Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The possible differences in lipid composition between human immunodeficiency virus- (HIV) infected and uninfected PHA-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been studied. The total fatty acid composition was similar, except for the proportion of arachidonic acid, that was slightly higher in infected than in noninfected cells. No significant differences were obtained in the incorporation of radiolabeled stearic or oleic acids in the different lipid classes. The staining of cells with Nile Red showed similar amounts of intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. On the contrary, the CH/PL ratio, the major factor in determining cell membrane fluidity, was clearly higher in infected than in uninfected cells (0.60 and 0.36, respectively). This fact is discussed in relation with the known high CH/PL ratio (0.95) of the lipid envelope of HIV.
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PMID:Changes in lipid composition of human peripheral blood lymphocytes infected by HIV. 174 83

We have previously reported the identification of highly conserved homologous regions located in the carboxy terminus of the HIV 1 gp41 (aa 837-844), and the amino-terminal of the beta chain of all human HLA class II antigens (aa 19-25). Murine monoclonal antibodies raised against synthetic peptides from these homologous regions bound not only to the isolated peptides, but also to "native" HLA class II molecules on cells. Screening of sera from HIV 1 infected individuals revealed high frequency of sera (35%) containing anti-class II crossreactive antibodies (CRAb), not only in AIDS patients, but also in early, asymptomatic patients. The CRAb containing sera caused potent inhibition of normal CD4-bearing cells' proliferative responses to tetanus toxoid in vitro. They could also kill class II bearing cells by ADCC. The possible contribution of these antibodies to the establishment of immunodeficiency state in HIV 1 infected individuals and/or to disease progression, was examined in two clinical studies: I. Asymptomatic patients were tested in parallel for their PBL responses to flu/tetanus, HLA alloantigens, and PHA (proliferation and IL2 production), and for the presence of anti-class II CRAb. About 50% of these patients showed a selective loss of their in vitro responses to recall antigens (flu/tetanus), which depend on CD4+ cells, while still responding to PHA and ALLO. Interestingly, positive correlation was found (P less than 0.001) between patients' lack of responsiveness to flu/tetanus and the presence in their sera of anti-class II CRAb. II. Retrospective study of HIV 1-infected hemophiliacs, suggest that patients with high titers of CRAb early in the disease progressed faster to full blown disease.
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PMID:Common sequence in HIV 1 GP41 and HLA class II beta chains can generate crossreactive autoantibodies with immunosuppressive potential early in the course of HIV 1 infection. 180 76

The mechanisms underlying abnormal T-cell function in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) are unknown. We have studied B-CLL T-cell activation pathways in the rigorous absence of leukemic cells and with controlled numbers of accessory cells present. The responsiveness to added recombinant IL-1 and IL-2 was assessed. We have found that under optimal culture conditions B-CLL T cells had a normal PHA-induced proliferative response in terms of incorporated 3H-thymidine per T cell. Also the capacity of mitomycin-C treated B-CLL monocytes to support autologous T-cell mitogenesis was normal. However, a subtle difference between normal and B-CLL T cells emerged with respect to cytokine responsiveness. While the PHA response of purified normal T cells in the absence of monocytes was augmented by rIL-1, this could not be demonstrated for B-CLL T cells. A much greater degree of augmentation occurred with added rIL-2 in the case of both normal and B-CLL T cells. In the presence of 20% autologous monocytes rIL-1 and rIL-2 had no effect on mitogenesis. We conclude that B-CLL T cells have an abnormal profile of cytokine responsiveness which is consistent with observed abnormalities of subset distribution, and which may contribute to the clinical immunodeficiency in B-CLL.
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PMID:T-lymphocyte response to cytokines in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 192 61

"Natural" cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC), spontaneous release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by mononuclear cells in vitro and PHA-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production were examined by standard methods (confirmed by neutralization with monoclonal antibodies) in 14 female patients with marked weight loss due to anorexia nervosa (AN) and 16 matched healthy controls. We found a significant increase in TNF production in AN, as well as a depressed CMC and IFN-gamma production. Following successful refeeding and nutritional rehabilitation of the AN patients, all results normalized to levels similar to those of controls. Thus, undernutrition in AN is accompanied by changes in cytokines and defective "natural" cytotoxicity. The implications in vivo are unclear but our findings may reflect nutritional-related immunodeficiency in AN and moreover, the increased TNF-release may further suppress food intake and enhance tissue catabolism in anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:TNF, interferon-gamma and cell-mediated cytotoxicity in anorexia nervosa; effect of refeeding. 196 35

The aim of this study was to reveal the origin of interleukin cascade reaction disturbances in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). We investigated the influence of culture supernatant of epidermal keratinocytes from the skin of PV and BP patients on functional activity of donor peripheral blood mononuclears. It was found that epidermal keratinocyte culture supernatant in the acute phase of PV and BP decreased the ability of mononuclears to proliferate in response to PHA and Con A, secrete interleukin-1 and interleukin-2, and absorb an exogenous interleukin-2. Such inhibitory effect was far less pronounced in epidermal keratinocytes obtained from PV and BP patients at the remission stage. Epidermocytes from healthy subjects stimulated the immunocompetent cell activity. The results obtained indicate that epidermal keratinocytes in the acute phase of pemphigus and pemphigoid produce a putative soluble factor(s), which may be the origin of the immunodeficiency in PV and BP patients.
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PMID:Pemphigus and pemphigoid epidermocytes interfere with interleukin cascade reactions. 196 50

