Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 5 acquired-immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases without peripheral neuropathy, we observed myogen clinical signs (diffuse amyotrophy of lower limbs or cramps) or an isolated increase in seric enzyme (LDH, CK). EMG abnormalities were observed in all cases: spontaneous activities (fibrillations and positive sharp waves) in 5 cases, myogenic signs in 2 case. Muscular biopsies were normal in 3 cases and showed myopathic changes in 1 case and polymyositis in another case. Antidystrophin and antilaminin antibodies reactions were altered in 1 case. The spontaneous activities together with these modifications could be in favour of a lesion at the membrane level.
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PMID:[Electromyographic, histoenzymologic and immunocytochemical aspects of affected muscles in HIV infection. Observations of five cases]. 158 2

Increasing rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related tuberculosis have been noted and recently the clinical importance of the disease has been mentioned. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is more difficult in those patients with HIV seropositive than those with seronegative, because those with seropositive have atypical clinical features. A 29-year-old male, who was infected with HIV heterosexually in Central Africa in 1986, was admitted to our hospital with a history of general malaise and weight loss in April, 1989. Laboratory and physical examinations revealed anemia, thrombocytopenia, the elevation of LDH, and giant intraabdominal lymphadenopathies, suspecting malignant lymphoma. Mycobacterium was isolated from the sputa in April and was confirmed as M. tuberculosis using a DNA probe in May, 1989. Clinical symptoms including giant lymphadenopathies and laboratory abnormalities improved with antituberculosis therapy. Development of a rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculosis was warranted in this case.
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PMID:[A case of human-immunodeficiency virus infection related Mycobacterium tuberculosis with atypical clinical features]. 191 20

Bronchoalveolar lavage was used in 170 immunocompromised patients for detection of causative agents. Pneumocystis carinii was isolated 18 times from HIV-positive patients and 14 times from patients suffering from immunodeficiencies due to various other diseases. Patients with AIDS were in better clinical condition, had fewer infiltrates on chest x-ray, a higher oxygen partial pressure and lower LDH-plasma concentration than HIV-negative patients. In spite of the earlier stage of the disease patients with AIDS experience prodromal symptoms for a longer time and the number of isolated pneumocystis was larger. Mortality in AIDS patients was significantly lower than in patients with other causes of immunodeficiency.
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PMID:[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients]. 233 26

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed in 50 AIDS patients in this investigation. CSF analysis included: pressure, aspect, colour, cytology (cell number, cytomorphology, and lymphocyte subpopulations), proteins concentration and their electrophoretic distribution, chloride and glycosis concentration, GOT and LDH activity, immunology for cysticercosis, syphilis and toxoplasmosis, bacteriology, and mycological examinations (direct, cultures, Cryptococcus neoformans antigen test). Diagnostic changes were: lymphoma cells in one patient, cryptococcosis in 10, toxoplasmosis in 4, candidiasis in 1, and syphilis in 3. Cryptococcosis occurred in association with toxoplasmosis in one patient who developed syphilis in the follow-up; oligoclonal distribution of gamma globulins occurred in this case. In another case of cryptococcosis, candidiasis appeared during the course of the disease. Changes in the CSF composition observed are discussed in order to evaluate: aspects of CSF inflammatory response in report to immunodeficiency; blood-brain barrier involvement; CNS damage; intracranial mass effects.
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PMID:[Cerebrospinal fluid in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Analysis of 50 cases]. 344 24

