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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Despite the presence of normal numbers and distribution of T and B lymphocutes and normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, a five-month-old infant failed to show any evidence of T-cell or B-cell immunity. In trying to identify a specific membrane abnormality as a potential cause of the immunologic dysfunction, we examined the lateral mobility of the cell-surface receptor for concanavalin A. In contrast to normal cells, in which the receptor is distributed uniformly over the cell surface, the patient's lymphocytes showed an unusually high accumulation of concanavalin A receptors in surface caps. This capping abnormality appeared in both T and B lymphocytes and was exaggerated by colchicine, an inhibitor of microtubule assembly. These findings support the theory that plasma-membrane-cytoskeleton interactions have a role in the expression of specific immunity; the findings also identify new areas that should be considered in trying to understand the primary immunodeficiency diseases.
N Engl J Med 1979 Dec 06
PMID:Abnormal lymphocyte capping in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease. 31 18

To evaluate the immunologic surveillance theory of cancer, we reviewed the epidemiologic observations that have been made on cancer risk among population groups with immune deficiency. Lymphoproliferative neoplasms predominate in various groups, most notably renal transplant recipients treated with immunosuppressive agents and patients with primary immunodeficiency syndromes. In some immune disorders, specific forms of nonlymphoid neoplasia seem to occur excessively, although the patterns are not clear-cut or consistent. The available epidemiologic evidence fails to support the concept that immunosurveillance mechanisms are generally involved in carcinogenesis but does provide clues to immunologic processes that may predispose to particular neoplasms.
Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1977 Dec
PMID:Immunosurveillance and cancer: epidemiologic observations. 34

A group of central nervous system neoplasms, previously known as reticulum cell sarcoma or microglioma, and recently classified as malignant lymphoma, histiocytic type, not infrequently occur in patients with immunodeficiency, either primary or induced by immunosuppressant drugs. The authors report such a neoplasm in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura immunosuppressed with azathioprine and prednisone. The neoplasm was studied with several immunological techniques and by electron microscopy. The neoplasm had B lymphocyte membrane markers and showed plasmacytic differentiation. These features suggest that it was a tumor of transformed B lymphocytes (immunoblasts).
J Neurosurg 1978 Dec
PMID:Immunoblastic sarcoma (histiocytic lymphoma) of the brain with B cell markers. Case report. 36 88

As our knowledge of immunology has become more sophisticated we have had to alter our ideas of the etiology of many immune deficiency diseases. Indeed, current concepts now prevalent have led to reclassification of a number of disease entities. In order to keep our diagnostic efforts abreast of the information being generated by the extensive immunology research programs now in progress, the clinical laboratory has been required to offer a new array of sophisticated tests on a relatively routine basis. This article is intended to serve as a brief review of immunobiology and immunodeficiency diseases with an indepth coverage of specialized tests generally available at the large centers. With an understanding of the principles, procedures, and pitfalls of the tests carried out the laboratory scientist is in a better position to assist the clinician in reaching the correct diagnosis. The detailed review is concerned with methods available to separate, classify, and subclassify lymphocytes and thereby allow a categorization of immune deficiency diseases. Toward that end there is a discussion of surface markers, rosetting, mitogenic and antigenic responsiveness as well as lymphokine production. With a view to present day research tests that might eventually find their way into the armamentarium of the clinical laboratory in the future, there is brief discussion of the methods presently used to classify T-cells as helper, suppressor, or effector cells, assays of some of the lymphokines, and measurement of antibody synthesis in cell culture.
CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 1979 Dec
PMID:Screening tests for cell-mediated immunodeficiency diseases. 38 53

