Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A cross-sectional study of 400 patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics at The Venereal Diseases and AIDS Centers, Regional 2, Thailand, was conducted from January to December 1996 in order to investigate the antibody prevalence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to describe some epidemiological characteristics among HIV and HCV co-infected individuals. The studied patients were interviewed and their blood specimens were collected for determining anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. The results revealed that the prevalence of anti-HIV among studied patients was 25%, while 7.5% were positive for anti-HCV. The positivity of both antibodies present in the same individuals was 3.3% (13/400 cases). The highest prevalences of anti-HIV, anti-HCV and both antibodies were found in studied patients aged 20 years or less. Patients with primary education, or lower, had relatively higher prevalence of anti-HIV and/or anti-HCV than those with higher level education. A relatively higher prevalence was found among commercial sex workers and labourers. Among 13 HIV and HCV co-infected individuals, there were four cases who had histories of sexual contact without condom use, but no history of parenteral contact. The rest (9/13) had histories of both parenteral contact and sexual contact without condom use.
Asia Pac J Public Health 2000
PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections among patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics, Regional 2, Thailand. 1120 Feb 18

The HIV-1 prime boost phase I/II vaccine trial using a recombinant canarypox vector, vCP1521, containing subtype E env (gp120), and subtype B env (gp41), gag and protease has started in Thailand. We have demonstrated that although 4 from 15 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seronegative Individuals showed cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to vaccinia virus antigens, none of them showed specific CTL responses to subtype E Env after in vitro stimulation. This preliminary study suggests that specific CTL responses to subtype E envelope detected in HIV-1 seronegative Individuals after vaccination should be considered as specific responses to the immunization.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Mar
PMID:Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to vaccinia virus antigens but not HIV-1 subtype E envelope protein seen in HIV-1 seronegative Thais. 1149 95

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), an X-linked recessive disorder, is characterized by primary progressive T cell immunodeficiency, impaired antipolysaccharide antibody production, eczema, and thrombocytopenia. Stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy. To evaluate the use of allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) in this group of patients, we performed allogeneic PBSCT in two WAS patients (3 and 12 years old). The conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan 4 mg/kg/day for 4 days, and cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg/day for 4 days. Graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis was consistent with cyclosporin A and methotrexate. Peripheral blood stem cells were collected from their brother donors (6 and 16 years old) by continuous flow leukapheresis after mobilization with granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor at a dose of 7.5 microg/kg/day for 5 days. Both recipients achieved neutrophils engraftment on days 11 and 12. The first patient achieved platelets engraftment on day 30. The second patient did not have platelet count below 20.0 x 10(9)/l during PBSCT procedure. Both did not develop acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. At present, they are healthy after PBSCT. The follow up time after transplantation is 1,170 days and 269 days, respectively. Allogeneic PBSCT is economically feasible for WAS. The cost of PBSCT in Thailand is 20 to 30% less than bone marrow and cord blood stem cell transplantation. The cost of the transplant procedure for each patient in Thailand is US $ 12,000. This study is the first report of a successful stem cell transplantation in WAS patients in Thailand.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 2001 Sep
PMID:Successful allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Patients: first report in Thailand. 1182 14

To date, 20 persons in Singapore have become infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). 19 of these individuals are males, ages 17-56 years; the only female affected was the wife of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case. 2/3 of the infected persons are homosexuals; most had extensive sexual contacts with foreigners. The Ministry of Health has intensified health education efforts targeted at homosexuals, prostitutes, and others with multiple sexual partners. Entertainment establishments such as nightclubs are participating in this outreach effort. Specific program activities include: health education pamphlets on AIDS; posters on safe sex practices placed in work areas, public areas, entertainment establishments, and hospitals and clinics; and an AIDS hotline for counseling and referral. In addition, the Ministry of Health has established an AIDS Task Force comprised of medical professionals and a National Advisory Committee on AIDS composed of representatives from the mass media, the medical profession, and travel-related organizations.
Virus Inf Exch Newsl South East Asia West Pac 1988 Apr
PMID:AIDS prevention and control, Singapore. 1215 17

A surveillance center for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the Regional Medical Research Center in Jabalpur, India, has analyzed 2011 serum samples from foreign students and other high-risk groups since its establishment in November 1986. 10 of these samples have been found to be positive for HIV infection by ELISA testing and were subsequently confirmed as positive by the Western blot test. All 10 positive serum samples were from foreign students from African countries. None of these students had any clinical signs of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). None of the 612 Indians from high-risk groups screened through this surveillance system had antibodies to HIV. However, efforts are now underway to screen a larger sample of Indians considered to be at risk of HIV infection, especially prisoners, prostitutes, blood donors, and patients with sexually transmitted diseases.
Virus Inf Exch Newsl South East Asia West Pac 1988 Jun
PMID:Prevalence of HIV antibody in high risk groups, Jabalpur, Central India. 1215 20

Treatment adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a critical issue in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care. HAART can extend the longevity of people living with HIV, but treatment efficacy relies on strict adherence that is difficult for many consumers to manage. Results presented in this article are based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with Native Hawaiian consumers (n = 6) who reported moderate to low levels of overall HAART adherence, and based on their kokua, or primary support. All interviews were recorded on audiotape, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using Grounded Theory methods. Research questions that guided the inquiry, included: What are the challenges of Hawaiians who report moderate to low levels of HAART adherence? How does non-adherence occur? What is the role of the kokua (primary caregiver) and/or family members in treatment adherence? What types of support enhance adherence? The unpredictability of living with HIV was a major challenge to adherence. Symptom distress and active use of alcohol and other drugs interfered with the capacity to appropriately adhere. Two patterns of non-adherence were identified: interrupted regime and intermittent use. Tangible and emotional types of support, sometimes delivered in culture-specific ways, were viewed as helpful in maintaining compliance and in resuming the regime when difficulties arose. The findings complement extant research on HAART by providing an understanding of adherence as a lived experience among Native Hawaiians and their kokua.
Pac Health Dialog 2001 Sep
PMID:Treatment adherence to an antiretroviral regime: the lived experience of Native Hawaiians and kokua. 1218 May 8