Candida is present in the flora of the oral cavity, skin, intestinal tract and vagina, and is also known to be an opportunistic pathogen. Infection with this fungus has been increasing annually along with wide spread use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. The subjects included 95 patients (48 males and 47 females) who had been diagnosed as having had deep-seated candidiasis, among patients autopsied between 1982 to 1991. In regard to annual changes in deep-seated candidiasis, the incidence reached a peak in the 1985 to 1988 period, and thereafter decreased. The number of cases with leukemia as the underlying disease was the largest, 36 (37.9%), followed by malignant lymphoma in 10, and aplastic anemia 5. The number of cases with infection of the stomach was largest, 42 (44.2%), followed by the esophagus in 33 (34.7%), the lung and kidney. The cases with deep-seated candidiasis showed low values of or level of lymphocyte, hemoglobin, CRP, total protein and cholesterol and high values or levels of LDH, urea N, creatinine and total bilirubin. Cases with marked decrease in neutrophils showed no regional infiltration of inflammatory cells in any of the organs infected with Candida. Cases with disseminated candidiasis showed vascular invasion by Candida. The laboratory findings also showed that most of the cases had been undernourished and had high values of CRP which supports the presence of inflammation. Common sites of infection are the esophagus, stomach, and intestinal tract. In the presence of granulocytopenia and immunodeficiency, tissue invasion become severe and associated with vascular invasion.
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PMID:[Retrospective analysis of deep-seated candidiasis among cases autopsied between 1982 to 1991]. 808 55

The mortality rate among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) for acute respiratory failure (ARF) secondary to Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is still a matter of discussion. For some authors, it is in the 50 percent range, while for others the prognosis is grim, with virtually no survivors. The aim of this retrospective study conducted between January 1987 and January 1992 was to analyze the outcome of such patients. We studied 33 patients, 29 men and 4 women (38.6 +/- 9.9 years, 21 homosexuals, 8 intravenous drug users, 3 transfusion related, 1 heterosexual) infected by HIV for at least 19.7 +/- 21.6 months. It was the first PCP episode in all but 2 patients and the diagnosis was made by bronchoalveolar lavage (n = 32) or lung biopsy specimen (n = 1). Only three patients were receiving primary prophylaxis for PCP (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole [TMP-SMZ], n = 2; pentamidine, n = 1). Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was the first manifestation of AIDS in nine patients. The duration of symptoms prior to treatment was 19.6 +/- 11.3 days. At the time of hospital admission, laboratory findings were as follows: PaO2 = 40.7 +/- 7.8 mm Hg on room air; serum LDH = 1,172 +/- 792 IU/L; T4 cell count = 60.2 +/- 67/mm3. Mechanical ventilation was always required for ARF, which was never induced by bronchoscopy. The interval between treatment and MV was 8.1 +/- 6.5 days and the duration of MV was 11.4 +/- 9.9 days. The patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of the duration and type of treatment before MV, as follows: group 1, n = 10: TMP-SMZ (20-100 mg/kg) IV and methylprednisolone (MP) < 5 days before MV; group 2, n = 4: TMP-SMZ > or = 5 days and MP < 5 days; group 3, n = 19: TMP-SMZ and MP > or = 5 days before MV. (The MP dose was as follows: 240 mg/d once a day from day 1 to day 3; 120 mg/d from day 4 to day 6; and 60 mg/d from day 7 to day 9.) Despite MV, TMP-SMZ, and MP, death secondary to PCP-related ARF occurred in 81.9 percent of patients, 20 +/- 4.8 days after the beginning of treatment and 11.4 +/- 9.9 days after the beginning of MV. Six patients survived, five in group 1 and one in group 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Mechanical ventilation for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Is the prognosis really improved? 777 64

Between 1980 and 1993, 26 patients were treated for primary lymphoma in the central nervous system at the Norwegian Radium Hospital. This is a rare disease with poor prognosis and thus represents a great therapeutic challenge. Immunocompromised, e.g. AIDS patients, are a group at high risk, but the incidence has increased among immunocompetent patients as well. Median patient age was 64 years; and none of the patients had any signs of immunodeficiency. 23 of the patients received radiation therapy. 13 of the patients received some form of chemotherapy. The overall median survival was 19 months. WHO performance status 0-2, unifocal lesion, absence of steroid dependency and normal serum levels of LDH were all associated with longer survival. Although complete remissions were achieved in most patients, relapses in the central nervous system were frequent.
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PMID:[Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the brain]. 988 38

