Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A novel membrane-bound serine esterase, named tryptase TL2, which is immunologically reactive with the antibody inhibiting induction of syncytia by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) (Hattori, T., Koito, A., Takatsuki, K., Kido, H., and Kutunuma, N. (1989) FEBS Lett., 248, 48-52), has been purified from a human T4+ lymphocyte clone. The enzyme has a molecular mass of 198 +/- 15 kDa, as judged by gel-permeation liquid chromatography, and is composed of two subunits of 32 kDa and four subunits of 28 kDa, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Studies with model peptide substrates showed that the enzyme preferentially recognized L-arginine and cleaved Boc-Gln-Gly-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide and Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide with high efficiency at a pH optimum of 8.5. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by the envelope glycoprotein gp 120 of HIV-1, by synthetic peptides with the sequence GPGR in their center, which corresponds to the principal neutralizing epitope of the gp 120s of various HIV-1 strains, by Kunitz-type inhibitors with the sequence GPCR in their active site, such as trypstatin, HI30, and [Arg15, Glu52]aprotinin and by the microbial inhibitors leupeptin and antipain. Studies on the subcellular distribution of tryptase TL2, immunohistochemical analysis, and cell surface radioiodination indicated that the enzyme is mainly localized in the plasma membrane.
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PMID:A novel membrane-bound serine esterase in human T4+ lymphocytes immunologically reactive with antibody inhibiting syncytia induced by HIV-1. Purification and characterization. 197 28

We have expressed the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gag polyprotein (Pr55gag) in bacteria under the control of the T7 phage gene 10 promoter. When the gene encoding the viral protease is included in cis, in the -1 reading frame, the expected proteolytic cleavage products MA and CA are produced. Disruption of the protease-coding sequence prevents proteolytic processing, and full-length polyprotein is produced. Pr55gag, separated from bacterial proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes, binds RNA containing sequences from the 5' end of the HIV-1 genome. This binding is tolerant of a wide range of pH and temperature but has distinct salt preferences. Conditions were identified which prevented nonspecific binding of RNA to bacterial proteins but still allowed binding to Pr55gag. Under these conditions, irrelevant RNA probes lacking HIV-1 sequences bound Pr55gag less efficiently. Quantitation of binding to Pr55gag by HIV-1 RNA probes with deletions mutations demonstrated that there are two regions lying within the HIV-1 gag gene which independently promote binding of RNA to Pr55gag.
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PMID:Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA to recombinant HIV-1 gag polyprotein. 203 71

1-(2-Azido-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)thymine (2'-N3ddThd) was synthesized from 1-(5-O-trityl-2,3-anhydro-beta-D-lyxofuranosyl)thymine by two different procedures. Method A prepared the title compound by opening of the oxirane ring with LiEt3BH followed by mesylation of the 2'-hydroxyl function, introduction of the 2'-azido substituent and deblocking of the 5'-function. In method B nucleophilic opening of 3'-deoxy-5'-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-5-methyl-2,2'-anhydrouridine+ ++ was carried out with sodium azide in hexamethylphosphoramide in the presence of benzoic acid. Single X-ray crystallographic studies indicated a solid state conformation (3T2), which was opposite to that of the A form of AZT (2T3) but closely resembled that of 1-(2-fluoro-2,3-dideoxy-beta-D-erythropentofuranosyl)thymine (2'-FddThd) (3T2) and of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-2,6-diaminopurine riboside (3'-N3ddDAP) (3T2). Whereas the latter displayed significant inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, 2'-FddThd and 2'-N3ddThd were essentially inactive.
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PMID:2'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine: synthesis and crystal structure of a 2'-substituted dideoxynucleoside. 208 11

The full-length envelope gene from an infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) molecular clone was expressed in CD4+ and CD4- cells by a recombinant vaccinia virus vector. Pulse-chase experiments indicated that gp160 was processed into gp120 and gp41 subunits. Although large amounts of gp120 were shed into the medium, the recombinant vaccinia virus-infected cells fused with uninfected CD4+ cells. The receptor binding of HIV-2 gp120 was further analyzed using a panel composed of nine soluble CD4 mutants containing insertions of 2 amino acids within the first and second immunoglobulin-like domains. Of three mutations previously shown to interfere with HIV-1 gp120 binding, two also interfered with binding of the HIV-2 glycoprotein indicating use of the same binding site. Chemical crosslinking, sucrose gradient sedimentation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were employed to study the oligomerization of the envelope protein. The data indicated that gp160 assembles posttranslationally into dimers and higher oligomers that are probably tetramers.
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PMID:Synthesis, oligomerization, and biological activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoprotein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus. 211 28

