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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunodeficiency in neonatal and young pigs was studied in terms of T-cell function. Generalized T-cell deficiency did not exist in young pigs on the basis of the in vitro response of blood mononuclear cells to a polyclonal T-cell mitogen, phytohemagglutinin. However, immunodeficiency that extended from birth up to 4 weeks, was observed in serum antibody concentration and in vitro proliferative responses of blood mononuclear cells from young pigs exposed to a low antigen dose of a T-cell dependent antigen, egg white lysozyme. The low in vitro proliferative response to lysozyme was not attributable simply to a lack of interleukin-2 production, because supplementation with human interleukin-2 did not enhance the in vitro cellular response. Also, pokeweed mitogen-stimulated B cells from young pigs up to the age of 5 to 6 weeks produced immunoglobulin concentration, which also was not affected by the addition of human interleukin-2 to the in vitro cultures. The blood mononuclear cells obtained from pigs within the first 5 to 6 weeks after birth and incubated with monoclonal antibodies reactive to all T cells (MSA4), helper T cells (74-12-4) or suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (76-2-11) did not yield consistent excess of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Immunodeficiency in young pigs. 247 44

Interleukin-2 dependent feline T-lymphoblastoid cells designated as MYA-1 cells were established. The cells were free from exogenous retroviruses and sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). FIV can grow more efficiently in MYA-1 cells than in feline primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This line of cells will be useful not only for isolation and propagation of FIV, but also for further investigation of properties of FIV.
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PMID:Establishment of a feline T-lymphoblastoid cell line highly sensitive for replication of feline immunodeficiency virus. 248 Jul 60

Two strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were isolated directly from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Japanese domestic cats or indirectly from PBMCs of specific pathogen free (SPF) cats inoculated with whole blood from naturally infected cats with FIV by cocultivation with primary PBMCs from SPF cats. Two isolates, designated as FIV TM 1 and FIV TM 2, had a lentivirus-like morphology by electron microscopy, a tropism for interleukin-2 dependent T-lymphocytes and Mg2+-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. By immunoblotting the isolates gave bands at 130, 48, 44, 40, 28, 17, and 13 kDa, and these bands except 130 kDa were detected in FIV Petaluma strain when reacted with the plasma of cats infected naturally with FIV TM 1 strain.
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PMID:Preliminary comparisons of the biological properties of two strains of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolated in Japan with FIV Petaluma strain isolated in the United States. 248 Jul 65

A survey is given about the so far known mode of action and the therapeutic application of the following agents with immunostimulatory effects: Interleukin-2, Interferon-gamma, Tumor necrosis factor, Thymosin alpha 1, Thymopentin, Splenopentin, Thymulin, Thymostimulin, Muramyl dipeptide, Bestatin, Tuftsin and Levamisole. The treatment of patients suffering from immunodeficiency disorders and cancer with such agents seems to be possible in the near future.
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PMID:[Immunostimulants--therapeutic aspects]. 249 78

Transcriptional activation of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, like induction of the IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) gene and the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is shown to be modulated by a kappa B-like enhancer element. Mutation of a kappa B core sequence identified in the IL-2 promoter (-206 to -195) partially inhibits both mitogen- and HTLV-I Tax-mediated activation of this transcription unit and blocks the specific binding of two inducible cellular factors. These kappa B-specific proteins (80 to 90 and 50 to 55 kilodaltons) similarly interact with the functional kappa B enhancer present in the IL-2R alpha promoter. These data suggest that these kappa B-specific proteins have a role in the coordinate regulation of this growth factor-growth factor receptor gene system that controls T cell proliferation.
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PMID:Kappa B-specific DNA binding proteins: role in the regulation of human interleukin-2 gene expression. 249 18

Forty samples of cord blood lymphocytes were isolated from 40 normal healthy full-term newborns. The initial 20 samples were used to determine the dose-response curve of three different thymic extracts (TP-1, bovine thymic extract; TG-15-I and TG-15-II, both porcine thymic extracts) and one of renal origin (KG-1) as a control of non-lymphoid organ extract, by measuring the E-rosette T cells. Results showed that E-rosette T cells increased significantly when the thymic extract concentration was increased to 12.5 micrograms/ml. However, there was no statistical difference between TP-1, TG-15-I and TG-15-II in the increase of E-rosette-forming cells. The remaining 20 samples were preincubated with 0, 12.5, 25 or 50 micrograms/ml of thymic extracts. It was observed that the lymphoproliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2), gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrotic factor (TNF) production were all significantly increased after thymic extract treatment. No statistical difference between these three thymic preparations in the stimulation of lymphoproliferative response was found. However, among the three thymic extracts, TP-1 appears to induce the highest amounts of IL-2, IFN-gamma and TNF. Of the TG-15-I and TG-15-II, the former stimulates higher IL-2 production whereas the latter enhances IFN-gamma and TNF production. The different immunostimulating effects and potencies that these three thymic extracts showed may reflect not only the species difference but also the difference in preparation procedures. Different components in these thymic extracts may be responsible for different biological activities. Results from these comparative studies may provide useful information in future clinical trials for the treatment of the primary immunodeficiency diseases according to their pathogenesis and may also indicate a possible beneficial effect of the combination of chemotherapy and thymic extracts.
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PMID:A comparative study on the immunological effects of bovine and porcine thymic extracts: induction of lymphoproliferative response and enhancement of interleukin-2, gamma-interferon and tumor necrotic factor production in vitro on cord blood lymphocytes. 250 81