Gamma interferon (gamma-INF) production was studied and two-color fluorescence flow cytometry analysis was done on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. Gamma INF was not detected in any patients within a year after transplantation whether PBMC was stimulated with PHA or not. A year after transplantation, gamma-INF was produced in the normal level in the stimulated and unstimulated PBMC. The number of suppressor-inducer T cells (CD4+2H4+) was decreased and that of suppressor T cells (CD11+CD8+) was normal. The numbers of helper-inducer T cells (CD4+4B4+) and helper T cells (CD4+2H4-) were normal. The numbers of activated helper-inducer T cells (CD4+HLA-DR+) and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells (CD8+HLA-DR+) were elevated. In the NK cells, Leu7+ CD16-cells were elevated, whereas Leu7+CD16+ cells and Leu7-CD16+ cells were normal. Leu7+CD8+ cells were elevated. These results indicated immunodeficiency after transplantation.
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PMID:Gamma interferon production and two-color fluorescence flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipients. 210 21

A multicenter study was undertaken to determine the sensitivity and reproducibility of markers for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral growth and the effect of various preparations of lymphocytes on the sensitivity of standard and routinely used procedures for HIV-1 isolation. In phase 1, cocultivated culture supernatants obtained from 10 HIV-1 cultures were transported to three Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Virology Laboratories. Three commercial HIV-p24 antigen capture (AC) tests and two reverse transcriptase (RT) assays were used to ascertain the replication of HIV-1. The Du Pont and Abbott AC assays were found to be most sensitive (85-100%), and the RT assay with 24-h incubation period had comparable sensitivity (75-100%). In phase II, the sensitivity of standard cocultivation procedure for HIV-1 isolation was compared using freshly phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P)-stimulated, stimulated-frozen, and frozen-thawed and then stimulated normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as cocultivating cells. Blood samples from 13 HIV-1 infected individuals with various CD4+ cell counts were cocultivated in each of the three MACS laboratories using one of the aforementioned normal PBMCs. The PHA-P-stimulated fresh normal PBMC showed a maximum isolation rate of 100% (13 of 13) with an average of 8 days to positivity. This rate of isolation was significantly greater than other rates using any one of the other PBMC preparations. These findings demonstrated that the use of freshly PHA-P stimulated PBMCs maximized HIV-1 isolation from blood when a sensitive HIV-1 p24 AC assay or RT assay with overnight incubation is employed for the detection of HIV in culture supernatant.
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PMID:The effect of fresh lymphocytes on increased sensitivity of HIV-1 isolation: a multicenter study. 211 52

T cell lines with a novel phenotype (CD3+ TCR-alpha/beta+ CD4- CD8-) were developed from the peripheral blood of a patient with a combined immunodeficiency and tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease. One of these IL-2-dependent T cell lines demonstrated non-MHC-restricted cytolytic function against tumor targets, syngeneic and allogeneic fibroblasts, and PHA blasts from allogeneic donors. The other cell line only became cytotoxic in the presence of lectin or anti-CD3 antibody. The two cell lines also differed in their expression of the T-200 gene products CD45RO (gp180) and CD45RA (gp220). Both cell lines produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and -beta and IFN-gamma activity when activated with mitogens or PMA and IL-1. The in vitro functions of these T-cell lines suggest a potential role for alpha/beta double-negative T lymphocytes in tissue injury resembling graft-vs-host disease.
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PMID:Double-negative (CD4- CD8-) T cells with an alpha/beta T cell receptor. Non-MHC-restricted cytolytic activity and lymphokine production. 214 Oct 37

Both newborns and elderly adults suffer from physiological immunodeficiency. The molecular mechanisms responsible for this immunodeficiency are currently investigated by many laboratories. The aim of our investigations was to answer the question wether these immunodeficiencies could be influenced by bovine and/or human diacetyl-splenopentin, two newly developed immunostimulatory peptides. The in vitro effects of these peptides were studied using the lymphocyte transformation test and the detection of the immunoglobulin production (IgG, IgM) by lymphocytes. Thymopentin was used as standard for these investigations. The age dependence of lymphocyte sensitivity was estimated using cells of the following groups of blood donors: newborns (cord blood); young donors (20-30 yr); old donors (over 70 yr). All peptides were shown to have the same effects. The stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (PHA, anti-CD3) was inhibited in young donors and further increased in old donors. There was no influence in the case of newborns. The biological activity of human diacetyl-splenopentin was shown to be higher in comparison with bovine diacetyl-splenopentin.
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PMID:[Age-dependent sensitivity of human lymphocytes to the immunomodulating effect of bovine and human diacetyl splenopentin]. 215 3

Viral markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), immunoglobulins and complements, T-cell subpopulation antibodies (OKT series) and mitogen responses have been investigated in 68 multitransfused thalassemic patients and in 46 age-matched children. Results showed (1) 56 patients (82.4%) had been exposed to HBV; 29 patients (42.6%) had been exposed to CMV and none were HIV infection. (2) Increased IgG, IgA, OKIal, and decreased C3, OKT3, OKT4, OKT4/OTK8 ratio showed in patients as compared to controls. (3) An apparent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was seen in patients' cultures with or without mitogen (PHA and ConA) stimulation. (4) No definite factors such as sex, age at first transfusion, number of transfusions or HBsAg carrier status correlated with the abnormal change of immunological tests. (5) Immunological investigation, done on 2 occasions six months apart, revealed no significant modifications except that 13 patients (19%) who were initially seronegative for CMV converted to seropositive. These investigations suggest that, although saline-washed RBC was used for the transfused patients, there was high prevalence of HBV and CMV infection. Further studies of lymphocyte function (i.e. lymphokines) are needed to understand the increased spontaneous proliferation in culture and PHA, ConA mitogen responses.
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PMID:Immunologic and virologic status of multitransfused thalassemic patients. 216 12


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