Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0021051 (immunodeficiency)
 71,517 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both cocaine use and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection alone have been associated with an increased incidence of cardiac dysfunction. Concomitant exposure to cocaine and HIV infection may exacerbate the cardiac toxicity of either agent alone, a hypothesis that is examined in this review article. A possible unifying hypothesis based on enhancement of adrenergic stimulation is proposed.
Clin Cardiol 2001 Mar
PMID:Can cocaine abuse exacerbate the cardiac toxicity of human immunodeficiency virus? 1128 61

Four cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who developed coronary heart disease (CHD) while under treatment with a protease inhibitor (PI) are described, and the epidemiologic and clinical features of 18 cases reported in the literature are analyzed. Cardiac manifestations mostly included myocardial infarctions. Smoking and hyperlipidemia were the most common risk factors for CHD, reported in 72 and 81% of the patients, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 75% of the cases at the time of the cardiovascular event. Ninety percent of the patients with pretreatment normal lipid values experienced a rise in the plasma lipid levels during PI therapy. Although a definite relationship between the development of CHD and HIV PIs can not be made, this analysis suggests that PI-induced hyperlipidemia may play a role in accelerating coronary atherosclerosis in patients with concomitant risk factors. Evaluation and control of risk factors for CHD should be performed in each patient for whom treatment with a PI is indicated.
Clin Cardiol 2001 Oct
PMID:Coronary heart disease associated with the use of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 protease inhibitors: report of four cases and review. 1159 16

The authors describe two cases of pulmonary hypertension (PHT). In the first case it is secondary to pulmonary thromboembolism, a frequent and serious occurrence, witch is well known as a cause of PHT. In the second case the PHT is probably secondary to infection by human immunodeficiency virus, also a serious and frequent condition in clinical practice but which was only recently identified as a cause of PHT. Formerly these patients were considered as suffering from primary PHT. The authors make a brief review of the literature on pulmonary hypertension.
Rev Port Cardiol 2002 Feb
PMID:[Pulmonary hypertension. Topic review. 2 clinical cases]. 1196 87

Several cardiorespiratory diseases can complicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Primary pulmonary hypertension is a rare clinical disorder with a poor prognosis. We describe this syndrome in four HIV- positive patients who were examined in our hospital.
Rev Esp Cardiol 2002 Jun
PMID:[Pulmonary hypertension associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a review of 4 cases]. 1211 27

Prolongation of the QT interval is associated with a high risk of serious ventricular tachyarrhythmias, usually torsade de pointes (TdP) polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, although monomorphic ventricular tachycardia may also develop. Both congenital and acquired forms have been reported, acquired forms being much more prevalent. An association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and a higher rate of dilated cardiomyopathy has also been recognized. The severity of immunodeficiency seems to influence both the incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy. A higher prevalence of QT prolongation has been reported among hospitalized HIV-positive patients with HIV infection, possibly related to drugs prescribed for such patients or to an acquired form of long QT syndrome arising from HIV infection. We report a case of QT prolongation and development of ventricular arrhythmia in one HIV patient that started with intravenous clarithromycin and cotrimoxazole therapy.
Rev Esp Cardiol 2002 Aug
PMID:[Ventricular tachycardia and long QT associated with clarithromycin administration in a patient with HIV infection]. 1219 87

Vectors based on lentiviruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 have many advantages for gene therapy, including the ability to infect non-dividing cells, long-term transgene expression and the absence of induction of an inflammatory/immune response. This study was initiated to determine whether lentiviruses would efficiently transfer genes to both neonatal and adult cardiac cells in culture and, by direct injection, to the heart in vivo. A three-plasmid expression system, including a packaging defective helper construct, a plasmid coding for a heterologous (VSV-G) envelope protein and a vector construct harboring reporter genes - E-GFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) and puro (puromycin-resistance protein) was used to generate pseudotyped HIV-1 particles by transient transfection of human embryonic kidney 293T cells. We demonstrated efficient gene transfer into neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes in vitro and identified conditions in which virtually 100 % of cultured neonatal and 70 % of adult cardiac myocytes express the reporter gene. Transduction of adult cardiac myocytes with high titre lentiviral vectors did not affect the cell number, morphology or viability compared to untransduced cells. We delivered HIV-1-based vectors to the intact heart by direct injection. Hearts transduced with pseudotyped HIV-1 vectors showed levels of transgene expression comparable to that achieved by adenovirus vectors. This study demonstrates for the first time that lentivirus-based vectors can successfully transduce adult cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo, and opens up the prospect of lentivirus-based vectors becoming an important gene delivery system in the cardiovascular field.
Basic Res Cardiol 2002 Sep
PMID:Lentiviral vectors for delivery of genes into neonatal and adult ventricular cardiac myocytes in vitro and in vivo. 1220 Jun 34