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) were measured in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected patients and normal controls (NC). Increased levels of both IL-2 and sIL-2R were found in MS serum. Moreover, 11 of 50 MS patients showed detectable levels of IL-2 in the CSF. HIV-1-infected patients had increased levels of sIL-2R in serum and, less frequently, in the CSF. gamma-IFN was never detected in serum and CSF of all the patients studied. These findings confirm preliminary reports, further stress a systemic T-cell activation in MS, and support the hypothesis that an immunologic disorder exists in such patients.
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PMID:Immune activation in multiple sclerosis: study of IL-2, sIL-2R, and gamma-IFN levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. 250 88

T lymphocytes from mice and healthy humans immunized against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope have recently been shown to recognize two antigenic regions of the gp160 HIV-envelope protein which have been located on the basis of amphipathicity. In HIV-infected humans, T-cell proliferative responses are lost soon after infection. Here we demonstrate that interleukin-2 production is often retained even when proliferative activity is absent, and that it can be used to monitor T-helper cell responses by HIV-seropositive donors. We use this approach to investigate the T-helper cell response of 42 asymptomatic HIV-seropositive patients to four synthetic gp160 peptides and to influenza A virus, an antigen requiring intact CD4 T-helper cell function. As many as 67% of the HIV-seropositive donors who retain responsiveness to influenza A virus respond to a single peptide, and 85-90% responded to at least one of the peptides.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 production used to detect antigenic peptide recognition by T-helper lymphocytes from asymptomatic HIV-seropositive individuals. 252 68

The optimum marrow ablative regimen for preparing recipients of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has not been established. gamma-Irradiation, but not busulfan, produces a characteristic microvascular injury pattern which results in depressed capacity of normal lymphocytes to localize into the lymph nodes of syngeneic murine BMT recipients. Since peripheral lymph nodes are important sites for initiation and amplification of immune responses, the preparative regimen might delay recovery of regionally compartmentalized immune functions after BMT. We evaluated the effects of busulfan and gamma-irradiation on the phenotypic and functional reconstitution of helper T-cell function within the peripheral lymph nodes of BMT recipients. Both marrow ablative regimens caused a protracted delay in regeneration of peripheral lymph node CD4+ T cells. Specific helper T-cell functions, such as contact hypersensitivity and alloantigen responses, remained significantly depressed in the lymph nodes of irradiated mice for prolonged periods (up to 60 weeks). These responses recovered more rapidly in busulfan-treated BMT recipients. In contrast, the capacity of peripheral lymph node T cells to provide "help" for antigen-specific immunoglobulin production was only transiently depressed by either preparative regimen. Our experiments confirm the hypothesis that the marrow ablative regimen, particularly gamma-irradiation, may contribute to the period of immunodeficiency which follows BMT. The pattern of immune recovery observed suggests that preparative total body irradiation (TBI) may selectively depress the regional recovery of the TH1 [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) secreting] lymphocyte subset.
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PMID:Peripheral lymph node helper T-cell recovery after syngeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice prepared with either gamma-irradiation or busulfan. 252 72

Zidovudine (ZDV), an anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) therapy, has been associated with reduction in mortality and improvement of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The ZDV recipients, however, experience a multitude of side effects of which bone marrow suppression is the most noteworthy, especially among patients with low CD4 cell counts. The effect of ZDV and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMs) from patients with HIV infection was investigated. ZDV 0.5 micrograms inhibited 40% of PHA-induced thymidine uptake in PBMs from healthy donors or patients with HIV, irrespective of their CD4 cell counts. However, IL-2 (10 U/ml) had differential effect on PHA-induced thymidine uptake that appeared to be dependent on absolute CD4 cell counts. While PBMs from patients with CD4 cell counts of 400/mm3 or more did not respond to IL-2 (low responders), IL-2 enhanced the PHA-induced thymidine uptake in PBMs from patients with CD4 cell counts less than 400/mm3 at an average of 60% (high responders). Moreover, IL-2 restored the ZDV-induced inhibition by almost 100% in the high responder group while it did not affect counts in the low responder group. The production of IL-2 in vitro, in response to PHA or recall antigens, was equivalently inhibited in both groups. These data suggest that ZDV and IL-2 could have an additive effect on immune parameters in certain groups of patients infected with HIV. The differential effect of IL-2 was independent of IL-2 receptor expression.
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PMID:Differential reconstitution of zidovudine-induced inhibition of mitogenic responses by interleukin-2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 254 65


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