Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors examined 48 patients with peritonitis (20 with the generalized and 28 with the localized form). The content of T-lymphocytes, theophylline-resistant and theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes, leukocyte chemotaxic activity, and the lymphocyte ATP content were studied. It was found that the state of the immune system in the early postoperative period allows the severity of the disease and its outcome to be prognosticated. A sharp decrease in the T-lymphocyte content and decrease of the amount of ATP in the lymphocytes in stable reduction of chemotaxic activity is an unfavorable prognostic sign. Introduction of indirect electrochemical oxidation with a sodium hypochlorite solution into the complex of intensive therapy produces, in addition to a marked detoxification effect, a stabilizing effect on metabolic processes in the lymphocytes and activates the cellular link of immunity. Combined immunocorrection with the agents tactivin and leukinferon possesses a high potential of an immunobiological effect and can be recommended for correction of severe secondary immunodeficiency in patients with generalized peritonitis.
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PMID:[Combined detoxification and immunocorrective therapy in patients with peritonitis]. 800 6

We have characterized the dimeric genomic RNA in particles of both wild-type and protease (PR)-deficient human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We found that the dimeric RNA isolated from PR- mutant virions has a lower mobility in nondenaturing gel electrophoresis than that from wild-type virions. It also dissociates into monomers at a lower temperature than the wild-type dimer. Thus, the dimer in PR- particles is in a conformation different from that in wild-type particles. These results are quite similar to recent findings on Moloney murine leukemia virus and suggest that a postassembly, PR-dependent maturation event is a common feature in genomic RNAs of retroviruses. We also measured the thermal stability of the wild-type and PR- dimeric RNAs under different ionic conditions. Both forms of the dimer were stabilized by increasing Na+ concentrations. However, the melting temperatures of the two forms were not significantly affected by the identity of the monovalent cation present in the incubation buffer. This observation is in contrast with recent reports on dimers formed in vitro from short segments of HIV-1 sequence: the latter dimers are specifically stabilized by K+ ions. K+ stabilization of dimers formed in vitro has been taken as evidence for the presence of guanine quartet structures. The results suggest that guanine quartets are not involved in the structure linking full-length, authentic genomic RNA of HIV-1 into a dimeric structure.
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PMID:Characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 dimeric RNA from wild-type and protease-defective virions. 803 1

Repeat tracts of guanine bases found in DNA and RNA can form tetraplex structures in the presence of a variety of monovalent cations. Evidence suggests that guanine tetraplexes assume important functions within chromosomal telomeres, immunoglobulin switch regions, and the human immunodeficiency virus genome. The structure of a parallel-stranded tetraplex formed by the hexanucleotide d(TG4T) and stabilized by sodium cations was determined by x-ray crystallography to 1.2 angstroms resolution. Sharply resolved sodium cations were found between and within planes of hydrogen-bonded guanine quartets, and an ordered groove hydration was observed. Distinct intra- and intermolecular stacking arrangements were adopted by the guanine quartets. Thymine bases were exclusively involved in making extensive lattice contacts.
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PMID:The high-resolution crystal structure of a parallel-stranded guanine tetraplex. 803 94

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) is critical for the inducible expression of multiple cellular and viral genes involved in inflammation and infection including interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, and adhesion molecules. The anti-inflammatory drugs sodium salicylate and aspirin inhibited the activation of NF-kappa B, which further explains the mechanism of action of these drugs. This inhibition prevented the degradation of the NF-kappa B inhibitor, I kappa B, and therefore NF-kappa B was retained in the cytosol. Sodium salicylate and aspirin also inhibited NF-kappa B-dependent transcription from the Ig kappa enhancer and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) in transfected T cells.
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PMID:Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin. 853 99

To analyze the association of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase (IN) protein with DNA substrates, we applied a shortwave UV cross-linking method to the in vitro integration system. Three photoadduct bands were detected on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. The appearances of these photoadducts were examined with various substrates and under several incubation conditions. Our data suggest that one of these photoadducts is derived from the sequence- and strand-specific bound state of the early phase of the integration reaction before the 3' processing reaction. We also show that most of the photoadduct complexes are competent for integration even after UV irradiation.
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PMID:Detection and characterization of a functional complex of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and its DNA substrate by UV cross-linking. 805 50