Cardiac involvement is commonly described in autopsy examinations of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, only a small percentage have clinically significant cardiac disease. Dilated cardiomyopathy is one of the most common HIV-related heart diseases. Cardiovascular complications of HIV infection are likely to become more common with improvements in treatment and survival. Coronary thromboembolism has rarely been reported in the setting of dilated cardiomyopathy. Coronary thromboembolism should be suspected in a patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction, normal coronary arteries at subsequent angiography and a potential source of embolus. A patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction subsequently diagnosed as a coronary artery embolism due to HIV cardiomyopathy is reported. Coronary artery embolism and HIV cardiomyopathy are briefly discussed.
Can J Cardiol 2003 Mar 15
PMID:Acute myocardial infarction in a young man with dilated cardiomyopathy: clinicopathological correlation. 1267 84

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common, inherited disorder that affects around one in 500 individuals in the heterozygous form. By the year 2001, more people in the US had FH than were infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. The disease is caused by mutations within the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene. FH is associated with elevated plasma LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, xanthomatosis, early onset of atherosclerosis and premature cardiac death. Patients with heterozygous FH commonly have plasma LDL-C levels that are two-fold higher than normal, while homozygotes have four- to five-fold elevations in plasma LDL-C. Although FH patients have a high risk of developing premature coronary heart disease (CHD), they remain underdiagnosed and undertreated. Early detection of FH is critical to prolonging the life of these patients. Once identified, patients with heterozygous FH can be placed on a diet and drug management program. As the most efficacious and well-tolerated agents, hydroxy methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are usually the drugs of first choice; bile acid sequestrants, niacin, and occasionally fibrates may be used as supplemental agents. Statins may also provide a realistic option for the treatment of some FH homozygotes with genes that produce partially functional LDL receptors. However, a number of patients are still failing to reach treatment guidelines even with the most effective of the currently available statins. The development of new more efficacious statins or the use of new combination therapies such as statins with the cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe may help to reduce the current problem of undertreatment in FH patients.
Int J Cardiol 2003 May
PMID:Familial hypercholesterolemia--improving treatment and meeting guidelines. 1272 1

Although human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors (PIs) improve survival in patients with HIV infection, many patients receiving PIs develop hyperlipidemia, which may increase risk of future coronary events. The purpose of this study was to estimate the changing prevalence of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in patients with HIV and to evaluate its association with the use of HIV PIs. This was a cross-sectional study of adults with HIV infection who were registered in the Medicaid of California (MEDI-CAL) administrative claims database. Frequencies of HIV-related and dyslipidemia diagnoses were determined from International Classification of Diseases-9th Edition codes. Use of lipid-lowering and antiretroviral medications was determined by National Drug Codes. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate trends in use of PIs and lipid-lowering medications from January 1996 to June 2002. The number of HIV-infected patients in MEDI-CAL ranged from 15,764 in 1996 to 13,349 in 2000. The prevalence of LLT use among HIV-infected patients on PIs increased by sixfold (1.7% to 10.6%, p <0.05), and in 2000, exceeded use in the overall MEDI-CAL population (p = 0.09). The increasing rate of LLT in patients taking PIs was greater than in HIV-infected patients not on PIs and in MEDI-CAL (p = 0.002). In multivariate models, increasing age (odds ratio 2.30) and use of PIs (odds ratio 2.08) predicted use of LLT (p <0.001). Thus, in patients taking HIV PIs, use of LLT increased more than sixfold, at a faster rate than in the general population. It has not been proved that use of LLT in HIV-infected patients taking PIs improves survival.
Am J Cardiol 2003 Aug 01
PMID:Increased use of lipid-lowering therapy in patients receiving human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors. 1288 29

Four patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus receiving antiretroviral treatment and high doses of methadone (>200 mg/day) presented with several syncopal episodes. A significant prolongation of the QTc interval was detected in all of them, and in 3 patients, > or =1 episode of Torsades de Pointes was recorded. The sequence of events in these cases suggests that high doses of methadone caused QT prolongation and provided the substrate for syncope and Torsades de Pointes.
Am J Cardiol 2003 Oct 15
PMID:QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with methadone. 1521 32


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