Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From May 1, 1985 to December 31, 1991, a total of 4,962,707 serum samples from 8 population groups in Taiwan were tested for anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1). In total, 256 samples were seropositive; of these individuals, 43 developed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): 29 were homosexuals; 5 were hemophiliacs; 8 were heterosexuals and 1 was of unknown risk. Although the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and AIDS remains low compared with other countries, since 1988 the increase has been rapid. Before 1977 the majority were homosexuals and hemophiliacs; thereafter the risk groups diversified, with a trend away from homosexuals and hemophiliacs towards heterosexuals and intravenous drug abusers (IVDAs). A few patients have caused serious social problems for the public, health care workers and families. Active community efforts are needed to achieve future success in the control of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Taiwan.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1992 Jun
PMID:Status and trend of HIV-1 infection and AIDS in Taiwan, December, 1991. 141 87

Virus inducible elements (IE) in promoters of mouse alpha-interferon and human beta 1-interferon genes contain multiple copies of the hexanucleotide sequence AGT-GAA or its variants which are also found in the interferon-stimulated response element of genes transcriptionally induced by interferon. We have examined the similarities between virus and interferon induction of gene expression and the role of AGTGAA and AAT-GAA hexamers in these responses. Hybrid plasmids were constructed by inserting the IE region, the alpha 4 promoter, or the multiple copies of AGTGAA or AAT-GAA 5' to the inactive-45 human immunodeficiency-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase hybrid gene, and their inducible expression was studied in a transient expression assay. In L-cells, multiple hexamers were efficiently induced both by infection with Newcastle disease virus and by interferon treatment; while the alpha 4 promoter and the IE inducible region were induced predominantly by virus rather than by interferon. In order to dissociate the effect of virus and endogenous interferon on the induction process, we examined the gene expression in Vero cells, which have undergone homozygous deletion of type 1 interferon genes, and in VNPT-159 cells, which were derived from Vero cells by insertion of an inducible human interferon beta 1 gene. The results show that while the alpha 4 promoter was efficiently induced only by virus in both cell types, the constructs containing shorter segments of the IE were induced by both virus and interferon in Vero cells. However, the inducibility by interferon was not detected in VNPT-159 cells, suggesting that the presence of endogenous interferon suppresses interferon-induced expression of hexanucleotide repeats and the short inducible region. In contrast, virus inducibility of endogenous interferon-stimulated genes, ISG-15 and ISG-54, was about 100-fold more efficient in VNPT-159 cells than in Vero cells, suggesting that this induction is largely mediated through synthesis of endogenous interferon. Hence, endogenous interferon may play a role in the autoregulation of both interferon genes and interferon-stimulated genes.
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PMID:Virus infection and interferon can activate gene expression through a single synthetic element, but endogenous genes show distinct regulation. 255 Apr 51

In human lymphocytes three dipeptidyl peptidases were discovered in our laboratory. For a correct demonstration of activities of these enzymes discriminating substrates must be used. Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is revealed with Gly-Pro-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (Gly-Pro-MNA) and Fast Blue B (FBB). It is present in the surface membrane of about 40% lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. Only T-lymphocytes bear the reaction. Reacting lymphocytes belong predominantly to OKT4+ subset. Some OKT8+ lymphocytes also react. With more sensitive substrates (Lys-Pro-MNA, Phe-Pro-MNA and Ala-Pro-MNA) a co-reaction of DPP II was demonstrated "in situ" and in zymograms. In haemoblastoses a positive reaction in cells indicates their derivation from the T-lineage of lymphocytes. A negative reaction does not exclude a T-cell malignancy, however. A decreased number of DPP IV positive lymphocytes in the peripheral blood indicates a diminished immunocompetent potential of T-cells, e.g. immunodeficiency in patients with malignant lymphoma, gastric and colocrectal carcinoma, AIDS, etc. DPP II demonstrated with Lys-Ala-MNA occurs in about 60% of lymphocytes belonging to T and B subsets. It is localized in lysosomes. Although Lys-Pro-MNA is a more sensitive substrate a co-reaction of DPP IV must always be considered. Patients with chronic B-lymphocytic leukaemia displaying a high number of DPP II+ cells usually have a worse prognosis. DPP I assessed with Gly-Pro-MNA and nitrosalicylaldehyde occurs in about 20% of T and B lymphocytes. The number of positively reacting cells increases after corticosteroid therapy. The influence of the treatment on the activity can be shown very well in histograms of DPP I activity measured by computer-assisted microfluorometry.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl peptidases of human lymphocytes. 290 80

Sera from 3500 individuals including patients of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, patients with sexually transmitted diseases, leprosy, jail inmates, healthy laboratory workers and patients on hemodialysis were screened for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as a sero surveillance exercise of one of the centers set up by the India Council of Medical Research at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Candigarh. Three individuals were found to be strongly positive by ELISA using the Wellcozyme kit, with no background noise in the population studies. These three patients were also evaluated by the Western blot technique and showed strong antibody reaction to all the major gene products. It was also possible to ascertain the approximate incubation period of infection in a case who rapidly developed full blown AIDS and died of wasting syndrome. Comprehensive data of 14 cases was also collected from all the centers in India and in every case one could trace the contact outside India. None of the 3 cases studied at our center had Kaposi's sarcoma. These observations could be important landmarks in the epidemiology of AIDS in India.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1988 Jun
PMID:AIDS in India: a report of three cases with review of literatures. 304 89

