Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can activate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter and accelerate cytopathic effects in HIV-infected human T cells. This study examines the regions of the HIV promoter required for HHV-6 transactivation in a heterogeneous population of primary human T lymphocytes with or without antigenic stimulation. Two different strains of HHV-6, GS and Z29, transactivated the HIV promoter. The GS strain transactivated the promoter in both stimulated and resting T cells, while the Z29 strain increased HIV promoter activity only in stimulated T cells. Three DNA clones containing HHV-6(GS) genomic fragments transactivated the HIV promoter in cotransfected T cells. A 21.4-kb DNA clone, pZVB70, showed the highest transactivating ability, while two other DNA fragments, pZVB10 (6.2 kb) and pZVH14 (8.7 kb), showed lower activity. One of these clones, pZVH14, activated the HIV promoter construct containing a mutation in the NF kappa B site. However, this mutated NF kappa B promoter was not transactivated during HHV-6(GS) infection or after cotransfection with pZVB70 or pZVB10. These data indicate that the NF kappa B sites of the HIV promoter are essential for its transactivation during HHV-6(GS) infection. By increasing HIV promoter activity in primary T lymphocytes, HHV-6 may consequently increase HIV replication, leading to an increase in the cytopathic effect on coinfected human T cells.
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PMID:Transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus promoter by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) strains GS and Z-29 in primary human T lymphocytes and identification of transactivating HHV-6(GS) gene fragments. 185 61

A 21 year old homosexual man presented with an acute pneumonitis during symptomatic seroconversion for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-I) infection. The symptoms resolved spontaneously without any therapeutic interventions needed. Acute pneumonitis should be added to the ever-increasing spectrum of clinical manifestations in primary HIV-I infection.
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PMID:Primary HIV-I infection associated with pneumonitis. 192 33

A 21-year-old black man with sickle cell disease who has received blood transfusions for 11 years because of recurrent stroke has had a decline in numbers of circulating lymphocytes and T4 cells over the past four years. Two and a half years ago persistent generalized lymphadenopathy developed, associated with a positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody. For the past seven months he has had a pruritic maculopapular rash, primarily on the extensor surfaces of the extremities. Multiple skin biopsies revealed only nonspecific perivascular infiltrates of mononuclear cells. This rash appears to be an unusual manifestation of HIV infection, and may be an indicator of impending AIDS.
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PMID:Unusual chronic maculopapular rash associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. 292 31

Neurological lesions are frequent complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Organs involved include the brain, peripheral nerves and muscles. Since the widespread use of immunodepressive agents, spinal cord complications have also appeared although poorly documented in the literature. We observed six cases of spinal cord involvement which help indicate the modalities of practical management. In the first case, a 45-year old HIV1 + male presented dysesthesia evolving progressively over the T10 to L2 zones leading to the diagnosis of spinal cord toxoplasmosis. A gait disorder was the first sign in the second case, a 60-year old HIV1 + male. Neurological involvement progressed and the patient developed paraparesia, decreased muscular force with hypoesthesia and impaired proprioception of the lower limbs. Further complications led to coma and death and on autopsy, the patient was found to have cytomegalovirus myeloencephalitis. A 21 HIV1 + haemophiliac was our third case. Here paraplegia resulted from epidural compression due to Burkitt malignant lymphocytosis. The aggravation of paresthesia of the lower limbs, complicated by painful dysesthesia and proximal motor deficiency led to the suspected diagnosis of HIV-related myelitis in a particularly complicated case in a 52-year old seropositive male. In the fifth case, HIV infection led to major demelinization of the cervical and dorsal spinal cord due to toxoplasmosis and vacuolar myelopathy. In the sixth case, acute myelitis in an HIV2 positive male regressed spontaneously in 15 days. In clinical practice, spinal cord complications would appear to be frequent but less so than brain involvement. In the future, a better understanding of these complications should lead to specific identification of spinal cord signs in the neurological symptomatology of patients with HIV infection and allow adapted specific management.
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PMID:[Lesions of the spinal cord in HIV infection]. 789 90

We have used the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation package AMBER4 to search the conformation of a peptide predicted as a leucine zipper motif for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase protein (HIV IN-LZM). The peptide is composed of 22 amino acid residues and its location is from Val 151 to Leu 172. The searching procedure also includes two known alpha-helices that served as positive controls--namely, a 22-residue GCN4-p1 (LZM) and a 20-residue poly (L-alanine) (PLA). A 21-residue peptide extracted from a cytochrome C crystal (CCC-t) with determined conformation as a beta-turn is also included as a negative control. At the beginning of the search, two starting conformations--namely, the standard right-handed alpha-helix and the fully stretched conformations--are generated for each peptide. Structures generated as standard alpha-helix are equilibrated at room temperature for 90 ps while structures generated as a fully stretched one are equilibrated at 600 K for 120 ps. The CCC-t and PLA helices are nearly destroyed from the beginning of equilibration. However, for both the HIV IN-LZM and the GCN4-p1 LZM structures, there is substantial helicity being retained throughout the entire course of equilibration. Although helix propagation profiles calculated indicate that both peptides possess about the same propensity to form an alpha-helix, the HIV IN-LZM helix appears to be more stable than the GCN4-p1 one as judged by a variety of analyses on both structures generated during the equilibration course. The fact that predicted HIV IN-LZM can exist as an alpha-helix is also supported by the results of high temperature equilibration run on the fully stretched structures generated. In this run, the RMS deviations between the backbone atoms of the structures with the lowest potential energy (PE) identified within every 2 ps and the structure with the lowest PE searched in the same course of simulation are calculated. For both the HIV IN-LZM and the GCN4-p1 LZM, these rms values decrease with the decrease of PE, which indicates that both structures are closer in conformations as their PEs are moved deeper into the PE well.
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PMID:Molecular dynamics simulation of a leucine zipper motif predicted for the integrase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 807 85

