Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Epithelioid angiomatosis, hemangioma-like vascular proliferations recently described in AIDS patients, has been associated with the cat scratch disease bacillus. Other vascular lesions present in AIDS patients, in particular Kaposi's sarcoma, have been associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV). We investigated the possibility of viral association with epithelioid angiomatosis by analyzing two such lesions, as well as unrelated concurrent skin lesions, for the presence of viral genetic information. Colorimetric in-situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections using cloned biotinylated probes for CMV, herpes simplex virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The only virus demonstrated was EBV, and this was only in the two epithelioid angiomatosis lesions. Hybridization signal for EBV was present in the nuclei of endothelial cells and occasional histiocytes. Bacilli were demonstrated within one of the lesions by silver stain. This is the first report associating EBV with this entity, and the first-time demonstration of EBV genetic information in endothelial cells. Our data suggest that these vascular lesions may represent a nonspecific response to infection by many different agents, and that EBV may be involved in the pathogenesis of some of these lesions.
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PMID:Association of Epstein-Barr virus in epithelioid angiomatosis of AIDS patients. 216 9

We describe a new immunoassay for the detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus. The method is based on a silver enhanced gold-labelled immunosorbent assay (SEGLISA). Test sera are incubated in microtitre wells on which antigens have been coated. If present in the test sera, antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus bind to the solid-phase antigens. Bound antibodies are quantitated with anti-human immunoglobulin labelled with gold. Positive specimens produce a faint pink deposit which is better visualised by silver enhancement which gives an intense black colour. The intensity of the colour is proportional to the bound antibody concentration. All the reagents are stable and the silver enhancement takes place under ambient light conditions. The assay has many of the advantages of micro enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays but does not suffer from the drawbacks associated with the use of an enzyme label. It requires fewer manipulations and is quicker to carry out than an equivalent enzyme-linked test. As the silver layer is permanent dried wells may be stored for future reading or checking.
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PMID:Detection of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus by a silver-enhanced gold-labelled immunosorbent assay. 218 89

The frequency of atypical pathologic manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) were studied in 123 lung biopsy specimens from 76 National Institutes of Health patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The following atypical features were observed: interstitial (63%) and intraluminal (36%) fibrosis, absence of alveolar exudate (19%), numerous alveolar macrophages (9%), granulomatous inflammation (5%), hyaline membranes (4%), marked interstitial pneumonitis (3%), parenchymal cavities (2%), interstitial microcalcification (2%), minimal histologic reaction (2%), and vascular invasion with vasculitis (1%). These atypical features are discussed with emphasis on the significance of cavities, vascular invasion, vasculitis, and granulomas. Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies to the 2G2 and 6B8 antigens of P carinii in paraffin-embedded lung biopsy specimens did not indicate any diagnostic advantage over routine methenamine silver stains. This study provides an important reminder that a wide variety of pathologic manifestations may occur in PCP in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and that atypical features should be sought in lung biopsies from patients at risk for PCP.
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PMID:Atypical pathologic manifestations of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Review of 123 lung biopsies from 76 patients with emphasis on cysts, vascular invasion, vasculitis, and granulomas. 219 68

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is a major infectious complication of immunodeficiency states, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a safe and effective procedure for making this diagnosis. In addition to the characteristic organisms, both histologic and cytologic material often reveals exudate in the form of foamy alveolar casts (FACs). To test the diagnostic utility of FACs in BAL fluids, we compared 20 PCP-positive and 28 PCP-negative fluids as assessed by silver stains. All PCP-positive fluids contained FACs on Papanicolaou-stained material. Only one PCP-negative lavage contained FACs, and transbronchial biopsy in this case revealed PCP. We suggest that FACs in BAL fluids are highly sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of PCP.
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PMID:Foamy alveolar casts: diagnostic specificity for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. 246 60

The etiology of genital ulcer disease was determined in 210 consecutive patients (110 men and 100 women) who presented at a clinic in Kigali, Rwanda, because of genital ulcers. When mixed infections are included, syphilis (21%), chancroid (24%), and genital herpes (17%) were about equally frequent in men. Lymphogranuloma venereum with ulceration was found in 11% of patients. Syphilis (40%) was the most common diagnosis in women; genital herpes (20%), lymphogranuloma venereum with ulceration (19%) and chancroid (12%) also were frequent diagnoses. Microscopic examination for treponemes after silver-impregnation staining had a poor sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of primary syphilis. Overall, 59% of the patients (43% of the men and 77% of the women) had IgG antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus.
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PMID:The etiology of genital ulceration in Rwanda. 251 Mar 25

CD4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that acts as the cellular receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A cDNA encoding full-length CD4 was inserted into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus under transcriptional regulation of the viral polyhedrin gene promoter. The recombinant virus was used to infect insect cells, which resulted in the abundant expression of CD4 as evaluated by flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. Recombinant CD4 expressed on the surface of infected insect cells was immunologically indistinguishable from human CD4 when using 11 different anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies. The extraction of infected cells by phase-transition separation with Triton X-114 followed by immunoaffinity chromatography yielded a single protein detected by NaDodSO4/PAGE using silver staining. N-terminal sequence analysis of the purified recombinant protein showed that CD4 produced in Sf9 cells is efficiently cleaved from the precursor protein. Immunoblot analysis under nondenaturing conditions showed that the purified protein reacted with the anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody Leu-3a. The potential use of the recombinant membrane-associated CD4 in anti-HIV therapy is discussed.
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PMID:Cell-surface expression and purification of human CD4 produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. 268 21

