMs. These data may have basic and clinical relevance in the design of anti-HIV chemotherapy, particularly combination chemotherapy with dideoxynucleosides, and in the development of active pronucleotides.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activities of dideoxynucleoside analogs in resting and activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. 858 44

KNI-272, a conformationally constrained human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitor containing a P1 allophenylnorstatine (Apns) ((2S,3S)- 3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyric acid), has been shown to be a selective and potent inhibitor of the replication of a wide spectrum of HIV strains in vitro. When KNI-272 was tested in combination with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) or 2',3'-dideoxyinosine (ddI) against a primary HIV-1 isolate in phytohemagglutin-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PHA-PBM), its activity was identified to be additive, but not synergistic or antagonistic, as analyzed with the COMBO program package. When tested alone for anti-HIV-1 activity in resting PBM (R-PBM) and PHA-PBM, KNI-272 was found to be comparably potent against the virus in both target cell populations, whereas AZT was more potent in PHA-PBM than in R-PBM and ddI was more potent in R-PBM. These data suggest a potential clinical application of KNI-272 and its analogs.
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PMID:In vitro anti-HIV-1 activity of HIV protease inhibitor KNI-272 in resting and activated cells: implications for its combined use with AZT or ddI. 858 58


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