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are all transmitted by minute amounts of infected blood. Surgeons are at risk of contracting these infections by a number of routes including splashes of blood on to the mucous membranes of eyes, nose and mouth, needle stick injuries and spillage of blood on chapped ungloved hands. The endoscopic surgeon is quite unaware of nearly all instances of facial contamination because the splashes are frequently both minute and dilute. Sodium fluorescein, an indelible fluorescent dye detectable in dilutions of one to two parts per million, has been used in this prospective study as a marker of irrigating fluid used during transurethral resection. In 17 out of 20 consecutive operations its presence on the face of the surgeon was revealed by photography, although only a few splashes were visible to the naked eye. There was a random distribution of splashes and also a recurring pattern of contamination of the orbit of the eye that looks through the telescope and the tip of the nose. Vaccination against hepatitis B is recommended for all endoscopic surgeons, together with the use of protective glasses and a mask that covers both the nose and mouth. The greatest danger to the health care team is from an infectious patient who is an unknown risk. It is recommended that high risk patients presenting for transurethral resection should first be screened for the presence of HBV, HCV and HIV antigens.
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PMID:AIDS and hepatitis B and C: contamination risk at transurethral resection. A study using sodium fluorescein as a marker. 211 24

The proteins of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were identified by sodium dodecylsulphate poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. Purified [35S]methionine/cysteine-labelled virus contained proteins of Mr 120, 24, 17, and 10kD, of which the most prominent were p24 and p17, and minor components of 62, 54, 52, 41 and 32kD. Sera from FIV-infected cats precipitated two glycoproteins (gp) of Mr 120kD (gp120) and 41kD (gp41) from lysates of [14C]glucosamine-labelled infected cells. Purified virus contained very little or no detectable glycoproteins. The serological response to individual viral proteins was followed in experimentally infected cats by immunoblotting. Since purified virus was a poor source of gp120, a method using FIV-infected cell lysates was developed. Cats produced antibodies to gp120, p55, p24 and p17. (The p55 was presumed to be a precursor of p24 and p17.) Following infection, antibodies developed first to p24 and subsequently to p17, p55 and gp120. Sera from cats infected with three separate isolates of FIV, two from the UK and one from the USA, had cross-reacting antibodies to all of these viral proteins. The criteria for identification of seropositive cats were defined. The minimum requirement for a positive immunoblot was antibody to gp120 or to at least three core proteins (p55, p24 and p17). Comparison of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and immunoblotting indicated that false-positive results occurred as a result of non-specific reactions in the ELISA systems.
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PMID:Serological responses of cats to feline immunodeficiency virus. 216 70

Full-length (86-residue) polypeptide corresponding to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 tat trans-activating protein was chemically synthesized on a semiautomated apparatus, using an Fmoc amino acid continuous-flow strategy. The bulk material was relatively homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, and it showed trans-activating activity when scrape loaded into cells containing a human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat-chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase reporter plasmid. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography yielded a rather broad elution profile, and assays across the column for biological activity indicated a sharper peak. Thus, high-pressure liquid chromatography provided for enrichment of biological activity. Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry of tryptic digests of synthetic tat identified several of the predicted tryptic peptides, consistent with accurate chemical synthesis.
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PMID:Chemical synthesis of biologically active tat trans-activating protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. 218 78

The oligomeric structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein (gp120) was examined by treating infectious virions with chemical cross-linking agents and subjecting the protein to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and velocity centrifugation. Immunoblots of cross-linked samples revealed three gp120 bands and an approximately threefold shift in gp120 sedimentation. Our finding of cross-linking solely between gp120 suggests that the gp120 subunits are closely associated in the native envelope structure.
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PMID:Oligomeric organization of gp120 on infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles. 221 33

In 1985 a mixture of red cells collected in citrate anticoagulant with plasma derived from heparinized blood was introduced in Amsterdam to perform exchange transfusions in newborns. This heparin mixture has physiological levels of electrolytes, calcium and glucose, can be delivered on short notice and carries a minimal risk of transmission of infectious diseases because all blood components are tested for hepatitis B antigen and antibodies against syphilis and the human immunodeficiency virus. Retrospectively we evaluated 54 children treated in 1986 and 1987 with exchange transfusions using this heparin mixture. An adequate decrease in bilirubin values when necessary was observed while neither changes in sodium, potassium, calcium or glucose values nor adverse effects on the pH value were recorded. However, a remarkable transient thrombocytopenia was found following exchange transfusion with a decrease of the platelet count to an average of 39% of the initial value.
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PMID:[The use of a mixture of citrated erythrocytes and heparin plasma for exchange transfusions]. 221 59

Treatment of virions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with ionic and nonionic detergents (NP-40, octylglucoside, sodium deoxycholate) exerted an effect on the virus uncommon for enveloped viruses: instead of solubilization, both glycoproteins (gp120 and gp41) were found in subviral particles, whereas the core protein p24 was found in the supernatant fluid after the removal of subviral particles by centrifugation. The matrix protein p17 and unprocessed molecules of the precursor protein p55 were associated with subviral particles. The above data confirm the proposed model of the HIV-I structural organization according to which glycoproteins are incorporated into the isometric matrix formed by protein p17. Our data indicate that the core protein p24 is not incorporated into the matrix and not associated with nucleocapsid proteins.
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PMID:[The characteristics of the interaction of the proteins comprising the virions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1]. 221 52


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