Serum and leukocytes from a cohort of homosexual males were analyzed to determine the interrelationships of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), serum HIV antigen levels, and phenotypical differences in lymphocyte subpopulations of HIV antibody-positive (HIV Ab+) and HIV antibody-negative (HIV Ab-) homosexual males. Significant reductions were observed in the percentages of B lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD4+ kappa lambda- T lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios of HIV Ab+ homosexual males in comparison to HIV Ab- homosexual males. Significant increases were observed in the percentages of CD8+, CD8+ CD11b-, CD8+ kappa lambda-, CD8+ DR+, CD8+Leu7+, and Leu7+ lymphocytes of HIV Ab+ study subjects. Statistical analysis revealed that among the immunological variables tested, decreases in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in the percentage of CD4+ kappa lambda- lymphocytes showed the strongest associations with HIV-sero-positivity in asymptomatic homosexual males. Only 44 (16.5%) of 267 HIV Ab+ homosexual males had detectable levels of HIV antigen (HIV Ag) in their serum. The percentages of CD4+ or CD4+ kappa lambda- lymphocytes and the CD4+/CD8+ ratios of HIV Ab+ males differed significantly between HIV Ag-positive (HIV Ag+) and--negative (HIV Ag-) homosexual males. These variables, however, did not correlate well with HIV Ag levels,indicating that no clear associations can be drawn between levels of HIV antigen and lymphocyte subset abnormalities of HIV-infected individuals.
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PMID:Interrelations of lymphocyte subset values, human immunodeficiency virus antibodies, and HIV antigen levels of homosexual males in San Francisco. 321 86

Reagin and treponemal antibody tests are highly reliable in diagnosing secondary syphilis. However, patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) respond abnormally to antigenic stimulation and may fail to develop typical serologic responses to infections. We report the case of an HIV-infected man with Kaposi sarcoma and secondary syphilis whose VDRL test and fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorbed test were repeatedly nonreactive. Correct diagnosis required biopsy of a skin lesion with silver staining to show spirochetes. Clinicians treating HIV-infected patients should be aware of the problems of serologic diagnosis of syphilis in these patients. Biopsy samples of appropriate tissues and staining for spirochetes may be needed to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
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PMID:Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma. A diagnostic dilemma. 199 4

Pulmonary infection with Rhodococcus equi is rare, and most cases are seen in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We describe the pathologic features in four cases of culture-positive R equi pneumonia occurring in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. All four patients had a solitary cavitary pulmonary mass that was resected (n = 3) or had undergone biopsy (n = 1). Pathologically, all specimens revealed sheets of histiocytes with abundant foamy to eosinophilic cytoplasm with numerous phagolysosomes that were positive for periodic acid-Schiff, Gomori methenamine silver, and Grocott stains. Occasional histiocytes contained Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, diagnostic of malakoplakia. The Michaelis-Gutmann bodies yielded positive results with periodic acid-Schiff, Gomori methenamine silver, Grocott, Giemsa, and von Kossa stains (three of three cases studied) and with alizarin red and Prussian blue stains (two of three cases studied). Many gram-positive coccobacilli within histiocytes and associated with neutrophils were found in one case. Ultrastructural study of one case showed histiocytes containing abundant phagolysosomes with degenerated bacterial components and Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. The latter had a targetoid appearance with variegated phagolysosome cores that were mineralized by deposition of electron-dense spicules surrounded by peripheral rings of granular and membranous material. Based on our observations and reports in the literature, there appears to be a more than coincidental association between pulmonary R equi infection, malakoplakia, and human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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PMID:Rhodococcus equi pneumonia and pulmonary malakoplakia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pathologic features. 751 60

Diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis have not been established, and clinical information consists primarily of isolated case reports. We proposed five diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis including: (1) the demonstration of the characteristic eosinophil-rich allergic mucin visually or histopathologically, (2) a positive fungal stain or culture from the sinus at surgery, and (3) the absence of immunodeficiency or diabetes. With these criteria, seven patients in our metropolitan area with allergic fungal sinusitis were identified in a short period. Initial symptoms in our seven patients reflected those in 99 case reports in that two children were first seen with proptosis, one child and three adults with nasal congestion, and one adult with symptoms of chronic sinusitis. All had pansinusitis as shown on x-ray films. Six patients were atopic, five had nasal polyposis, and five had Curvularia species cultured from the sinuses. Infections with Bipolaris species, asthma, and chronic sinusitis were less common in our patients than in those previously reported. Recurrent symptoms and additional surgery sometimes resulted when the diagnosis was delayed by failure to obtain silver stains for fungus on surgical material sent for histopathologic review. Sinus tomography showed that the fungal material in the sinuses was of high density, which distinguished it from polyps or bacterial exudate. Bony compression, erosion, and rupture of the sinus walls were common. Results of IgE levels, precipitin determinations, and eosinophil counts were variable in both our patients and those in the literature. On the basis of our review, we believe that the simple diagnostic criteria proposed are appropriate for both research and clinical purposes.
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PMID:Diagnostic criteria for allergic fungal sinusitis. 762 60


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