A 21-year-old man with hemophilia B and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was admitted with hematemesis and melena. After admission, esophagogram and endoscopy showed a single giant ulcer with ovoid shape and slightly irregular margins in the middle esophagus. Biopsy specimens of the esophageal ulcer showed non-specific granulation and etiology was unknown. Therapeutic trails of famotidine, sodium alginate, acyclovir, and amphotericin B did not result in favorable response. With a combination therapy of dexamethasone and sucralfate, the swallowing pain was rapidly disappeared with gradual improvement of the ulcer. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a giant esophageal ulcer in a HIV infected patient in Japan.
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PMID:[A giant esophageal ulcer in a hemophiliac with HIV infection]. 836 81

A 21-year-old male patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse large T-cell type, clinical stage IV) received allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from a partially HLA-mismatched unrelated donor in July 1998 and achieved complete remission. Thereafter, he suffered from chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and was continuously administered immunosuppressive drugs for a long time. Two years after the BMT, he complained of severe pain in the right knee, which was swollen, and was diagnosed as having pneumococcal purulent genual arthritis. He underwent arthroscopic synovectomy and was administered systemic and intra-articular antibiotics, leading to a gradual improvement. Streptococcal infections are often seen in patients in the late phase after allogeneic BMT because of immunodeficiency associated with chronic GVHD and hyposplenism. Most streptococcal infections are respiratory tract infections and septicemia, and there have been very few reports on cases of purulent genual arthritis. Administration of prophylactic antibiotics and control of chronic GVHD, which is a risk factor of pneumococcal infection, seem to be important to prevent purulent genual arthritis.
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PMID:Pneumococcal purulent genual arthritis after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. 1202 38

A 21-year-old hemophiliac with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was admitted to our hospital because of bilateral pneumothoraces associated with Pneumocysis carinii pneumonia (PCP). He underwent chest tube drainages and intravenous pentamidine therapy, resulting in clinical improvement. Two months after treatment for PCP, cystic lesions that had existed before treatment disappeared on chest computed tomography. We concluded that Pneumocystis carinii infection might be associated with lung destruction and cyst formation, and that inflammatory exudates in the small bronchioles might act as a ball-valve with subsequent spontaneous pneumothoraces.
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PMID:AIDS-related Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with disappearance of cystic lesions after treatment. 1241 19

We introduce a new genosensing approach employing CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide)-coated positively charged colloidal gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to detect target DNA sequences by using absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering. The approach is compared with a previously reported method employing unmodified CTAB-coated gold nanorods (GNRs). Both approaches are based on the observation that whereas the addition of probe and target ssDNA to CTAB-coated particles results in particle aggregation, no aggregation is observed after addition of probe and nontarget DNA sequences. Our goal was to compare the feasibility and sensitivity of both methods. A 21-mer ssDNA from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1 U5 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence and a 23-mer ssDNA from the Bacillus anthracis cryptic protein and protective antigen precursor (pagA) genes were used as ssDNA models. In the case of GNRs, unexpectedly, the colorimetric test failed with perfect cigar-like particles but could be performed with dumbbell and dog-bone rods. By contrast, our approach with cationic CTAB-coated GNPs is easy to implement and possesses excellent feasibility with retention of comparable sensitivity--a 0.1 nM concentration of target cDNA can be detected with the naked eye and 10 pM by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. The specificity of our method is illustrated by successful DLS detection of one-three base mismatches in cDNA sequences for both DNA models. These results suggest that the cationic GNPs and DLS can be used for genosensing under optimal DNA hybridization conditions without any chemical modifications of the particle surface with ssDNA molecules and signal amplification. Finally, we discuss a more than two-three-order difference in the reported estimations of the detection sensitivity of colorimetric methods (0.1 to 10-100 pM) to show that the existing aggregation models are inconsistent with the detection limits of about 0.1-1 pM DNA and that other explanations should be developed.
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PMID:Colorimetric and dynamic light scattering detection of DNA sequences by using positively charged gold nanospheres: a comparative study with gold nanorods. 2162 41

Subjects with primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection often have acute retroviral syndrome. Some develop rhabdomyolysis, which can lead to acute renal failure. A 21-year-old man admitted for consciousness disturbance was initially considered to have aseptic meningitis associated with primary HIV infection. On hospitalization day 3, he developed severe rhabdomyolysis with elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) of 218,100 IU/L with serum creatinine normal at 0.9 mg/dL. Following massive extracellular fluid infusion and urinary alkalinization, serum CK decreased smoothly, without renal failure. Severe rhabdomyolysis was concomitant with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) only on admission day. Acute renal failure in those with rhabdomyolysis may be influenced by renal possibly due to SIRS and tubular damage from reactive oxygen species, rather than by tubular obstruction by myoglobin casts, although this depends on the extent of myolysis. Acute renal failure is prevented in those with primary HIV infection developing rhabdomyolysis, based on renal blood flow control, if condition causing SIRS do not become a complication.
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PMID:[A case of primary human immunodeficiency virus infection with severe rhabdomyolysis without acute renal failure]. 2170 47


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