An overview of health and social issues is presented here regarding Native Hawaiian transgenders. Perhaps due to relatively greater tolerance of gender diversity among Polynesian cultures, approximately 70% of all male-to-female transgenders in Hawai'i are Native Hawaiian. However, the overall climate is one of discrimination and harassment such that transgenders--who tend to be under-educated, under-employed, and medically underserved--may be the most severely impacted of all Native Hawaiians. Lei Anuenue, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention program for Native Hawaiians, has provided a variety of services for transgenders, including outreach, educational workshops, support groups, HIV testing, and case management. All services are provided by peer leaders who are employed by the program. Data for this article are based on case management, including client self-disclosures and reports of peer staff who knew details of clients' lives having shared with them both generic experiences and specific activities. Information from 100 transgender clients and their case managers indicated that the transgender health profile is far more serious than that of mainstream Native Hawaiians. For example, 74% smoke, 31% use illegal drugs (excluding marijuana), more than 50% have been involved in street or domestic violence, and few individuals over age 50 have been found during three years of outreach. To some extent, employment options limit transgenders to prostitution, drug dealing, and minimum-wage jobs. In addition, a lifestyle of multiple sex partners and lack of opportunities for stable relationships place transgenders at much greater risk for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and other infectious and non-infectious diseases as compared to the mainstream Native Hawaiian community. Clients in this study were from O'ahu, primarily from downtown Honolulu, Chinatown, and Wai'anae. Future studies should compare the results of this sample to transgenders from the neighbor islands (especially in rural Hawaiian areas), as well as utilize a structured prospective longitudinal approach.
Pac Health Dialog 2001 Sep
PMID:Eo na Mahu o Hawai'i: the extraordinary health needs of Hawai'i's Mahu. 1218 May 12

This review considers some of the many reasons why researchers and policy makers are increasingly concerned about breastfeeding (BF). It discusses the contraceptive effect and health benefits of BF, and review major BF trends and patterns in selected countries and areas of Asia. It also discusses the complementarity between BF and contraceptive use, and highlights the findings of the studies contained in this special issue of the "Journal." In populations without access to modern contraception, birth intervals (BIs) are determined by the length of BF. The contraceptive effect of BF has been well documented. BF plays an important role in child nutrition and health in 3rd world countries. There are lower incidence of infant morbidity in Asia. Maternal antibodies in breast milk protect the infant from gastrointestinal illness and respiratory infections. Breastfeeding is very economical. The risk of transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from the infected mother to the child in the breast milk is a new contraindication to BF. However, BF is not as effective as a contraceptive after 6 months. Modern methods of postpartum contraception must be used. Introduction of contraceptive pills in some setting may be done too early. Family planning programs can help women use BF as a contraceptive method. BF should be seen as a "lactational amenorrhea method" in the "cafeteria" of FP methods. Users of the lactational amenorrhea method need to be represented in service statistics. FP surveys should find out if BR is used for fertility regulation. The other articles in the journal are summarized.
Asia Pac Popul J 1990 Mar
PMID:Breast-feeding in Asia: an overview. 1228 50

"Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and its causative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have become a rapidly spreading menace in Asia as elsewhere. This article summarizes the current status of the AIDS epidemic in Thailand, identifies the patterns of HIV transmission through Thai society, describes governmental and private responses to the epidemic, and suggests further countermeasures."
Asian Pac Popul Forum 1990
PMID:The AIDS prevention dilemma in Thailand. 1231 8

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been an African and Western concern due to its epidemic nature. Although nearly 99% of all reported cases occurred in these regions, Asia has reported cases, and the potential for devastation of Asia's already strained health care reserves are undeniable. This review compiled by analysis of 1986-88 articles on AIDS research, demographics, official statements from government and health organizations, news reports, and public statements describe how AIDS has spread in well documented regions like America, Europe, and Africa, and how the Asian regions have attempted to handle the AIDS epidemic before it becomes as serious as in the West. The topics covered include a clinical overview of how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS, how it is transmitted, and what are the primary forms of transmission in well documented regions. The report briefly documents what policies China, Hong Kong, Japan, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Australia, and New Zealand have individually instituted to stem the flow of AIDS into their country, and/or stop the spread of AIDS already found there. The efforts to combat AIDS globally by the World Health Organization/United Nations Development Program alliance (WHO-UNDP) along with the US Agency for International Development (USAID), and UNICEF are highlighted. The available research and aid programs are contrasted with how the Asian nations are preparing to deal with the AIDS epidemic. 1) AIDS has an incubation time wherein an infected individual is not AIDS symptomatic, but is capable of infecting others, and this hidden infected population makes it essential that containment policies are also enforced in countries with few reported cases. 2) A committee should be established in all Asian countries to coordinate education on safe sexual behaviors with specific programs for prostitutes, intravenous drug users, and prison inmates. 3) HIV testing of foreigners and students returning from abroad was discouraged due to its logistic impracticality and consumption of health resources. 4) AIDS education in the schools and sterile needle distribution to drug addicts was encouraged.
Asian Pac Cens Forum 1988 Sep
PMID:AIDS in Asia and the Pacific. 1234 38


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