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1987 Jun
PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

Sera from 47 individuals repeatedly reactive in one screening ELISA system (designated as ELISA-A) for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were evaluated by a second ELISA system (designated as ELISA-B) as well as by the Western blot technique. Both ELISA systems and the Western blot were positive in all of the 14 patients with clinical diagnoses of AIDS and AIDS-related persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (PGL). Of the 7 asymptomatic gays whose sera were repeatedly reactive in ELISA-A, 5 were also reactive in ELISA-B and these were the ones with positive Western blot tests. Eight and 17 ELISA-A reactive individuals were uncovered during a survey of 2,699 female prostitutes and 15,210 potential workers for Saudi Arabia respectively. All of these 25 individuals were ELISA-B and Western blot negative, an indication of false-positive reactivity with ELISA-A. Our studies indicate that the prevalence of HIV infection among the general Thai population is still low, and that the specificity of two ELISA test kits for anti-HIV may differ considerably. We concluded that evaluation of test kits should include studies in tropical countries where ecological conditions, climate and background endemic disease patterns are different than in the countries producing the diagnostic systems. Such studies are needed to identify the most sensitive and specific kits for worldwide application. We did discover that concordant positivity of two different ELISA test kits served as a reliable and inexpensive confirmatory test for anti-HIV.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1987 Jun
PMID:Anti-HIV positivity in Thailand: the usefulness of another ELISA test kit and Western blot as confirmatory tests. 330 23

By 1987, only 3 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) had been reported in Hong Kong. All 3 involved males who had been infected through sexual contact with a European or North American. In 2 cases, the sexual contact was homosexual; the 3rd case involved a man who had frequent sexual contact in New York and Miami with female prostitutes. The Government of Hong Kong moved rapidly to establish an AIDS Expert Advisory Committee to carry out a public educational campaign and formulated clear guidelines for health workers. In recognition of the need for epidemiologic data, a seroprevalence program was initiated in 1985 to define risk groups and the prevalence of infection. During a 21-month surveillance period, 38,312 individuals were screened for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 72 (0.2%) of whom were confirmed to be seropositive. Of the 61 individuals for whom a history was available, 12 (20%) were homosexual or bisexual men, 46 (75%) had a history of transfusions of blood or blood products (largely for hemophilia), and 3 reported sexual contact with female prostitutes outside of Hong Kong. Only 2 of the 72 positive tests involved women. None of the sera from the 1123 intravenous drug abusers and 1360 prostitutes screened contained antibodies to HIV. Consistent with a lack of documented local heterosexual spread of HIV infection is the absence of cases among infants and children. To reduce the risk of parenterally spread infection, universal blood donor unit screening for HIV antibody and the introduction of heat-treated Factor VIII have been implemented. In addition, an AIDS Education and Publicity Committee was established in 1986 to heighten public awareness of the risk factors involved in HIV infection.
Asia Pac J Public Health 1987
PMID:The many epidemiological faces of AIDS with special reference to Hong Kong and implications for prevention and control. 345 2

This report describes in detail an unusual variant of a common variable immunodeficiency disease in a seven-year-old boy. The unique features were progressive neutropenia due to defective myelopoiesis, serum IgG and IgA deficiencies, defective immunoglobulin light-chain synthesis, absence of secretory IgA and IgM gammopathy. He had been born healthy, but following a thermal injury at the age of 1 1/2 years, he suffered recurrent attacks of sinopulmonary and urinary tract infections, enteritis due to enteropathogenic E. coli, Giardia lamblia and E. histolytica, developed pulmonary tuberculosis and died of deep mycotic infection of the oral cavity and obstruction of the bronchial tree. The cause of the defective myelopoiesis could not be determined, but it might have been due to prolonged sulphomamide therapy administered for controlling his persistent urinary tract infection due to paraphymosis.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1985 Dec
PMID:A rare case of variable immune deficiency with type II dysgammaglobulinaemia, light chain defect, gut associated IgA deficiency and progressive neutropenia. 393 29

The AIDS syndrome includes cases of biopsy-proven Kaposi's sarcoma in persons under 60 years of age, or biopsy- or culture-proven Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, or either of the life-threatening opportunistic infections in young previously healthy persons with no underlying cause of immunodeficiency (Center for Disease Control criteria). Here we described the first case of AIDS with early Kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions in homosexual male drug addict and have compared the clinical and laboratory findings with those of another homosexual male having recrudescent melioidosis due to Pseudomonas pseudomallei.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1985 Dec
PMID:A case comparison of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in homosexual males with spindle-endothelial cell abnormalities and with recrudescent melioidosis. 407 77

Fourteen patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) were studied. The common clinical manifestations were recurrent sore throat, sinusitis, respiratory infections, diarrhea, and malnutrition. All had low IgG, with normal cell-mediated immunity. Treatment with immunoglobulin and/or plasma was effective in most of them. There were no severe adverse events with the therapy.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1994 Dec
PMID:Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in northern India. 761 12


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