A pair matched case/control study was conducted from January 1991 to 30 June 1992 in order to define clinical and laboratory findings associated with DMAC infection in AIDS patients. Since DMAC infection is usually associated with advanced immunodeficiency, and therefore also with other opportunistic illnesses, in addition to the number of CD4+ lymphocytes, cases and controls were matched using the following criteria: date of AIDS diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy, number and severity of associated opportunistic infections and, whenever possible, type of Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis, age and gender, in this order of relevance. Cases (defined as patients presenting at least one positive culture for MAC at a normally sterile site) and controls presented CD4+ lymphocyte counts below 50 cel/mm3. A significantly higher prevalence of general, digestive and respiratory signs, increased LDH levels, low hemoglobin levels and CD4+ cell counts were recorded for cases when compared to controls. Increases in gammaGT and alkaline phosphatase levels seen in cases were also recorded for controls. In conclusion, the strategy we used for selecting controls allowed us to detect laboratory findings associated to DMAC infection not found in other advanced immunosupressed AIDS patients without DMAC.
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PMID:Clinical and laboratory findings of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection (DMAC) in a pair matched case-control study. 1060 40

Hirudin, the anticoagulatory polypeptide of the leech Hirudo medicinalis, strongly inhibits thrombus formation by specifically interacting with thrombin. For diagnostic purposes, hirudin should be superior to other anticlotting compounds because it only minimally alters the mineral, protein, and cellular blood constituents. To test this hypothesis, hirudinized and routinely processed venous blood from 80 healthy volunteers and patients was subjected to a variety of automated blood tests. A strong correlation was found between the results of automated complete blood counts obtained from K(2)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulated and hirudinized blood (1000 antithrombin units [ATU] hirudin/ml). In addition, clinical chemistry and serological infection parameters (asparlat amintransferase [ASAT], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], sodium, and so on, and antibodies against hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]1/2, respectively) correlated well when measured in serum as compared with hirudinized plasma. Contrary to single clotting factors, global coagulation parameters (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT], prothrombin time [PT]) could not be measured in hirudinized blood. Recombinant hirudin neither interfered with immunophenotyping of mononuclear cells using FACScan analysis, nor did it alter the detection of Wilms' tumor gene expression by RT-PCR technology even at high doses (5000 ATU hirudin). Thus, a hirudin-containing blood sampling tube can be designed as a universal blood sampling tube (UBT) for testing the majority of diagnostic blood parameters.
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PMID:Measurement of hematological, clinical chemistry, and infection parameters from hirudinized blood collected in universal blood sampling tubes. 1154 57

The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and its co-administration with chemotherapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lymphoma has lead to the exploration of potentially curative combination chemotherapy and myeloablative therapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Applying the same principles used for patients with HIV-negative aggressive lymphoma, in 1998 we developed a program of high-dose therapy and ASCT at City of Hope for patients with HIV-related lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. Our studies have primarily included patients with chemosensitive lymphoma in relapse or first remission with poor-risk features at diagnosis. Filgrastim (G-CSF)-primed peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and apheresis have been successful while patients were receiving HAART and chemotherapy. To date, ASCT has been performed in 19 patients with HIV-related lymphoid malignancies, representing the largest single-institution experience reported to date. Most patients received a chemotherapy-based conditioning regimen consisting of high-dose carmustine, etoposide and cyclophosphamide. Early infections, namely bacteremias and neutropenic fever were similar to those observed in the HIV-negative transplant setting. Opportunistic infections were rare and easily treatable. There were three early deaths, two from relapsed lymphoma and one from multi-organ failure in an older patient. The remaining 16 patients are alive and in remission. In summary, ASCT is well tolerated, can result in long-term remissions, and is potentially curative in selected HIV-related lymphoma patients with chemosensitive relapse and high-risk disease in first remission defined by the age-adjusted International Prognostic Index criteria (i.e., two or three of the following: elevated LDH, advanced stage, and poor performance status). Acquisition of resistance to HAART remains as a potential problem for HIV-positive patients who are cured of their lymphoma.
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PMID:Treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-related lymphoma with haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 1455 80


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