Evolutionary selection has equipped females with immunoregulatory genes on the X chromosome for coping with life-threatening illness. Five immunodeficiency syndromes occur solely in males, suggesting that they arise from mutant immunoregulatory genes located on the X chromosome. These syndromes, although rare, could contribute to poorer survival of males. Females have higher serum IgM concentrations, superior ability to form antibodies to infectious agents, and experience a lower incidence of viral and bacterial infectious diseases. Preponderance of autoimmune disorders in females could arise from modified immune responses owing to estrogens. Clinical and animal studies indicate that male hormones suppress autoantibody production whereas female hormones support their production. Superior immunocompetence and survival of females is based, in part, on their being protected from mutant immunoregulatory genes located on the X chromosome.
Am J Dis Child 1979 Dec
PMID:Immunological bases for superior survival of females. 51 75

The diagnoses which may be arrived at by examination of peroral small bowel mucosal biopsy specimens are presented. Celiac sprue, unclassified sprue (refractory sprue), infectious gastroenterititis, stasis syndrome and kwashiorkor have a severe mucosal lesion. Other clinical conditions are required to establish the diagnosis in these diseases. A number of diseases have specific diagnostic features. Included are Whipple's disease, abetalipoproteinemia, collagenous sprue, primary intestinal lymphoma, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, giardiasis, coccidiosis, strongyloidiasis, lymphangiectasis and the intestinal immunodeficiency diseases. Mucosal abnormalities may be present in other diseases but the diagnoses are usually made on other criteria than small bowel biopsy. These include vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiency, Crohn's disease, gastrinoma, acrodermatitis enteropathica, amyloidosis, chronic granulomatous disease, lipid storage diseases, histoplasmosis, capillariasis, cytomegalovirus infection, schistosomiasis and macroglobulinemia.
Am J Med 1979 Dec
PMID:Histologic diagnosis of diseases of malabsorption. 51 56

Forty eight patients with symptomatic giardiasis and 22 apparently healthy matched controls without Giardia lamblia were studied with respect to the following variables--immunoglobulins (Igs) G, A and M in serum, IgA in duodenal juice and T and B in lymphocyte sub-populations. There were no differences observed between the two groups with regard to any of these variables except for serum IgG which was found to be higher in patients. It was concluded that endemic giardiasis has no immunodeficient basis and has nothing in common with the association of giardiasis, mal absorption and immunodeficiency reported from the West. Further, no change in these variables was observed when the tests were repeated after cure.
Trop Geogr Med 1979 Dec
PMID:Immunoglobulins in serum and duodenal juice and peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with giardiasis. 54 84

A potent inhibitor of cell proliferation was found in the urine of a patient with chronic renal failure. This substance included in "middle molecules" (MM) fraction, was obtained by chromatography. This factor was shown to inhibit noticeably the proliferation of various cells : lymphocytes stimulated by allogeneic cells, monolayer cell lines of normal or tumorous origin and leukemic cell lines derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. This effect was reversible and thus could not be related to a direct, rapid cytotoxic effect of MM. Such substances could play an important part in uremic symptoms, such as immunodeficiency, anemia, thrombopenia, gastrointestinal or skin manifestations.
Biomedicine 1979 Dec
PMID:A potent inhibitor of cell proliferation in "middle molecules" isolated from the urine of uremic patients. 54 28

A patient with precoucious puberty, caused by the secretion of ecthopic gonadotrophin, due to a teratoma of mediastinal localization accompanied by cellular immunodeficiency is described. A review of literature several cases have been from different hospitals, showing a low frequency of the intrathoratic localization of these teratomas and it is exceptional functional characteristics is made.
An Esp Pediatr 1977 Dec
PMID:[Mediastinal gonadotrophin secreting tumor (author's transl)]. 60 43

Lymphocytes from patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency disease were tested for capacity to produce LMIF after mitogen and antigen stimulation as well as for ability to stimulate and respond in unidirectional MLC-LMIF assay. Different patterns of immune abnormality in vitro were detectable when Con A and Candida albicans antigen were used. In addition, significant abnormalities in LMIF responding and stimulatory capacity were demonstrated in patients with Hodgkin's disease. LMIF production after stimulation with different agents allows for a better characterization of cellular defects in immunodeficiency disease.
Clin Exp Immunol 1976 Dec
PMID:Leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LMIF) profile in primary and secondary immunodeficiency disease. 79 76


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