A series of sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides, including a sulfate dodecyl laminarapentaoside and a sulfated octadecyl maltohexaoside with potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, has been synthesized. An alkyl oligosaccharide in which a long alkyl group is bonded to the reducing end of the oligosaccharide was first synthesized in high yield. Peracetylated oligosaccharides reacted with such aliphatic alcohols as 1-decyl and 1-dodecyl alcohols with Lewis acids as catalysts. As in the glycosylation of the alpha and beta peracetylated glycosides, the beta anomer reacted exclusively, the acetylation was carried out with a sodium acetate-acetic anhydride at high temperatures to maximize the proportion of the beta anomer.
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PMID:Synthesis of sulfated alkyl malto- and laminara-oligosaccharides with potent inhibitory effects on AIDS virus infection. 806 89

Cryptosporidium oocysts were searched by Heine's method in stools of nine calves with cryptosporidiosis after stool treatment with two disinfectants, 10% paraformaldehyde solution and 14.5% sodium hypochlorite solution. After 30 minutes exposition to sodium hypochlorite solution oocysts became non refractile and acquired a reddish tinge, making their identification difficult. No morphological alterations occurred in oocysts after paraformaldehyde treatment. We recommend paraformaldehyde at 10% concentration as means of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) inactivation for routine use in stool examinations and therefore making safer those type of procedures for laboratory personnel, when using Heine's method.
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PMID:[The evaluation of the effect of formol and sodium hypochlorite on the demonstration of Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces by Heine's method]. 807 54

U1 cells, a subclone of U937 cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), produced HIV-1 only in the presence of inducers such as 12-O-tetradecanoxylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The expression of HIV-antigen on U1 cells induced by TPA or TNF-alpha was found to be prevented by sodium 5,6-benzylidene-L-ascorbate (SBA) in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of U1 cells with SBA in the presence of inducers resulted in cell death with cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation into nucleosomal oligomers, characteristics of apoptosis. In contrast, SBA had scarcely any apoptotic effect on U1 cells in the absence of inducers. SBA did not also induce apoptosis in parental U937 cells in the presence or absence of inducers. These results suggest that HIV-replicating U1 cells selectively undergo apoptosis on treatment with SBA.
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PMID:Sodium benzylideneascorbate induces apoptosis in HIV-replicating U1 cells. 807 75

Two-phase extraction in a system composed of dextran and polyethylene glycol was used to purify simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVMAC251 (32H isolate) from 25 l of culture supernatant. The virus partitioned to the interphase with 80% recovery of gag peptide p27 and reverse transcriptase and an about 25% recovery of the external env glycoprotein, gp148. The virus was treated with octylglycoside and its subcomponents separated. Two gag-p27 containing fractions were obtained; gag-1, which also contained reverse transcriptase and nucleopeptides, and gag-2, which contained the major portion of the p27. The env gp148 was purified by chromatography through a series of lectin columns. The prepared materials are characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immuno- and lectin blotting.
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PMID:Purification of simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVMAC251, and of its external envelope glycoprotein, gp148. 808 61

Ditiocarb sodium has been reported to reduce the progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. To confirm this therapeutic activity and to evaluate the effect of ditiocarb sodium in the early stages of HIV infection, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic adults with HIV infection. Patients were followed during a 24 mo period, with a clinical and laboratory evaluation every 4 mo. Of 1333 patients who continued therapy after day 1, 669 were randomized to ditiocarb and 664 to placebo. The two treatment groups were comparable at entry, except for the CD4+ cell count, which was lower in the ditiocarb (median 416/mm3) than in the placebo group (median 458/mm3). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed in 106 patients in the ditiocarb group as compared with 68 in the placebo group; 285 patients progressed to AIDS-related complex (157 ditiocarb, 128 placebo); 55 patients died (34 ditiocarb; 21 placebo). The risk of progression to AIDS, after adjustment for baseline CD4+ cell count, was significantly higher in the ditiocarb than in the placebo group (adjusted relative risk = 1.41; p = 0.027). A decrease in CD4+ cell counts was observed, with no significant difference between the ditiocarb and the placebo group. A positive effect of ditiocarb given in the condition of this study can be excluded. Although previous studies have shown opposite results, this study suggests that the use of ditiocarb in HIV-infected patients should be discontinued.
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PMID:Multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study of ditiocarb (Imuthiol) in human immunodeficiency virus-infected asymptomatic and minimally symptomatic patients. The HIV87 Study Group. 809 1


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